What was the result of the American Civil War?

186 1 April ~ 1865 April, the American civil war. Also known as the American Civil War. It was the bourgeoisie that led the Northern War. In the south, only plantation slave owners insisted on the war. The purpose of their war was to expand slavery to the whole country, while the purpose of the northern bourgeoisie was to defeat the south and restore national unity.

/kloc-In the mid-9th century, the contradiction between the free labor system in the north and slavery in the south reached an irreconcilable level. Slavery in the south became the main obstacle to the social and economic development of the United States, and the struggle between the north and the south was the most intense in the land competition in the west. /kloc-During the expansion of American territory to the west in the first half of the 9th century, new states were established in the west. However, every time a new state is established, there is a struggle to allow or prohibit slavery. The northern bourgeoisie and peasants advocated that NSW banned slavery and demanded that NSW be determined as a free state. Southern slave owners tried to expand slavery to the west and advocated defining NSW as a slave-holding state. Slave owners used their dominant position in the US Congress and government to win one after another, which aroused the indignation of the broad masses of people in the north. 1854, the American Republican Party was founded in the north. In the same year, the southern slave owners tried to expand slavery to Kansas by force, so an armed struggle broke out in Kansas between western farmers and immigrants from free States against the southern slave owners, which lasted until 1856, which started the civil war. 1857, slave owners tried to extend slavery to all the territories of the United States. This led to the uprising in john brown.

First stage

1860, * * * and Republican Lincoln were elected president, and the American Democratic Party was defeated, which became the signal that the southern slave owners left the union and launched a rebellion. South Carolina, the southern slave-holding state, was the first to secede from the Union, followed by Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. 186 1 February, 2000, announced the establishment of the "Southern Alliance" and set up another government with Jefferson Davis as president. 1861April 12, the rebels began shelling the federal fort Sumter in South Carolina, and it was captured on June 14. On April 15, Lincoln government issued a crusade order, and the civil war broke out. Soon, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy.

At the beginning of the war, the strength of the north greatly surpassed that of the south, with a population of 22.34 million and a population of 965.438 million+in the south, of which more than 3.8 million were slaves. The industry in the north is developed, the railway network extends in all directions, and food is abundant. There is almost no industry and few railways in the south. But the south is well prepared militarily, and its troops are well equipped and well trained. Most outstanding generals who graduated from West Point Military Academy, including Lester Lee, Si Tong Wall Jackson, invincible soldier Johnston, little beauty Liu Sa and Stevenson, all went to the south. In addition, on the eve of the civil war, President Buchanan tried to transport a lot of weapons and money to the south. At the beginning of the Civil War, the Lincoln administration launched the war to restore the reunification of the North and the South, fearing that touching slavery would push some border slave-holding states to the rebel side in the south, thus losing the important strategic area of border states. Because the northern government refused to declare the liberation of slaves. Therefore, in the first stage of the civil war, the north suffered military defeat one after another. In the summer peninsula battles of 186 1 in Manakas and 1862 in July, the northern army suffered heavy losses. Although the northern army achieved a series of brilliant achievements in the western front and seized several important strategic strongholds from the southern army, these achievements were offset by the fiasco in the eastern front.

In the case of many military failures in the north, * * * and the radicals in the party and the abolitionists in society put forward the idea of liberating slaves and arming blacks. Lincoln also realized the necessity of liberating slaves.

stage Ⅱ

1On September 22nd, 862, Lincoln released the preliminary "Emancipation of Black Slaves". It was announced that if the southern rebels did not lay down their arms before 1863 65438+ 10 1, the slaves in the rebel states would be free from that day on. After the news reached the south, thousands of slaves fled to the north. The British working class also launched a movement to support the North, forcing the British government to give up its original intervention plan.

Lincoln administration also carried out a series of revolutionary measures and policies: 1862 ~ 1863 carried out the policy of arming blacks. Therefore, thousands of blacks signed up to join the northern army, mainly runaway slaves in the south; 1The Homestead Law promulgated in May 862 stipulates that all adults loyal to the Federation can acquire 64.74 hectares of land in the west by paying the registration fee of 10, and they can become the owners of this land after five years of cultivation. The Lincoln administration severely suppressed counter-revolutionaries and purged agents in the south-central part of the army. 1863 implemented the conscription law to replace the conscription system, thus strengthening the troops in the north. At the same time, Lincoln adjusted the military leadership and unified command, and appointed Grant, an American with outstanding military talents, as the commander-in-chief of the whole army.

1863, the north turned for the better militarily. In July of the same year 1, Gettysburg won a great victory, annihilating 28,000 Yugoslav troops and becoming a turning point in the civil war. The initiative on the battlefield was transferred to the Union Army. 1864, the supreme commander of the north adopted a new strategic policy: launching a powerful offensive on the east and west lines at the same time. On the eastern front, the main goal is to consume the enemy's strength; The western front went deep into the enemy's hinterland with strong forces, cutting off the links between the northeast and southwest of SAARC. 1864 In September, the northern army led by General W.T. Sherman captured Atlanta in one fell swoop, and two months later began the famous "March to the sea", which completely destroyed the enemy's various military facilities and paralyzed the southern economy. On the eastern front, General Grant led the northern army to drive the enemy to Richmond, the capital of the rebel army. At the beginning of 1865, slaves fled one after another and the plantation economy was on the verge of collapse. The sea blockade imposed by the northern navy almost cut off the trade between the south and Europe. At the same time, there were opposition voices in the south, and many small farmers joined the Federalist and engaged in anti-war activities. There are more and more deserters in the south. Food and daily necessities are scarce. On April 9 1865, R.E. Lee's troops were trapped in the encirclement of the North Army and forced to surrender to Grant. The American Civil War ended. The United States is reunified.

The significance of civil war

During the civil war, the two sides spent $654.38+0.5 billion in war expenses. The North Army suffered 630,000 casualties and the South Army suffered 480,000 casualties. The war showed the power of modern industry, and both sides were equipped with a large number of new-type line-bore weapons, which promoted the application and development of scattered formation, field fortifications and infantry close-pressure operations. Railways and telegrams played an important role, and armored ships, mines, mines and submarines were used for the first time in the history of war.

The victory of the North in the war established the dominant position of the big bourgeoisie in the whole country. The civil war eliminated slavery, thus clearing the way for the rapid development of American capitalism. The implementation of the Homestead Law has accelerated the development of the western region and promoted the victory of the American-style road to the development of agricultural capitalism. Thus, at the end of 19, the United States became the most advanced industrial and agricultural capitalist country in the world. In the reconstruction period after the civil war, blacks were still discriminated against in many aspects and exploited by plantation owners, but they gained civil rights and voting rights politically and were liberated from slavery. Therefore, the American Civil War is of epoch-making significance in the development of American history.

The Civil War was the second bourgeois revolution in American history. Although the number of casualties exceeded 600,000, it solved the problem of farmers' land, safeguarded national unity, cleared the way for the accelerated development of American capitalism, and laid the foundation for the United States to rank among the world powers.

Limitations: Lincoln abolished slavery only in the southern rebel States. Although these blacks were liberated, they did not get the same rights as whites.

Link expansion: Margaret Mitchell's famous novel Gone with the Wind and her film Gone with the Wind are set in the American Civil War.