How did the Ming Dynasty lose its toes?

There are several reasons why the Ming Dynasty failed to occupy Vietnam:

1, temperature.

Whether China people can conquer a place depends mainly on the number of Han Chinese. Cotton and cotton cloth made great contributions to the Northeast becoming the territory of China in the Ming Dynasty. Only when the Han people survive the cold winter can they completely occupy a territory. The reason why Vietnam was not occupied was that it was too hot.

2. Terrain.

For the Mongolian plateau, the flat terrain is conducive to the opponents (ethnic minorities) to maneuver, while Vietnam is too complicated to maneuver by itself. The Changshan Mountains divide Vietnam into mountains and plains, with mountains in the west and plains in the east. For Vietnamese, if there is no food, they will rob in the east, and after the robbery, they will go to the mountains to escape, which will inevitably make it impossible for Han immigrants to survive in the local area. In this way, no matter how strong I am, I can't completely destroy the local people.

In this narrow strip, it is easy for local indigenous people to attack from the mountains in the west, but due to the lack of sufficient strategic depth in the east-west direction, it is difficult for the Huaxia people to stand here for a long time. In addition, the plains and hilly areas in the south are also concentrated agricultural areas, which can provide sufficient material security for indigenous people. These factors are similar to those of the Korean peninsula.

3. Time.

In fact, in China in the classical period, if the Yuan Dynasty was regarded as the new moon of China, then the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was formally incorporated into the core area of China at that time, that is, 800 years ago. However, it took 800 years to really digest the whole Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, and it was not basically completed until the late Qing Dynasty.

The core of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in the late Qing Dynasty was the Hakka in Guangxi, and the contradiction between Hakka and Tujia was still quite fierce at that time. It can be seen that the assimilation of aborigines by Han subjects runs through the history of China.

Therefore, in another thousand years, the Han nationality may gradually assimilate all ethnic groups in zhina, but the Anglo-Saxons did not give it to the Han nationality this time. ....

4. Population pressure

My population in Daming is 80 million, not more than 654.38+0 billion. There is enough land in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. When the population increased by 400 million in the late Qing Dynasty (due to the high yield of crops), the areas originally defined as strategic buffer zones (Northeast China, Northwest China and Indochina Peninsula) had to be turned into core living areas.

5. Economy

In the Ming Dynasty, the cashier in Vietnam was 72,000 taels a year, and the garrison cost was 3 million taels. If the loss outweighs the gain, it will naturally be impossible to possess it. Spend 70 thousand to earn 3 million, see if you can take it!