Advantages and disadvantages of Korean welfare system [welfare system that immigrants can enjoy in Korea]

Korea Immigration Network authoritatively publishes the welfare system that immigrants can enjoy in Korea. For more information about the welfare system that immigrants can enjoy in Korea, please visit the Korean Immigration Network. Introduction After handling Korean immigrants, we must first understand the welfare system in Korea. The welfare and social security systems in Korea were established in different historical periods. Generally speaking, it has not been established for a long time, and it can be said that it has just started.

First, the development of social security system in Korea

South Korea's social security system is generally divided into three parts: social insurance, public relief and social welfare services, with social insurance as the center and medical security and income security as the main purposes of social security.

Since 1960s, the development of social security system in Korea can be divided into three stages, namely, social welfare in 1960s, social relief in 1970s and social insurance in 1980s.

Second, the social insurance structure and system.

At present, social insurance in Korea includes: annuity insurance, medical insurance, industrial disaster compensation insurance and employment insurance. Since 1960s, relevant laws have been promulgated successively, including: Civil Servant Pension Law (1962), Military Pension Law (1963), Private School Staff Pension Law (1974) and National Welfare Pension Law (1973).

Three. Public relief

Public relief is different from social insurance. It does not pay insurance premiums, but uses state treasury funds to protect the lives of low-income groups or save themselves. According to the statistics of Korea Development Research Institute, in 1965, the absolute poverty population in Korea accounted for 40.9% of the total population in China, including 54.9% in urban areas and 35.8% in rural areas. It took 79 billion won to reach the poverty line, equivalent to 9.8% of the gross national product in that year, while the living security expenditure in that year was only 2 billion won. From 65438 to 0984, the number of absolute poor households still reached 2.2 million, accounting for more than 5% of the total population.

South Korea's public relief includes living security, meritorious personnel allowance and disaster and disaster relief.

Four. Social welfare service

Since 1960s, the welfare service in Korea has changed from the relief stage of "emergency relief" and "facility accommodation" to the social welfare service period. 196 1 year, child welfare law, orphan adoption special case law, orphan guardian law, sex change prevention law and rehabilitation protection law were promulgated one after another. However, the government's concern for welfare began with the establishment of 1968 Social Security Review Committee. The Committee conducted in-depth research on the long-term planning of social development and social security. Since then, the term "social welfare undertaking" has appeared in Korean law for the first time, and it has changed from helping the poor and distributing relief materials to providing economic support and various services to the poor. However, although 1970 promulgated the Social Welfare Law, the government failed to establish a welfare service system due to financial reasons, and the work was mainly carried out by private social welfare legal persons.

After the 1980s, the unfair distribution caused by the policy of "growth first and distribution later" has become a social problem, which cannot but attract the attention of the government. Therefore, the Law on Life Protection (1982) and its implementing decree (1983) were completely revised. Moreover, in 198 1, the Welfare Law for the Physically and Mentally Disabled and the Welfare Law for the Elderly were enacted, and the Children's Welfare Law and the Social Welfare Enterprise Law were revised, which laid a legal foundation for welfare services. According to the provisions of the Social Welfare Law, the "Social Welfare Law" (1, Level 2, Level 3) has been established, and the social welfare agreement will also become a statutory institution to realize the specialization of welfare services and the organization of welfare institutions and groups.

At the end of 1980s, South Korea's per capita GNP exceeded $4,000. During the distribution period after the first growth, no one who benefited from economic growth asked for a better life. In addition, demographic changes, smaller families and women's participation in the work all require social welfare. Under such circumstances, the government began to attach importance to social welfare, and formulated the Law on Maternal and Child Welfare (1989) and the Law on Infant Care (199 1 year), and revised the Law on Welfare for the Disabled (1989) and the Law on Welfare for the Elderly. Especially in 1987, cities, towns and caves all over the country were equipped with special personnel to take charge of social welfare, and social welfare museums and family welfare service centers were merged into regional welfare centers, and their clients were also expanding to serve the general community.

Social welfare services are the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (Social Bureau, Family Welfare Bureau) and managed by local organizations of the Ministry of Interior-cities, roads, cities, districts and counties-cities, towns and caves. The funds are provided by the state treasury and local government subsidies.

