Are there any adverse effects of the Three Gorges Project? Pray for the great gods.

1, the impact on cultural relics in the reservoir area. The flooded area of the Three Gorges Project is more than 600 kilometers, which makes a large number of cultural relics and historical sites submerged underwater without cultural relics protection after the Three Gorges reservoir area reaches 185 meters. So from 1996, the state issued protection funds as scheduled, and the rescue protection excavation of cultural relics in the Three Gorges reservoir area began. Among them, the important cultural relics include Fuling Baiheliang, Zhongxian Shi Baozhai and Fang Ding Shuangque-Wumingque, Yunyang Zhangfei Temple, Fengdu Ghost Town and Fengjie Bai Di City. In addition, there are 5 important ancient plank roads, 56 stone inscriptions and 7 ancient bridges/kloc-0. There are 58 important sites and 45 tombs (cemeteries) in the underground cultural relics. Among them, the famous fengjie county Caotang ancient human fossil site is the only fossil site in the Three Gorges reservoir area. Chu Tomb in Yunyang County, Longji Stone Carving in Northern Song Dynasty, Dachang Ancient Town in Wushan County in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Daning River plank road built in Tang Dynasty, etc. Ground cultural relics to be submerged, such as Zhangfei Temple in Yunyang County, Yong 'an Palace in fengjie county, Wen Jia Courtyard in dachang town in Wushan County, Jiangdu Temple and Xintan Residence in Zigui County, Dingfangque-Wumingque in Zhongxian County, and ancient bridge, are all rebuilt according to the original technology, raw materials and prototype system (most of them are located outside the adjacent submerged area). The original site protection method adopted by the civilized Baiheliang stone carvings at home and abroad is to build a museum 40 meters underwater. After completion, visitors will be able to visit the stone carvings underwater, and the cliff stone carvings will be moved to other places through integral cutting. At the same time, a modern museum, the Three Gorges Museum, was built in the center of Chongqing to collect a large number of cultural relics unearthed in the first-line excavation work. It is undeniable that although a number of precious and representative cultural relics have been preserved through a large number of surprise cultural relics protection and rescue excavations, it cannot be guaranteed that all cultural relics will be preserved. There are still a large number of cultural relics that have sunk below the submerged line, and it will be difficult to dig them up again. 2. Impact on Ecology and Environment The impact of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the ecological environment mainly includes two aspects: (1) The beneficial impact is mainly in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, including reducing the damage of floods to the ecological environment, reducing the pollution of coal burning to the environment, and reducing the siltation of Dongting Lake. The adverse effects are mainly in the reservoir area. In addition to flooding cultivated land, changing landscape, and mass migration, it also affects rare species, weather, reservoir bottom floods, landslides, earthquakes, terrestrial plants and so on. The climate of the Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment is a typical river reservoir. Although it has a certain regulating effect on the surrounding climate, its influence range is not large. The influence range of temperature, humidity, wind speed and foggy days on both sides of the strait is not more than 2 kilometers horizontally and 400 meters vertically. The annual average temperature does not change more than 0.2 degrees, the monthly average temperature in winter and spring can increase by 0.3~ 1 degree, and the monthly average temperature in summer can decrease by 0.9~ 1.2 degrees. The extreme maximum temperature can be reduced by 4 degrees, and the minimum temperature can be increased by about 3 degrees; Relative humidity will increase by 3%~6% in summer, by 1%~3% in spring and autumn, and by 2% in winter. After the completion of the reservoir, the annual precipitation will increase by about 3 mm, affecting several kilometers to dozens of kilometers around the reservoir, depending on the terrain; Still need to be alert to the impact of summer drought on agriculture. The average wind speed will increase by 15%~40%. Because the average wind speed in the reservoir area is only about 2m/s before the reservoir is completed, the wind speed is still small after it is completed. There are 120 families, 380 genera and 560 species of terrestrial plants directly affected by floods. Most of them are widely distributed in areas unaffected by floods. So it will not cause species extinction, but three precious plants must be protected. 1 The lotus leaf of Adiantum mandshuricum, a national second-class protected plant and a special product of the reservoir area, starts from Wanzhou District in the east and ends in Xituo District of Shizhu County in the west, and is intermittently distributed in a narrow strip nearly 100 km long, with the depth of 3-5 km on both sides. This is the only place in the Asian continent. The protection measure is to establish a 2-square-kilometer species protection point in Sandaohe Village, Xinxiang, Wanzhou for artificial cultivation. 2. Selaginella laxiflora is endemic to the Three Gorges area, with few provenances and narrow distribution, which has scientific research value in classification and geographical distribution. The tree shape is beautiful and has potential ornamental value; Young branches and leaves can be used as medicine. It is distributed on both sides of the Yangtze River in Zigui, Badong and Wushan counties, with an altitude of less than 200 meters. The protected area was selected in a tree-concentrated production area in Zigui County. Chuanmingshen is the only endemic plant in China, a perennial herb and a precious medicinal material. The wild origin is Liantuo, Yiling District. Wild species distributed in shale fractures at an altitude of140m are extremely rare. The site is located downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Although it is not affected by floods, it may be damaged when building external roads or other facilities, so the protection point is located in Liantuo, Yiling District. Baiji dolphin is a cetacean freshwater dolphin, a national first-class protected animal and a rare aquatic mammal in China. It has been listed in the list of endangered species in the world, and it is distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Zhicheng, Hubei Province to the Yangtze River estuary, about 1600 km. Due to the increase or improper human activities over the years, the death of baiji has increased (including fishing gear death, river blasting, ship propeller killing and accidental entry into the sluice). After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the discharge and water depth in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River increased during the dry season, which was extremely beneficial for the baiji to overwinter. Stranding death is expected to be avoided, but due to the development of shipping in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the number of baiji killed by ship propellers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River will increase. Therefore, the Baiji Dolphin Nature Reserve will be established in Silla section of the Yangtze River, with a total area of1.35km from Luoshan to Xintankou section. The area has an open river surface, tortuous rivers and a water depth of about 25 meters, which is the most densely distributed water area of baiji at present. Acipenser sinensis belongs to ACIPENSER family, which is a national first-class protected animal and a large migratory fish. After the gonad develops to the third stage of love, the young fish will enter the Yangtze River estuary and migrate to the lower reaches of Jinsha River for mating and reproduction. The Gezhouba Project blocked the migration route of ACIPENSER sinensis from the Yangtze River estuary to the Jinsha River on June 5438+098 1. 1.00. For this reason, the State established the Institute of Artificial Breeding of Chinese Sturgeon in Yichang, and released young sturgeons to the Yangtze River regularly. By the end of 1984 to 200 1, * * * was released into the Yangtze River, reaching 4 million. The Three Gorges Project is located in the upper reaches of Gezhouba, and there is no problem of blocking the migration route of Chinese sturgeon. However, the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project in June+10 every year will reduce the flow compared with the natural flow, which may interfere with the habitat and spawning activities of Chinese sturgeon in the lower reaches of Gezhouba. 3. immigration 4. Geological disasters. National defense security.