Excuse me, what is the Klan?

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is a racist organization that still exists in the United States and pursues white supremacy. It is also the oldest and largest terrorist organization in the United States. Has been wandering in American history 130 years. At its peak, its members reached 5 million. At this time, the terrorist atrocities of the Klan also reached its peak. They set up private courts and secretly or publicly killed more than 900 blacks. From the end of 1970s to the present, under the call of its leader "We should be armed", the Ku Klux Klan has revived, established military training bases in several towns, strengthened guerrilla warfare training, raised a lot of money to arm guerrillas through illegal operation, and even infiltrated into the army, thus causing hundreds of public violent bloodshed.

There are two Klan in American history. One of them was founded shortly after the civil war and disappeared in the 1970s. The other was founded in Atlanta, Georgia on 195 1 and has been active ever since. Although the purpose of the Klan is not in line with the changes of the times, it is basically anti-black, anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish, and is famous for its terrorist and violent activities. They brutally burned, killed, plundered and robbed blacks, whites who supported blacks and progressive workers in an attempt to reaffirm the supremacy of whites. It has been banned by the American government many times, but it can often regain its legal status. After the anti-racism movement in the United States, the Klan gradually disappeared, but it still exists in some southern States. Some people think that the current American Gun Association may be connected with the Klan. The reason is that after the dissolution of 3k 1 month, the American Firearms Association was established, and some of them were originally 3k members.

Forest, the leader of Ku Ku Klan, a former Southern Army general.

The earliest Ku Klux Klan was founded on February 24, shortly after the end of the Civil War, 1865+65438, by six lost veterans of the southern army in Pulaski, Tennessee. They are John C. Lester, John B. Kennedy, James R. Crowe, Frank O. McCord, Richard R. Reed and J. Calvin Jones. The leader is forest, a former southern general, and the members are mainly confederate generals and soldiers who are unconvinced in the American Civil War, as well as extreme racists among ordinary people. The original purpose was to perform satirical programs and some kind of commemorative ceremony. From 1866 to 1867, members of the organization began to disturb black prayer meetings and broke into black houses at night to take guns. Some of these actions have the shadow of Tennessee "yellow jacket", "red hat" and other self-defense police groups. From 65438 to 0867, the Ku Klan held a congress in Nashville and published a charter drafted by former Confederate army brigadier general George Gordon, which began to develop into a national organization. A few weeks later, Nathan Bedford Frest, a former Confederate general engaged in the slave trade, was elected as the first national leader.

3K party flag is a triangle with a yellow background and a red edge, with a black dragon on it. Party member's uniform is a white coat with a white curtain over his head, giving people a feeling of mystery and terror. Party member is limited to white Protestants born in the United States. The party joining ceremony was held late at night. Party discipline is very strict. Subordinates must absolutely obey their superiors, and there is only a vertical relationship between them. The Conservatives must keep party member a secret. On the surface, the program of the Klan is "supporting the Constitution", "maintaining public order" and "believing in Christ". In fact, it advocates "racial discrimination", spreads racism and advocates depriving blacks of their basic rights. Persecute blacks or open-minded people through illegal terrorist means such as kidnapping, lynching and mass killing.

187 1 year, President Grant ordered the dissolution of all the Klan in the south. 19 15 Colonel Simmons of Georgia resumed the Klan organization. After World War I, Ku Ku Klan developed unprecedentedly, and 1924 has 5 million Ku Klan members. 1940 the ku klux Klan merged with the German-American Alumni Association. The Klan was dissolved in World War II. 65438+April 0944 Public resumption activities. After World War II, the Klan pointed its finger at industrialists, progressives and blacks, and regarded Catholicism as an "excusable object" and stopped opposing it. It has gradually gained legal status in California and Florida, and has great activities in other 18 states. The affiliated organizations of the Klan include the Columbine Society in Georgia, the Knights and Women's Organization of the Klan in new york and the Sons of the United States. The party is often associated with and supports some fascist organizations that advocate racial discrimination. But it is not recognized by the authorities and the public in most States.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the Black Legion, a faction of the Klan, was very active in the midwest of the United States. Unlike Klan members who usually wear white robes, they are dressed in black pirate costumes. The Black Legion is the most violent and bloody organization in the Klan. They are notorious for attacking and assassinating producers or socialists.

