Background information of Anne's diary

Het Achterhuis, as his first independent director's play, is located in Beijing where SARS is raging. At that time, I suddenly faced death, or 80 people were wearing white masks on the empty Wangfujing Street or in the theater, or I had to stay at home. I feel horrible. Sitting in front of the window of the 2 1 floor, I often think about the present and infinite life. This is a war without smoke. I think that the real war is nothing more than amplifying our inner fears, because I

Scientists still focus directly on sporadic wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and other countries from large to small in "peacetime". Looking across the mountain, the war continues, and countless poor people suffer in it. War has not been isolated from us because of the passage of time.

Back to the essence of life, everyone's life deserves careful examination. In fact, they all have their own secrets and dreams. But the fact is, when we are busy for survival again and again, we will give up peace and persist. Through the experience of SARS, we can clearly realize that the more advanced, exquisite and huge human society is, the more fragile it may be, just like glass products, which have a hard and gorgeous surface, but will be scattered when touched by unknown hard objects. Not only strange diseases and epidemics, but also unsafe factors are hovering.

Therefore, I have read Het Achterhuis more than once, and I want more people alive who think we can read her as if nothing happened.

Second, the background information:

In short, Het Achterhuis described the life records of people in the secret room during World War II from the perspective of a little girl. In the late World War II (1942- 1944), the war situation became more and more urgent for the German Nazis, and at the same time, they slaughtered more and more Jews. Anne Frank and her family hid in the top floor of her father's company, and the family of her father's friend Wan Daan, and then a Jewish doctor came. From July 1942, when Anne just celebrated her thirteenth birthday, eight people lived in the secret room for 25 months. During the day, they can't talk, wear shoes or do anything, including going to the toilet. Only at night can they break the taboo. They can only rely on their colleagues in their father's company to help them supply food and daily necessities and know everything about the outside world. In the long 25 months, only Anne used her pen and her dream of becoming a writer to support her to record every day's events and her own growth in the attic, and grew into a mature person with a deep understanding of life in the face of war, anti-Semitism, the relationship with parents, nature, sex, God and religion. Because suddenly in a small space, suddenly faced with the fear of being discovered every day and the fear of death, eight people with different personalities have various expressions of hope to survive. The true expression of people in the most difficult situation-the information and significance conveyed by the truth itself, can make everyone feel a suffocating profundity. Until it was finally discovered, arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps.

The Birth of Het Achterhuis is a biography compiled and published by Anne's father, the only survivor at that time, for her daughter's dream. Once published, it became popular all over the world. In the 1960s, Broadway and Hollywood in the United States introduced Anne and her works in the form of plays and movies. The play won Pulitzer Prize, new york Critics Award, Drama Stage Award and so on. This song is popular all over the world and touches people from different countries and classes. This is an incredibly rich and realistic spirit, emotion and ideal. Today, we touch her again because she just fits the psychological needs we face in our present life. Times have changed, but life still reproduces history.

The survivor in the documentary said, "In Het Achterhuis, Anne is so real and vivid that I think every word in that diary will attract you like a magnet"; "If Anne knows that she is famous, she will be very happy. I don't know if she will exchange her life "; Although she is young, she already knows how to live. ...

Third, what are we going to say today?

Most people always associate Het Achterhuis with accusing German Nazi atrocities or the growth of a little girl, but not only that, what happened in the secret room, "When the harsh environment is like a mountain on people's heads, we especially see adults immediately adjust their behavior and try their best to adapt to the environment; Or is environmental pressure used as an excuse to give up ideals and principles in this adjustment? " Just as Mr. Wan can help Mr. Frank who has just arrived in Holland in peacetime, why did he show extreme selfishness in stealing children's food in this desperate situation? This is also a question that we should think about.

And thirteen-year-old Annie? In the face of the shadow of death, her heart is always peaceful and sincere. Annie said, "I am often depressed, but I never despair." I regard this secret life as an interesting adventure, which is just the beautiful beginning of an interesting life. " When I look up at the sky, I always feel that things will get better and better, cruelty will eventually end, peace and tranquility will come again, and I will strengthen my ideals. Maybe one day I can realize all my dreams: my biggest dream is to be a reporter and eventually become a famous writer. I still firmly believe that people are kind and beautiful at heart. "

So when I was reading Het Achterhuis, I got more and more warm things to carry under the background of the Great War. For example, when Anne first came to this secret room, she would feel that "it is like an inn, a very strange summer apartment"; She will say to her sister who doesn't dance with her, "You know we are about to forget how to dance ... we forget everything as soon as we go out"; She would look out of the window on the top floor. "There is a floating house ... a boatman and his family live there ... they have a little boy who can just walk. I'm really worried that one day he will fall into the river. I always look at him ... "You will find that her life in the secret room is so rich that her sister will sincerely say," I envy you because you have something to arrange when you get up in the morning. " ..... All these cheerful and warm seeds haunt every corner, and details can be seen everywhere, which Anne brought to everyone around her. Knowing the extremely difficult situation, Anne prepared a warm gift for everyone during the festival.

