Old watches in Jiangxi and other places.

The old cousin is the name of Jiangxi people for their fellow villagers in the same province. It has a certain sense of intimacy and is also called "old cousin". Cousin Jiangxi has also become a kind name for Jiangxi people from other provinces. In addition, some people who immigrated from Jiangxi to other provinces from Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times also kept the title of "old cousin", such as Hunan and northern Fujian. At present, there is no recognized view on the origin of the word "Jiangxi cousin", and opinions vary:

1. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, many areas in eastern Hunan were deserted due to war, and a large number of Jiangxi people moved to Hunan. Later, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Jiangxi people moved in, and even nine out of ten households in some places came from Jiangxi. When these descendants of Jiangxi people who moved to Hunan returned to Jiangxi to pay homage to their ancestral graves, they liked to call local Jiangxi people cousins, meaning cousins. This is the legend of Guan Hu Guang in Jiangxi, and it is also the most popular statement about the origin of the word Lao Biao.

2. Zhu Yuanzhang was killed and saved when he was not an emperor. In order to repay the kindness of Jiangxi people, he promised that if he won the world, Jiangxi people could directly find him in the name of an old cousin.

3. Originated in the Hakka area in southern Jiangxi, Cantonese who moved from eastern Guangdong called the local people "old cousins" (because both places are Hakka), and later spread to the whole of Jiangxi, becoming another name for "hometown".

4. Taoism and geomantic omen have prevailed in Jiangxi since ancient times. People in nearby provinces like to invite Mr. Feng Shui from Jiangxi to see Feng Shui. As a feng shui master, the dial is a necessity, and mainlanders call these Jiangxi feng shui with old watches. Over time, it is also used to address all Jiangxi people.

Jiangxi people's favor for "Lao Biao" has a long history, and the earliest statement may be traced back to the totem era. According to the examination, "table" refers to the old wood, such as "Twelve Years of Gong Xuan": "The body will be collected under the wood tomorrow." Du Note: "Table refers to wood." However, the excavation of Wucheng site in Qingjiang River reveals that there are "hundreds of column holes of different sizes, mostly arranged in rows or staggered" in the laterite altar in Shang Dynasty. This is obviously the primitive fetishism totem pole belief of Dongyi ethnic group in the Jianghuai valley and the extension area of the south of the Yangtze River. From the middle of Shang Dynasty to the end of Warring States Period, Lao Biao was recorded in writing. Therefore, "Lao Biao" is the vernacular expression of totem list, and it is the memory residue of totem impression of Jiangxi ethnic group. Although such totem tracing can push forward the origin of "Lao Biao", after all, it involves many ancient documents and historical research, and few people can understand and accept it. Ordinary people are more inclined to understand "cousin" as a cousin according to today's way of thinking. But is it the cousin of Jiangxi province or the cousin relationship between Jiangxi and neighboring provinces? Legend has it that there are two flowers, one for each table.

Some people say that the name "Lao Biao" was spontaneously initiated by Hakka people in Jiangxi to adapt to the unfamiliar living environment. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people in the Central Plains have been relegated, stationed, or looking for new living space, and moved south. Most of them settled in the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, which are heavily blocked by Guanshan. The aborigines call themselves "sitting tigers", while the Hakkas (that is, the Han people in the Central Plains) are called "mountain tigers". The natives fight for the mountains, and the two tigers are fierce. Hakkas of different nationalities, surnames and clans cleverly use the name "cousin" to strengthen their feelings with other Hakkas, so as to achieve the goal of uniting hand in hand, sharing weal and woe. Over time, "old cousin" has become a common practice and has become a kind name for Hakka people in Jiangxi to enhance friendship and establish new interpersonal relationships.

Another statement is also about migration, but not moving into Jiangxi, but moving out of Jiangxi. "Old cousin" is a nickname given to Jiangxi ancestors by neighboring provinces. I am afraid that the historical reason is that Jiangxi has not been included in the national political map for a long time. After the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou, Fujian and other provinces were included, and their geographical positions gradually emerged. However, agriculture is still the main industry. Because the population was saturated prematurely, most people in Jiangxi traveled around and cultivated, mostly in the hinterland. Fujian people think that only they can call Jiangxi people "old cousins"; Cantonese people also think that they are cousins with Jiangxi people; There is a legend in Hubei, that is, Hubei people were killed that year, and then handed down by three brothers in Jiangxi, and there is still a ancestral temple to commemorate these three brothers. More people have to start from Hunan. In Mr. Zou Huaheng's Hunan Genealogy, he said: "Most of the ancestors who moved to Hunan came from Jiangxi. In the genealogy of Hunan, when describing the origin, more than 60% of the genealogies claim that their ancestors moved from Jiangxi during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially from Taihe, Luling and Jishui in Ji 'an, Jiangxi, Fengcheng and Nanchang in Nanchang. ..... Years of wars at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty made rural areas in most parts of Hunan desolate, Lushe was in ruins, and a large number of original residents were scattered. Subsequently, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, and especially Jiangxi people poured into Hunan in large numbers ... Folk songs circulated the saying that "Jiangxi fills the lake". Now when people in Hunan talk about Jiangxi people, they often call them Jiangxi cousins. The author doesn't know what they mean. In view of the historical origin of Hunan people, they misinterpreted it as: ideograph means cousin, which means that children born to fathers and sisters, brothers and sisters are called cousins; Ancestors are also called. Cousins are ancestors' cousins, and' Jiangxi cousins' refer to the ancestors' cousins in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, which is another name for Jiangxi people from Hunan. "