The Klan reappeared in fear.

Klan after World War II

After World War II, several organizations that used the name of Ku Ku Klan were identified as1organizations that obstructed the American civil rights movement in the 1960s. 1963, two Ku Klan members made an explosion in a church where civil rights organizations met. This incident caused the death of four young girls and aroused great public anger. Finally, it promoted the passage of 1964 American Civil Rights Act.

From 65438 to 0964, the FBI launched the "counterintelligence plan" in an attempt to infiltrate and destroy the Klan. The significance of this plan in the civil rights movement is multifaceted. This is because in the operation, intelligence personnel used infiltration, false information, violence and other means, not only to deal with extreme left and right organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan and the Meteorologist, but also to deal with non-violent organizations such as the Southern Christian Leaders' Meeting led by Martin Luther King. This duality is most typically reflected in the murder of Viola Liu. Liu is a white woman from the south. At that time, she and four other members set off from their homes in Detroit and went to the south to attend the civil rights movement meeting. Liu was shot and killed by four Klan members in a car on the expressway, one of whom was undercover. After the tragedy, the FBI spread rumors that the victim was a producer who abandoned his children in order to have sex with members of the black civil rights movement. Despite the dual nature of the FBI's actions, Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter who broke into the Klan on 1979, publicly stated that the counter-intelligence plan was very successful in destroying the Klan organization. The two opposing factions in the Klan accused each other that the leader of the other was an undercover of the FBI, and finally found that Bill Wilkinson, one of the Klan knights, worked for the FBI.

During this period, the resistance to the Klan began to expand. Thompson reported that during his participation in the Klan activities, his car was attacked by a gun, and he himself was scolded by black children in public. A Klan rally was also thrown into chaos by black soldiers at a nearby military base. The actions of the Klan are often met with hostile protests, sometimes including violence.

The disadvantage of the Klan in litigation has stimulated people to constantly seek judicial means to combat its development. For example, the lynching case of Michael Donald in 198 1 led to a judicial trial, which eventually led to the collapse of the organization "United Klan". Thompson pointed out that in the face of millions of dollars of civil compensation cases filed by Southern Law Center, many Klan leaders who don't care about criminal arrest have to restrain their actions to save the cost of handling such legal cases. However, litigation is also a means used by the Klan. For example, Thomson's book was forced to cancel publication because Ku Ku Klan filed a libel lawsuit. Since then, the Klan has also been transformed into organizations targeting other colored groups, such as "Christian identity", "neo-Nazi" and skinheads.

1926 September 13, 40,000 Ku Klux Klan people marched in Washington, D.C., with the US Capitol behind them.

The influence of the Klan in American political circles

After World War II, the Ku Klan in the United States was once famous, and its influence expanded from the south to the midwest, as well as the northern States and even reached Canada. At the peak, most organizations moved to the midwestern States. Through many elected local politicians, the Klan controlled the governments of Tennessee, Indiana, Oklahoma and Oregon. Its publications even claim that * * * and Warren Harding, the former chairman of the party, are also members of the Klan, but so far there is no official evidence to prove this. The Ku Klux Klan representatives played an extremely important role in the Democratic National Congress held in New York from 65438 to 0924, so that this congress was called "Ku Ku Klan Cooking Congress". The congress finally led to a confrontation between William McAdoo, who has a Klan background, and Al Smith, a Catholic mayor of new york. After several days of negotiations and arguments, the two candidates chose to compromise. Ku Klux Klan representatives overturned the platform of a democratic forum that might ban the organization's activities. 1924 On July 4th, thousands of Klan members gathered in New Jersey, burned the cross and Smith's portrait, and celebrated their victory in the forum plan.