At the same time, she would shout about the war: "We are still young, margot, Peter and me! You adults already have your own choices! But look at us ... if we start thinking about all the terrible things in this world, we will die. When everything … thoughts, hopes … everything is being destroyed, we should try our best to stick to an ideal. It's not our fault that the world is so chaotic. These started before we were born. "

For hunger, Anne can describe it as "an empty stomach, but purring and full of various tunes". Mr. Wan is deep and low-key, like a cello. Peter is a tenor and likes to play the flute. When we had dinner together, it seemed that an orchestra was tuning up. As long as toscanini raises his baton, we can play Wagner's Valkyria.

As for Peter's love, she can say, "I must admit, what could be more pleasant than sitting under the skylight, feeling the sunshine on your cheek and hugging a lovely boy?"

I followed Annie everywhere to find such seeds, hoping that she could warm everyone as well as me. I decided to enlarge her on the stage. I think it's more to abandon things other than fear-there is always a force that makes us cry.

I have been looking for it. One day, when I was exhausted, I finally found a firmer theme: I should continue to see the hope and beauty I created in despair, although it will eventually go to destruction.

Fourth, what should we do?

After clarifying my inner needs, I decided that the integrity of performance should be the perfect combination of realism and performance, and in a big and extremely cruel situation, I would express people's most authentic inner feelings and emotional communication between characters. Expressed freehand brushwork in a big way and realistic details. Generally speaking, we should take a realistic approach: use realistic techniques, live language, follow the logic of life, create vivid characters and pay attention to ordinary people. This should be a touching drama. -Director of the drama "Het Achterhuis"-Ji Pei

Respondent: Lan Bing Parr-Scholar Level 2 8-24 16:58.

In short, Het Achterhuis described the life records of people in the secret room during World War II from the perspective of a little girl. In the late World War II (1942- 1944), the war situation became more and more urgent for the German Nazis, and at the same time, they slaughtered more and more Jews. Anne Frank and her family hid in the top floor of her father's company, and the family of her father's friend Wan Daan, and then a Jewish doctor came. From July 1942, when Anne just celebrated her thirteenth birthday, eight people lived in the secret room for 25 months. During the day, they can't talk, wear shoes or do anything, including going to the toilet. Only at night can they break the taboo. They can only rely on their colleagues in their father's company to help them supply food and daily necessities and know everything about the outside world. In the long 25 months, only Anne used her pen and her dream of becoming a writer to support her to record every day's events and her own growth in the attic, and grew into a mature person with a deep understanding of life in the face of war, anti-Semitism, the relationship with parents, nature, sex, God and religion. Because suddenly in a small space, suddenly faced with the fear of being discovered every day and the fear of death, eight people with different personalities have various expressions of hope to survive. The true expression of people in the most difficult situation-the information and significance conveyed by the truth itself, can make everyone feel a suffocating profundity. Until it was finally discovered, arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps.

The Birth of Het Achterhuis is a biography compiled and published by Anne's father, the only survivor at that time, for her daughter's dream. Once published, it became popular all over the world. In the 1960s, Broadway and Hollywood in the United States introduced Anne and her works in the form of plays and movies. The play won Pulitzer Prize, new york Critics Award, Drama Stage Award and so on. This song is popular all over the world and touches people from different countries and classes. This is an incredibly rich and realistic spirit, emotion and ideal. Today, we touch her again because she just fits the psychological needs we face in our present life. Times have changed, but life still reproduces history.

The survivor in the documentary said, "In Het Achterhuis, Anne is so real and vivid that I think every word in that diary will attract you like a magnet"; "If Anne knows that she is famous, she will be very happy. I don't know if she will exchange her life "; Although she is young, she already knows how to live. ...

References:

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Defendant: ┝√ _ A46-probation period level 1 8-24 17:04.