In addition, there are some statements that are not recognized by the public, but they are also quite interesting. Here are one or two examples for readers.

Gannan is the birthplace of geomantic culture. Hakka people in Gannan believe in geomantic omen, and it is also recorded in the local chronicles: "Talking about geomantic omen, there are many reburied people on the Qingming Winter Solstice." "People believe in Feng Shui, often after burying for more than ten years, they try their luck at acupoints with their eyes open." At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong took refuge in Gannan and founded the Feng Shui School of Situation. Some people judge from these historical facts that the ancestors of Jiangxi believed in Feng Shui. At the same time, in order to easily grasp the direction in the migration, Jiangxi people love to carry a watch with them, that is, the ancient compass, so they are called "old watches" by foreigners.

There is a more mysterious story, related to Zhang Tianshi. As we all know, Zhang Tianshi is good at scribing, that is, scribing and mounting. He once occupied the world for 37 years, but the people were troubled. It was the king who gave the order, and the emperor of three yuan, three products and three officials came down to see the good and evil in the world and passed it on to others, thus avoiding a disaster. If you copy one to avoid a family disaster, copy ten to avoid a family disaster. "His Fu Biao was appreciated by the emperor, and it was circulated among the people as" Jiangxi Lao Biao ",which was later alienated into" Lao Biao ".

However, it was Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who spread the word "old cousin". There is a story in the Ming Dynasty about Zhu Yuanzhang and Hanwang Chen Youliang fighting in Jiangxi. Chen Youliang was the leader of another uprising. At the beginning of the war, Chen Youliang dispatched dozens of huge ships, almost beating Zhu Yuanzhang out of the water. Zhu Yuanzhang, with his beaten army, was desperate and fled for his life. Zhu Yuanzhang himself was hit by several arrows and was seriously injured. Because the local villagers helped him heal in time, Zhu Yuanzhang recovered quickly and finally made a comeback, defeating Chen Youliang, which laid a solid foundation for unifying the whole country and establishing the Ming Dynasty. In order to thank the villagers in Jiangxi, Zhu Yuanzhang promised to treat them as "Jiangxi cousins" if they made a fortune in the future. Sure enough, a few years after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, Jiangxi was flooded for years, and the people were struggling with hunger and cold. The villagers remembered Zhu Yuanzhang's promise, so they really went to Yingtianfu to find the emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang met with Jiangxi's cousin, asked why, and allocated a lot of money and food to help Jiangxi victims. Since then, "Jiangxi Old Dining Table" has spread all over the country. As for which area of Jiangxi the villagers saved Zhu Yuanzhang, there are different opinions. Some say it's Kang Langshan in yugan county, some say it's at the foot of Lushan Mountain, and some say it's Nankang County in the mountainous area of southern Jiangxi. In short, they all hold their own words, but they all trust the deep friendship of Jiangxi people for the word "class".

However, Zhu Yuanzhang's reputation in history seems to have never been recognized by future generations. He can kill the general who went through a bloody battle with him. Do you really care about a few little "Jiangxi cousins"? So, there is another rumor.

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Yuan and proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing. People from all walks of life came to Beijing to worship him and celebrate his birthday. When he saw so many people pouring into the capital, it was not only difficult for him to stay, but also difficult for him to cope with. So I quickly ordered that all the people should go to Beijing in order. When he heard that all the people in the southwest had traveled day and night and had arrived in Changsha, he sent a message ordering the people to "rest in Changsha for three days and then go to Beijing." Men misread the verbal instructions and mistook "rest" for "blood washing"-"three days of blood washing in Changsha". The emperor has a golden mouth and jade teeth, and the export is a decree. Those who violate the law will be beheaded. So the Ming army carried out a bloody massacre in Changsha. They kill everyone they see, regardless of sex, age and age. They killed Changsha in ten rooms and nine empty spaces, and the bodies were everywhere, and there was a river of blood, not one left.

It is said that many years later, one day, a dirt car was pushed from Jiangxi, with a beautiful girl sitting on it and a handsome young man behind it. He pushed the car steadily and hurried out of Jiangxi and Liuyang, all the way to Dongxiang, Changsha. When he saw the beautiful scenery, fertile land and pleasant climate here, he took up his post here, and the peasant woman weaved and lived and worked in peace and contentment until 100 years old.