At the peak of 1920, the Klan had more than 4 million members, including many politicians. 1924, Harry Truman paid 10 to join the Ku klux Klan, but at a meeting, Ku Klan cadres asked Truman not to hire any officials with Catholic background if he was re-elected as a county judge. But Truman refused this request because many of his comrades-in-arms were Catholics. Finally, he was forced to quit the organization and his membership fee was refunded. Truman did a lot of work to protect civil rights after he became president of the United States, which made many Ku Ku Klan people envious. In Saskatchewan, Canada, the Klan played an important role in the provincial election of 1929. They defeated the Liberal government and made the Conservative Party led by james anderson control the provincial government for the next five years. Another former Ku Klux Klan with national influence in the United States was Democratic Senator and later Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black, but he later severed ties with the organization. In his early political career, Blake defended a Klan member in the assassination of James Koyle, a Catholic priest in Alabama, and was finally acquitted by a jury controlled by the Klan. David Duke was the national leader of the Klan Knights before 1978. He also served as a member of the * * * and Party State in Louisiana, and then left the Klan organization at 1980. Senator Robert Bode, a Democrat from West Virginia, also joined the Klan in his twenties and won the title of Cligher. 1958, 4 1 year-old Bode also defended the Klan in the Senate election. Later, he said that joining the Klan was the biggest mistake in his life.

1926 September 13, 40,000 Klan guerrillas marched in public on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, USA.

A prominent feature of today's American underworld is its increasing legalization. Robert Nash, a sociologist, disclosed in his book The World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime that the American mafia has invested tens of billions of dollars of illegal income from gambling, prostitution, especially drug smuggling activities into legal operations that can generate more profits. The mafia in America is very rich and powerful now, and its tentacles extend to almost every industry in America. Meyer lansky, one of the main advocates of criminal groups, once fully described the power of the mafia: "Our power is stronger than the steel industry in the United States."

At the end of last year, Time magazine and CNN jointly named the most influential industry founders and giants in the 20th century. Luceano, the underworld boss, is ahead of Bill Gates, the president of Microsoft, and Walter Disney, the cartoon king, because of his unparalleled means and ability to make money.

Surprisingly, the U.S. government is indifferent to the lawless atrocities like the Klan advocating racism and killing non-whites at will, and has not taken any legal measures to stop and ban them; No government official has ever publicly criticized or accused the Klan of being cruel, inhuman and violating the US Constitution. Today, the Ku Klan is still active in many parts of the United States as a legal organization, which provides space for the existence and resurgence of the Ku Klan.

1979165438+1October 3, the case of Greensboro Fair in North Carolina exposed the weakness of American law in the face of the underworld. At that time, citizens in Greensboro, North Carolina were holding an anti-Klan demonstration. Suddenly, two big trucks loaded with Ku Klan members came, and several automatic rifles on them opened fire on the parade. 10 people were caught off guard and fell to the ground on the spot. In full view, the Ku Klan murderers grimaced, unhurriedly put their guns back in the box and drove away. However, the results of the court trial once again showed the ability of some gangsters in the south to influence the political situation. The court actually thought that these Ku Klan people shot in self-defense, so they were acquitted. What is even more intolerable is that shortly after the verdict, one of the murderers openly wore a Ku Klan white robe and a pointed hat, calling it a racist rally, and viciously threatened: "What happened in Greensboro can't be compared with what will happen soon."

A black man brutally murdered by the Klan.

Underworld organizations like the Klan have been inextricably linked with American politics since the day they appeared. Once upon a time, the Klan played an important role in American political life. It could make a person rise to the highest level in a blink of an eye, become a member of Congress or a senior government official, or ruin someone's reputation. Historically, 65,438+065,438+0 Ku Klan members served as governors and 65,438+04 Ku Klan members became senators. Many politicians also secretly joined the Klan, and President Truman was also a Klan when he was a judge in Missouri. When Kennedy ran for president, he also received a lot of funding from the American underworld. Some people speculate that he was assassinated because Kennedy betrayed his promise to the underworld.