Anne Frank [German]

Source: Greenland Author: Date of literary editing: 2005-10-2719:10: 21

Anne Anne Frank,/kloc-0 was born in June, 1929, and/kloc-0 died in the German Barcen concentration camp in June, 1945, three months before her/kloc-0' s birthday. Otto frank Frank's father, Anne Frank, was the only survivor of the Frank family after the Nazi terrorist attacks. He spent the rest of his life spreading his daughter's diary and died on 1980.

Het achter Huis[ Germany] Anne Frank/Hainan Publishing House 19.8 yuan.

brief Introduction of the content

A 16-year-old girl's greatest wish is to become a journalist and writer, because Hitler launched an evil war and died in a Nazi concentration camp at the age of flower season.

This diary records Anne's life and feelings when she was hiding in the secret room two years before her death. As a growing girl, she poured out her confusion and curiosity about sex in her diary. In the social environment of racial discrimination and war persecution, the secret and horrible life in the secret room, in her simple and smooth pen, deeply draws the hearts of every reader. Therefore, Het Achterhuis is not only a monologue of a growing girl's mind, but also a witness report of people's miserable life under German occupation.

order

Anne's diary was written from June of 1942 to August of 1 year. At first, she wrote this diary purely for herself. Later, one day in 1944, Gerrit Bolkestein, a member of the Dutch government in exile, announced on Radio London that he hoped to collect eyewitness reports about the miserable life of the Dutch people under German occupation after the war and make them public. He specifically mentioned letters and diaries as examples.

Anne was moved by this passage and decided to publish a book based on her diary after the war. She began to rewrite, edit and polish her diary, delete the parts that she thought were not interesting enough, and add some content through memories. At the same time, Anne kept the original diary. Anne's Diary: Critical Edition (1989) compiled by academic circles calls Anne's diary written for the first time as version A, which is different from the edited version written for the second time.

The date of the last entry in Anne's diary is 1 August 9441. 1August 4, 944, eight people hiding in the secret room were arrested by the Germans. Miep gies and Beppe Foskug, two secretaries working in the same building, found Anne's diary scattered all over the floor. Mip Chance put these pages away and hid them in the drawer on the first floor without reading them. After the war, Anne was confirmed dead, so she gave these diaries to Anne's father Otto Frank.

Otto frank considered for a long time and decided to fulfill her daughter's long-cherished wish and publish her diary. He selected materials from version A and version B, and compiled them into a shorter version, which was later called version C. Het Achterhuis, which readers all over the world have been reading, is this version.

Otto frank selected materials according to several criteria. First of all, the length must be simplified to meet the series size required by the Dutch publishing company. Secondly, Anne's words about her sex life should also be deleted. At the time when Het Achterhuis was first published, that is, 1947, it was not popular to openly write about sexual life, especially in teenagers' books. Finally, out of respect for the dead, there are some disrespects in the diary for Otto's dead wife and others in the "secret room" and they are not published. Anne began to keep a diary at the age of thirteen and stopped writing at the age of fifteen. She spoke frankly about all her likes and dislikes.

Otto frank died in 1980. His last words gave his daughter's diary manuscript to the Dutch National War Archives in Amsterdam. Since the publication of these diaries, their authenticity has been questioned. The Institute of War Archives ordered a thorough investigation and published the full text of the diary and a detailed investigation report. This review not only includes three versions: A, B and C, but also includes the background information of the Frank family, the whole story of the family's arrest and distribution, and Anne's handwriting research and the materials used in handwriting research.

Otto frank's legacy is inherited by the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, which also owns the copyright of his daughter. The association later decided to launch an updated version of the diary for ordinary readers. Countless readers have studied Het Achterhuis. This book was originally compiled by otto frank. Our new edition has not lost the beauty of the old one. Writer and translator MlirjamPressler edited and updated the new edition, taking materials from Anne's A and B editions to supplement Otto Frank's content. This edition was approved by the Anne Frank Foundation, and its content increased by about 30%, hoping to let readers know more about Anne's inner world.

When Anne wrote the second edition (B edition) of her diary, she used a pseudonym. She originally wanted to call herself AnneAulis, but later she wanted to call herself AnneRobin. Otto used his real name for his family, and the other names were according to Anne's wishes. Over the years, everyone has known the real names of several people who helped their families in the "Secret Room", so we used their real names in this version, because it is time for them to take credit for their real names. As for other characters, they still use pseudonyms in their comments. For those who don't want to be exposed, we use the initials given by the War Archives Research Institute.