The object of welfare for the elderly is the elderly over 65 who have no annuity. 1995 has 2.54 million people, accounting for 5.7% of the total population, and will continue to increase in the future. At present, the welfare of the elderly mainly includes the establishment of welfare facilities for the elderly (elderly facilities, elderly convalescent facilities, elderly welfare clubs, etc.). ), preferential treatment for the elderly (reducing public expenditure) and organizing the re-employment of the elderly. 1995, there were 146 welfare facilities for the elderly, accommodating 8,396 people, accounting for 0.3% of the total elderly population. 146 institutions, including 84 free facilities for the aged, accommodating 4,806 people; There are 4/kloc-0 nursing facilities for the elderly, accommodating 2784 people; There are 2/kloc-0 paid facilities for the elderly, which can accommodate 806 people. In the future, it is planned to encourage large enterprise groups to invest in old-age facilities and set up fee-based nursing homes, and the government will give preferential treatment such as tax reduction to this investment.

Welfare for the disabled was put on the agenda only after 1988 Paralympic Games. There are more than 1 10,000 disabled people in Korea, accounting for 2.5% of the total population. There are three welfare laws for the disabled: the Welfare Law for the Disabled, the Employment Promotion Law for the Disabled, and the Revitalization Law for Special Education. There are welfare facilities and special schools. In Korea, the welfare of the disabled is not only a matter of funds, but also a matter of national consciousness. It is necessary to arouse people's concern for the disabled so that they can lead a normal life. 1990, the government set up an industrial zone to arrange employment for the disabled, and stipulated that enterprises with more than 500 employees must recruit 3% of the disabled, or they will be fined. At present, this regulation is not well implemented, and some enterprises would rather impose fines than recruit disabled people.

Child welfare refers to the year when orphans under the age of 18 and their protectors are unable or unfit to raise them. Children's welfare is mainly through child protection facilities, such as children's consulting offices, baby facilities, children's facilities and vocational consulting facilities. In order to investigate and study issues related to child welfare, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs has set up a central committee for child welfare and local committees for child welfare in various provinces and cities. Moreover, in order to guide children's welfare work, there are children's welfare instructors in cities and provinces, and children's committees in cities, cities and counties.

Women's welfare refers to the welfare and education for widows, unmarried mothers, poor maternal and child families and young women who have lost their feet. Women's welfare is mainly through women's welfare facilities, such as women's consultation offices, maternal and child protection facilities, women's vocational consultation facilities, women's clubs and so on. And support, guidance and enlightenment for those who slip.

The protection of vagrants is mainly shelter and vocational training.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) establishes a Korean-style social welfare system.

South Korea has not implemented the social welfare system for a long time, and it is still in its infancy. What kind of social welfare model is very important. At present, some countries that implement the welfare system spend too much on social welfare and fall into financial crisis, and some countries have to reduce or even cancel their welfare commitments. The main reason is that social welfare expenditure is out of touch with economic growth, and social welfare does not help to cultivate the potential of economic growth. South Korea should learn from more welfare countries. Establish a new social welfare system in line with China's national conditions. The concept of "Korean-style welfare economic model" is put forward, which balances the characteristics of welfare state and Korean society. Its basic features are as follows:

1, the balance between social welfare and economic growth.

2. Do a good job in basic protection. Basic income security, basic medical security, basic education security and basic housing security are the basic requirements of people's lives, and the government should do these four basic guarantees well.

3. Coordination and balance of interests.

4. Cumulative labor policy.

5. Establish a "family society".

South Korea has a long tradition of farming society, and the custom of mutual assistance in farming and in the whole village still exists in today's society. Therefore, the Korean-style welfare state should advocate the same family, the same regional society, the same enterprise and the same country.

The model of balanced welfare and growth is combined with the Korean family tradition, and a "family-style society" is realized by taking care of the family rather than the western European way centered on facilities. This is the social welfare model in Korea. Of course, with the development of modernization and internationalization, economic structure, income structure, employment structure, family structure and people's concept of life will change. Whether the Korean social welfare model characterized by "unified communication room" can be realized still needs to be tested in development and practice.