In the future, many Changsha people regard boys and girls from Jiangxi as their ancestors; Jiangxi is their parents' land and Jiangxi people are their relatives. So Jiangxi people are called cousins.

Coincidentally. Marshal Chen Yi, who is well-known at home and abroad, insisted on fighting guerrilla warfare in the border area of Jiangxi and Guangdong, and also forged an unforgettable and profound friendship with his cousin in southern Jiangxi. After the national victory, Chen Yi became a marshal and deputy prime minister. Zhu Zanzhen, a guerrilla who slept with him in the mountainous areas of Jiangxi and Guangdong, went to Beijing to visit Teacher Chen. The identity of the unknown caller will not be notified. Zhu Zan was really stubborn. He shouted angrily, "How dare you! Just say that I am Zhu Laobiao of Xinfeng! " Hearing this, Chen Yi hurriedly told his secretary to send someone to pick him up. When they met, Zhu Zanzhen's eyes filled with tears, and he raised his hand and punched Chen Yi. He said to his relatives, "I thought you forgot that we are old-timers!" " Chen Yi put his arm around his shoulder and said, "Don't forget each other if you have money. Cousin, do you think I am Chen Yi? Cousin Gannan and Chen Yi are like brothers, and I am grateful to my parents. How dare I forget! " In the early 1960s, Liu Junxiu, then deputy secretary of Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, went to Beijing to report his work. Premier Zhou introduced to Chairman Mao: "This is Jiangxi's cousin Liu Junxiu." Mao Zedong ha ha smiled and said, "a sight for sore eyes! Oh, Jiangxi's cousin is famous. "

Jiangxi people like to call themselves "old cousins", and foreigners also use "old cousins" to express their affection and welcome to Jiangxi people. Therefore, Jiangxi people are born with a subconscious attachment to their cousins, especially in respect for uncles, which is unmatched by outsiders.

In fact, as early as the early days of matriarchal clan system and paternal clan system in primitive society, there were natural rights and obligations between uncle and nephew because of the confusion of gender relations. My uncle, as the closest male elder of my niece, bears the responsibility of raising and educating the next generation together with my sister. When I get old, my niece will support me, my position (chief, priest, etc. ) and my personal property will be inherited by my niece. In many places, there is still a saying that "the thunder Lord is in heaven and the uncle is underground", which is a remnant of the matriarchal clan system, but there are many ceremonies in Jiangxi that retain this tradition of "respecting uncle".

Take Ganzhou wedding as an example. My nephew is married and my uncle is the guest of honor. On the wedding day, my uncle will hang a wooden plaque (now replaced by a glass mirror) in a conspicuous place in the hall, and write the nephew's name and auspicious words. When hanging up, my uncle still needs to keep saying good wishes. This ceremony is called registration card.

Also, Hakka people have the custom of sending their daughters away when they marry them. Among married people, the most important thing is to marry my uncle, that is, the bride's younger brother (usually the youngest brother), which is an essential figure. If you have no younger brother, please go with your closest cousin. The task of sending a married uncle is to give my sister a money bag (formerly a money box). Before marriage, the bride should cry to her parents, relatives and friends, and the money from crying will be put in this money bag. According to Hakka regulations, the bride is not allowed to go out with her family's money when she gets married, so she can only let her brother take the purse. My uncle is a guest among guests and a VIP among VIPs. The groom should show special respect and enthusiasm to him and dare not neglect him. Seeing my uncle off will not enter the man's house at the same time as my sister. After the bride and groom worship heaven and earth, the groom's family will go out to meet him and give him a big red envelope at the same time. Some people are naughty or want to get more red envelopes, so they always wander outside for a long time. When the groom's family sees my married uncle coming in, they will immediately serve him a bowl full of dishes. In addition, if the groom wants to get the money bag, he has to wrap several red envelopes. When giving a banquet, the man's family should have the etiquette of sitting in the right place. There is no doubt that wedding uncles, regardless of their age, should sit at the banquet. An Xi can also play the flute and set off firecrackers, and some of his wedding uncles will hide at this time. After the groom looks around and finds it, he will be seated after wrapping the red envelope. When the bridal chamber is in trouble, my uncle usually accompanies my sister. After the rioters in the bridal chamber dispersed in the dead of night, some married uncles, especially the young ones, would stay there and refused to leave, saying that they would sleep with their sisters. At this time, the groom will make great efforts to lure his uncle away with a red envelope, both hard and soft. At this time, the groom and the man's family must endure no matter how impatient they are. It fully shows that Jiangxi people dare not be vague about their uncle. Kunming locals call men who are disheveled, unkempt and regard their accents as foreign accents.