Readers may want to remember that many of our new editions are based on version B written by Anne 15. Annie sometimes goes back and writes some comments as a diary. These comments are clearly marked in a font different from the main text. Annie's mistakes in spelling and other words are also corrected by us. In addition, the text in this edition is faithful to Anne's original work, because it is a historical record, so it is not appropriate to make a fuss and clarify it.

postscript

1August 4, 944, from about 10 to 10: 30, a car stopped in front of No.263, Gracht Street, Plinson City, and several people got off: Nazi SS sergeant Carl Joseph silber Bauer in full uniform and at least three Dutch security policemen, all armed and dressed in plain clothes. Someone must have tipped them off.

They arrested all the people hiding in the secret room, as well as Victor Geller and John Clemens who helped them (Mip Chance and Bep were not caught) and searched valuables and cash, all of which were confiscated.

Cugler and Clemen were arrested and sent to a prison in Amsterdam. In September 1944, 1 1, they were transferred to a concentration camp in Amosford, the Netherlands, without trial. Clemen was released in September 1944 due to poor health. He lived in Amsterdam from then on and died in 1959.

On March 28th, when Cugler 1945 was sent to Germany for forced labor, he escaped with several prisoners. /kloc-0 immigrated to Canada in 1955, and/kloc-0 died in Toronto in 1989.

Bepp) Forskujir Vijak died in Amsterdam on 1983.

Mip Santroziz Gith still lives in Amsterdam; Her husband Zhan died on 1993.

After being arrested, eight people in the secret room were immediately sent to a prison in Amsterdam, and then transferred to Westerbork, a Jewish transit station in northern Netherlands. Three days later, he was sent to Auschwitz (Poland).

According to otto frank's testimony, Herman Van Pailes (Fan Dan) was sent to the gas chamber of Auschwitz in June 5438+0944 10 or June 5438+0 10, just before the gas chamber was demolished.

August Van Pailes (played by Peter Launila Fan Dan) was transferred from Auschwitz to Bergen Balcen, then to Buchenwald. 1945 was sent to Treschen City on April 9, and then apparently transferred to another concentration camp. To be sure, she did not survive, but the date of death is unknown.

Peter Van Pailes (Fan Dan) 1945 65438+ 10/0/6 was forced to participate in the "Death March" from Auschwitz to Marterhausen (Austria), and died in Marterhausen on May 5, 1945.

Faivre was transferred from Buchenwald or Saxon Hausen to the New Ngam concentration camp and died in the concentration camp on February 20th, 1944.

Edith Frank1945 65438+1October 6th, died of fatigue and hunger in Auschwitz-Birkenau.

At the end of that year 10, Magog and Anne Frank were exiled from Auschwitz to Bergen Barzen concentration camp near Hankou. From 1944 to 1945, typhus broke out due to poor sanitary conditions, and thousands of prisoners, including Margo, died. A few days later, Anne was inevitable. Presumably, she died in late February or early March. The bodies of two young girls may have been dumped in a mass grave in Balzen, Bergen. This concentration camp 1945 was liberated by the British army in April 12.

1On September 3rd, 944, the last Jews in Westpoc left the concentration camp. Among them, only otto frank walked out of the concentration camp alive. After being liberated by the Russian army, Oshivi was sent back to Amsterdam via Odessa and Marseille. He arrived in Amsterdam on June 3rd, 1945, lived here until 1953, and then moved to Basel, Switzerland to meet the family of one of his sisters. Later, one of his brothers also came to live here. He later married Alfred Kyle Weitz Geiringer, who originally lived in Vienna and went to Auschwitz, and her husband and son were killed in Mauthausen. Otto frank died on August 9th, 1980. She lived in Perth Feilden, a suburb of Basel, where she devoted herself to spreading her daughter's diary to people all over the world.

Het Achterhuis: Recording the sufferings of Jews in World War II.

May 27th, 2005 07:57:20 Source: China Youth Daily.

"1942, 10/0. On 9 October, many of our Jewish friends were taken away collectively, and the Gestapo transported them to the Westerbork concentration camp by trucks carrying livestock. We believe that most of them will be killed. ...

"1February 3, 944, I have reached the critical point of ignoring life and death. Without me, the earth would run as usual. ...

"1944 July 15, this is really a miracle. Up to now, I still insist on my belief that although people are absurd and flawed, I firmly believe that the deepest part of people's hearts is really kind and beautiful ... "

When Hans Westera, curator of Anne's former residence museum, opened Het Achterhuis for reporters, Anne, a Jewish girl of 13 years old, had a real and tragic historical picture with her fear of the Gestapo, despair of hiding life and naive fantasy of the world.