The mixed public opinion world in the United States has made triad organizations such as the Klan even more powerful. Ku Klux Klan organizations all over the country often openly express their intention to kill all Jews, blacks and orientals in the United States through different media channels such as television, radio and newspapers. The Ku Klan organization in California also produced a documentary entitled Race, which was broadcast on cable TV. The U.S. government turned a deaf ear to the terrorist argument of the Ku Klux Klan racism, which led to the spread of racist ideas everywhere in the United States and endangered the next generation. In recent years, the shocking shootings in many American middle schools are tragedies caused by racism.

With the arrival of the new century, the Klan and other underworld organizations have not died out in history. Polls show that 10% people in the United States actually have a "good impression" on the Klan, which is significantly higher than that in the 1960s. This provided a social foundation for the Klan. This old demon is deeply rooted in American society and has not fundamentally destroyed the power of this organization. In the United States, which is known as freedom of speech, everyone can hear the cries of the Klan.

Different from the old Ku Klux Klan, the new underworld organizations have learned lessons that were too bloody, cruel and aggressive in the past, paid more attention to packaging and publicity, and actively participated in community public welfare activities. The Klan attaches great importance to propaganda work, often singing racist songs with rock music in places where teenagers gather at night, instilling the venom of racial hatred in their naive minds, distributing propaganda materials about the glory of "invisible empire" to schools and parks, instilling racial hatred in the majority of teenagers, strengthening racist concepts such as "patriotism means hating niggers" and "safeguarding the honor of" invisible empire "among teenagers, and luring many inexperienced teenagers to join the Klan. Because the Ku Klux Klan preaches the theory of white superiority and puts on the cloak of patriotism and religion, it has a certain fascination for teenagers. A large number of inexperienced teenagers have formed the peripheral organizations of the Klan, such as the White Aryan Movement, Romantic Violence, White Pride and Final Solution. The Klan manipulated and used these "bald teenagers" wearing strange clothes and boots, and instigated them to insult, threaten, beat and even kill blacks, Jews, Spaniards, Asians and people of other races. It is shocking that some murderers who commit racial vendetta are teenagers aged 16. They were so poisoned by the Ku Klan that they had no regrets after being arrested. Robinson, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said that new communication technologies such as the Internet have fueled racial hatred, and the United States has even developed into a paradise for racists to use the Internet to spread their theories.

Some large Klan organizations that are still in operation include:

American Klan Knights Church

American Klan Empire

White Camellia Knight

1923 On September 3rd, during the daytime, the Klan held a public parade in Maine.

1923 On September 3rd, during the daytime, the Klan held a public parade in Maine.

1925, Klan party in Boulder, Colorado.

Klan symbol

White hooded pointed hat and white robe are typical costumes of the Klan.

Why did the Klan burn the cross?

Historians believe that the Klan followed the example of the Scots in the14th century, because the Scots generally used the burning of the cross as a symbol of gathering troops before the war. They lit the cross on the mountain to warn people of the danger of enemy invasion.

19 15, when the second branch of the ku klux Klan was established in Georgia, the practice of burning the cross officially began. After that, the Klan usually burned crosses to intimidate their enemies, such as blacks, Jews, Catholics and homosexuals. Therefore, when someone burns a cross on the lawn, people's reaction is generally extreme fear, because at the most popular time of the Klan, the members of the organization can be said to be burning, killing and committing adultery.

Before burning the cross, the Klan usually made a speech full of white separatist remarks, and then lit the cross from the bottom with a torch, with a height of 4 meters to 12 meters. When lighting the cross, they will also play bagpipes to set off and predict the tension when it rains.