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El Salvador

Country name: The Republic of El Salvador (The Republic of El Salvador)

Independence Day: September 15 (1821)

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National Day: September 15 (1821)

Flag: horizontal rectangle, with a length-to-width ratio of 9:5. From top to bottom, it is composed of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles of blue, white and blue. The national emblem is painted in the center of the white part. Because El Salvador was a member of the former Central American Federation, the colors of its flag are the same as those of the former Central American Federation. Blue symbolizes the blue sky and ocean, and white symbolizes peace.

National emblem: round. In the middle is an equilateral triangle with three sides in golden color, symbolizing equality, truth, and justice. There are five peaks at the bottom of the triangle, representing the five member states that formed the original Central American Federation; the blue part under the mountains symbolizes the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. There is a pole erected on the top of the mountain. There is a red "Liberty Hat" on the pole, surrounded by golden light and the Spanish "September 15, 1821, Liberty", symbolizing the pursuit of freedom and liberation. There are red, yellow, and blue rainbows in the upper corners of the triangle, symbolizing joy and hope. Behind the triangle are five Salvadoran flags, with the words "God, Unity, Freedom" written on the lower ribbon. The above-mentioned pattern is surrounded by laurel branches and leaves symbolizing victory, and the words around the circle are "Central America, the Republic of El Salvador".

National dignitaries: President Elias Antonio Saca, sworn in on June 1, 2004.

Physical geography: Territory area is 20,720 square kilometers. Located in northern Central America. It borders Honduras to the east and north, the Pacific Ocean to the south, and Guatemala to the west and northwest.

Population: 6.1 million (estimated in 1998), of which Indo-Europeans account for 89%, Indians 10%, and whites 1%. Spanish is the official language. Most of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Capital: San Salvador (San Salvador)

Brief history: It was originally the residence of the Mayan Indians. It became a Spanish colony in 1524. Independence was declared on September 15, 1821. Later it became part of the Mexican Empire. The empire collapsed in 1823, and El Salvador joined the Central American Federation. After the disintegration of the Federation in 1838, the Republic of Korea was proclaimed on February 18, 1841. The armed conflict broke out in El Salvador in 1980 and ended in January 1992. During the 12 years of war, 75,000 people died in this small Central American country with a population of just over 5 million.

Politics: The National Assembly is the national legislative body. According to the 1983 Constitution, the President is the head of state and head of government. The president is elected by popular suffrage nationwide. If none of the presidential candidates participating in the election receives a majority of votes, the parliament is responsible for electing the president. The Council of Ministers is the administrative body of the government. The President, assisted by the Vice President and the Council of Ministers, controls the executive power of the country.

Diplomacy: Advocates for peaceful coexistence among countries, self-determination of peoples of various countries, and peaceful settlement of international disputes. Pay attention to developing relations with the United States and Central American neighbors. Support South-South cooperation.

Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia

English name: Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia

Number: 777-003

Related Link: http://www.unesco.org/whc/sites/309.htm

In 1985, it was included in the World Heritage List according to the World Cultural Heritage Selection Criteria C (IV) (VI)

World Heritage Committee evaluation:

From 1549 to 1763, Salvador was the first capital of Brazil. It witnessed the fusion of European, African and American cultures.

It also became the first slave market in the New World as slaves arrived in El Salvador in 1558 to work on the sugar plantations. The city has been planned to preserve many famous typical buildings of the Renaissance. The Old Town is characterized by bright, high-quality ashram decorated with colorful houses.

Introduction:

The ancient city of Salvador in Bahia is located in All Saints Bay in Salvador, the capital of Bahia state in eastern Brazil. The ancient city was founded in 1549, and the first churches were built by Jesus priests in 1549. Salvador was the capital of Brazil until 1763.

The ancient city of El Salvador was once one of the main centers of the African slave trade during the colonial period. In 1558, the first African slaves arrived here and engaged in sugar cane cultivation. Until the mid-eighteenth century, this port in El Salvador became Portugal's main trading center; this port was located on the triangular trade channel between Africa, Brazil, and Europe. Many European immigrants settled in the city.

In the seventeenth century, when Portugal was still under Spanish rule, El Salvador was frequently raided by the Dutch. To defend the city, many forts were built. In 1625, the city came under Portuguese rule again.

The ancient city was built on a peninsula that juts into the Atlantic Ocean, occupying the end of a mountainous island, with a steep slope dividing it into the upper city and the lower city (upper and lower cities). , which can be reached via a lift or climbed up on foot. The remaining walls along the steep slope are arched. The upper city overlooks the activities of people in the city below. The upper town has a collection of Baroque buildings and many small squares, public buildings, residences and gardens. They are simple and elegant, and are better maintained than the lower city. The streets here are numerous and narrow, with various patterns on the road paved with black and white stones; the lower city has the Modelo Market near the port, where the houses and people's activities It revolves around ports and commerce. Slave trading activities were once very popular here, and now it is an extremely bustling and lively handicraft market.

There are a large number of sixteenth-century buildings in El Salvador, and they are religious buildings. Many of them are decorated with carvings from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and there are many stripes made of colored mud. Reflects the characteristics of the colonial period. Its overall character is described by a dense array of monuments and a consistent vision. All this to say that El Salvador is a famous example of a city whose structure lends itself to a colony.

There are also buildings and residences of different styles built in the next two centuries. The city of Salvador was an important intersection of civilizations in Europe, Africa and North America from the 16th to the 18th century. It is also a model of the successful transplantation of Renaissance urban architecture into a colonial city.

There are more than 160 churches here (another information: "There are 76 churches in the urban area"), making it the city with the most churches in Latin America. There are Gothic churches with crisp lines and tall shapes; there are Baroque churches with undulating and dynamic lines, luxurious and rich; the largest church is Vasilia Church; the oldest is Matrice Our Lady of Concei??o Church; In 1549, the most gorgeous church of St. Francis of Assisi was decorated with 300 kilograms of gold and 80 kilograms of silver. This church is now a religious art gallery, displaying many historical relics to visitors. , mostly Catholic artworks.

There are more than 3,000 ancient buildings scattered in the Pelourinho, San Antonio and Sodre districts of the ancient city of Salvador. Among them, the one that best reflects the style of the ancient city is the Pelourinho district. It is the largest building complex built in Latin America during the European colonial rule. Many buildings have the ancient Portuguese architectural style.

In addition, El Salvador is also the starting point for Brazil’s domestic mining adventures.