Like other people who tell Anne's story, Hans tells this historical story: "Anne Frank was a Jewish girl who first lived in Frankfurt. After the rise of the Nazis, she and her family took refuge in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. In June 1942, 12, 13-year-old Anne received a diary as a birthday present and began to write a diary. "

On July 6 of the same year, due to the urgent news of persecution of Jews, her family and friends ***8 Jews hid in the secret room of her father's company and began a dark life for 25 months.

Hans said, "Although Anne hid in the secret room, what she recorded in her diary was mostly what happened outside." She described how Jews were brutally persecuted and slaughtered by German Nazis. She wrote about the embarrassment of life during her refuge, described the fear caused by the Amsterdam bombings many times, and constantly condemned racial discrimination, while her daily life in hiding was full of horror.

On the other hand, Het Achterhuis also showed people how little Anne, as a growing girl, faced with war and racial persecution, grew and positioned herself and sought freedom. These ordinary and true historical records, accompanied by the ups and downs of the hero's mood, are enough to shock people and make people sing, so they can deeply impress and attract many readers in the world.

Hans said Anne created a virtual friend named Katie. Every day, Anne writes to Kitty, telling her how she feels and what happened around her. 1944 in March, the Dutch government in exile in London called on the Dutch people to keep a diary through radio. After the war, these diaries can be published as precious historical materials. After hearing the news, Anne decided to sort out and rewrite her diary, dreaming that it would be published in public one day.

After hiding for 25 months, Anne's family was betrayed in August 1944. Among the eight hidden Jews, only Anne's father Ott survived. After the war, he saw Anne's diary written so beautifully that he decided to translate it and read it to his mother in Switzerland, Anne's grandmother. Otto showed the contents of the diary to his friends, who thought it should be published. After the war, from 65438 to 0947, this diary was edited and published in the Netherlands, and was later called Het Achterhuis by later generations. Het Achterhuis was subsequently published in France and the United States, and caused a sensation in the local area. Hans said, 1955, people made Het Achterhuis into a play. 1959, Hollywood put this story on the screen. Up to now, Het Achterhuis has been translated into 65 languages, and more than 30 million copies have been published all over the world, including the Chinese version.

Hans also told reporters about the ups and downs of Anne's former residence. After World War II, Anne's secret room was deserted and dilapidated. 1955, a Dutch company applied to build an office building here. Amsterdam people were very angry when they heard the news. They spontaneously set up an "Action Committee" and found the mayor of Amsterdam. Some powerful entrepreneurs also expressed their willingness to set up a foundation to transform Anne's secret room site into a museum. 1960, Anne's former residence museum was established.

Hans said that Anne Museum is a very small museum. Before the museum opened 10, few people visited the European continent, and the main visitors came from Britain, the United States and those countries that were not occupied by the Nazis. Because they have never experienced the Holocaust, they hope to learn some past history through Het Achterhuis.

1974, when Hans came to work in the museum, there were about 200 thousand tourists every year. It has been nearly 30 years since the end of World War II. The board of directors of Anne Museum thinks that people's interest in World War II will gradually decrease with the passage of time, so it decides to close Anne's former residence museum after 10 to 15.

But a miracle happened, and people did not forget history because World War II was far away. On the contrary, more and more people come here to visit. The Anne Museum was spared the fate of being closed. Hans said that in 2004 alone, the total number of tourists reached 936,000. So far this year, the number of tourists has exceeded the same period last year. For the convenience of tourists, the museum has to decide to extend its daily opening hours to 12 hours, from 9 am to 9 pm.

Today, Anne has become a "world label", symbolizing the victims of Nazi Germany, even the victims of religious persecution and tyranny. Hans said: "When people talk about that history, they will talk about the Holocaust and Anne."

Before World War II, there were about 80,000 Jews living in Amsterdam, and almost no one could escape the fate of being slaughtered. Anne Museum has become the most authentic witness of Amsterdam's history.

Someone once questioned the authenticity of Het Achterhuis. In order to prove this history, the Dutch government organized an investigation Committee to conduct textual research. After investigation and textual research, the Committee formed a thick investigation report of hundreds of thousands of words. A lot of evidence shows that the authenticity of Het Achterhuis is beyond doubt.

Hans told reporters that Het Achterhuis is not a compulsory course for Dutch primary school students, but in most Dutch primary schools, the school will organize children to discuss history and World War II. In the process of mutual communication, children's interest in reading history books and Het Achterhuis has greatly increased? %F