Are there any Hakka minorities in China? Where is it distributed?

Hakkas are not a nation, but belong to the Han nationality. None of the 56 ethnic groups in China has a Hakka family. It is a Han nationality with remarkable characteristics, and it is also one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching nationalities in the world. It is distributed in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan Province, Hainan, Fujian and some counties in Hong Kong, such as Meizhou, Heyuan and Huiyang, and it is distributed in more than 20 counties in/kloc-0. Hakka, called "Hakka" for short, is an important and special branch of the Chinese nation.

The ancestors of Hakkas are Han Chinese living in the Yellow River valley of the Central Plains, with orthodox gentry lineage in the Central Plains. In the past two thousand years, due to the invasion, war and relocation of different ethnic groups in the north, this group of Han people in the Central Plains gradually moved south, finally settled in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, and then spread to Sichuan and Guangxi. Compared with local residents, they are guests, so they are called "Hakkas". Hakka is the English name of Hakka. This internationally recognized spelling method comes from the dialect pronunciation of Hakka dialect. (pronounced "Haga")

According to historical records, there were several large-scale migrations of Central Plains people to the south in ancient times. The first time was in 223 BC, when hundreds of thousands of troops of Qin Shihuang conquered Chu. In order to strengthen the control over the vast area in southern China, 500,000 soldiers were stationed in Lingnan area. This is the biggest political migration event caused by military expansion and border defense in history, which caused a considerable number of population movements in Hakka areas in eastern, western and northern Guangdong. The second time occurred in Yongjia Rebellion at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and the so-called "Five Rebellions in China" which lasted for a hundred years. The people of the Central Plains moved south on a large scale, including the political group of the former well-dressed family in the Central Plains. This high tide of emigration in the history of China has created the cross-sea system and the Hunan-Jiangxi system, which later became an important branch of Hakka dialect. The third time was caused by the "An Shi Rebellion" in the middle Tang Dynasty, the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty and the turmoil in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. Among them, the Anshi Rebellion not only caused Zhongyuan people to move south to Zhejiang, but also caused many Zhongyuan people to move to relatively peaceful and peaceful southern countries, namely Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and other places.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing went south, Jingkang changed, and the Song Dynasty moved south. Then the Yuan Army went south and the Southern Song Dynasty perished, which formed another climax of the Han people's southward migration in the history of China. Wen Tianxiang's resistance to Yuan Dynasty was mainly in Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian, which greatly promoted the formation of Hakka clans. Since then, Manchu people have entered China, and Hakka people have been forced to wander around after failing to resist the Qing soldiers going south. During the Yongzheng period, "moving lakes to fill Sichuan" made a large number of Hakkas enter Guangxi and Sichuan. Since the modern century or two, the number of Hakkas who have emigrated overseas has gradually increased. Many immigrated to Southeast Asia, East Africa, Europe (such as Holland, Britain, France ...) and South America (Brazil, etc.). ), Canada, the United States and so on. Of China's population of 654.38+0.2 billion, 7% are exact Hakkas or their descendants. More Hakkas settled along the way, but most of them have been assimilated by local residents and lost their characteristics. Hakka people have maintained a considerable pre-Qin (about 2,200 years ago) cultural characteristics in language expression, customs and diet. In addition, the long-term migration life has also honed the perseverance and hard-working character of Hakkas, who not only adhere to the tradition, but also dare to take risks and open up new opportunities.