The only female general in ancient times recorded in official history: Qin Liangyu.

For a long time, there have been many stories about ancient female heroes, such as Mulan, Princess Pingyang, Fan Lihua, Lady Yangmen and Liang Hongyu. But these people are either characters in folk songs, characters in romance novels or not formal generals. In the history of thousands of years in China, the only female general officially listed in the state establishment is actually Qin Liangyu, a female general who was praised by Ming Chengzu as "wearing a military emblem as a mandarin duck sleeve". & gt& gt "Ming history? "Biography of Qin Liangyu" said: "Liangyu is talented, good at riding and shooting, skillful in writing and elegant in manners. The control is strict. Every time you March, Wu Rong feels awe. The Ministry number is' White Pole Soldiers', and they are afraid from far and near. "Qin Liangyu is the only female general in history who has been included in the twenty-fifth history, filling the historical blank of no women in the official history. & gt& gt In the first year of Ming Shenzong, Qin Liangyu, a Miao woman, was born on the banks of Mingxi River in the suburb of Letian Town in the west of Zhongzhou City, Sichuan Province. Her father Qin Kui is a housekeeper. She has three men and one woman. Liang Yu ranked third, her brothers Qin Bangping and Qin Hanbang, and her younger brother Qin Minping. When her father taught Qin Liangyu poetry, calligraphy and painting, he did not forget the Miao tradition, and trained her to dance with guns and sticks, ride horses and shoot arrows at an early age. & gt& gt Qin Liangyu has a great ambition of "defending his home by fighting" and is endowed with extraordinary talents. His literary style is romantic and his sword is full of charm. His father, Qin Gui, once lamented: "Your brothers and sisters are far behind you, but it's a pity that you are a woman, otherwise you will definitely win the championship in the future." Qin Liangyu swallowed mountains and rivers and replied, "Your son is in charge of soldiers and your wife is in town, but women soldiers are not good at it. ">& gt Qin Liangyu is a beautiful woman, so she has a very high eye for choosing a spouse. At that time, Cao Gao, a dude in Zhongzhou, took a fancy to Qin Liangyu and was flatly rejected by Qin. Later, Cao Gao killed Qin Liangyu in the name of supporting the struggle against taxes and put her in prison. & gt& gt After he was released from prison, Qin Liangyu got married in a contest at home, and Cao Gao came to apply, not an opponent. In this marriage, Qin Liangyu took a fancy to Ma Qiancheng, Zhu Shi's envoy to Fu Xuan. After Ma Qiancheng became a noble family, his ancestor was Ma Yuan, a general of Fu Bo who was "wrapped in horse skin" in the Han Dynasty. & gt& gt In the twentieth year of Wanli, Qin Liangyu, who just turned twenty, married Ma Qiancheng. Shizhu also belongs to Zhongzhou, not far from Qin Liangyu's family. This is a county dominated by Miao people, and the court set up Fu Xuan envoys to govern these Miao people who surrendered to Daming. The most important duty of Special Envoy Fu Xuan is to train the army and maintain stability. Qin Liangyu's literary skills come in handy here. A few years later, she helped her husband train a brave "white-armed warrior". Shortly after their marriage, Qin Liangyu gave birth to a son named Ma Xianglin. & gt& gt The so-called "white-armed soldiers" are mainly equipped with white-armed spears, which are weapons created by Qin Liangyu according to the local topographical features. They made long poles out of pure white wood, with hooks with blades at the top and hard iron rings at the bottom. When fighting, the hook can be cut and pulled, and the ring can be used as a hammer weapon. When necessary, dozens of spears can be used as tools for climbing mountains and walls, and cliffs can be climbed instantly. Ma Qiancheng's thousands of white-pole soldiers are extremely brave, ensuring the safety of the stone pillars. & gt& gt In the 26th year of Wanli, Fu Xuan stationed in Bozhou made Yang Yinglong collude with nine local tribes to rebel. They robbed houses, burned and looted, and committed all kinds of evils. When the imperial court was informed, it dispatched Li Hualong, the governor of Sichuan, Guizhou and Huguang, to jointly suppress the rebels, including 3,000 white troops led by Ma Qiancheng and Qin Liangyu. Due to the special equipment and long-term strict mountain training, the white-pole soldiers were very handy in Bozhou War, and often surprised the rebels and won every battle. & gt& gt In desperation, the insurgents mobilized all their strength to hold on to Bozhou City, and set up five checkpoints outside the city, namely Dengkan, Sang Mu, Wujiang, Duhe and Loushanguan. Every checkpoint is guarded by elite soldiers, and Yang Yinglong wants to fight back accordingly. It is imperative for>& gt to suppress the rebellion. Qin Liangyu led 500 White Army soldiers as the main force to attack Dunkan. Yang Chaodong, the commander of Deng Kanshou, saw that the other side's strength was thin and was ready to swallow it in one fell swoop, so he pulled all his 5,000 chosen men to the ground and arranged them in a dense formation. Qin Liangyu was fearless in front of the enemy ten times his own. Riding a peach blossom horse and holding a pike, he entered the enemy line majestically. I saw her chopping from left to right and rushing from east to west, and the enemy soldiers were killed everywhere. The enemy troops poured into her body and wrapped her in layers. Unexpectedly, she became more and more brave and invincible. While slashing the enemy soldiers around her, she slowly moved closer to the enemy general Yang Chaodong. When approaching the crowd, after a fierce killing, she suddenly vaulted. Before the people around her could see clearly, she had grabbed Yang Chaodong on horseback, waving a spear in her right hand and holding the enemy general firmly in her left hand. When all the enemy soldiers saw the leader captured, they immediately lost their positions. Qin Liangyu's white armed soldiers attacked them, killing 5,000 enemy soldiers and fleeing. & gt& gt Li Hualong, governor of Daming, lamented Qin Liangyu's heroic behavior of not letting a person die, and ordered Qin Liangyu, then 26, to build a silver medal and engrave the word "female husband" in recognition. & gt& gt However, after the attack, the bandit troops struck while the iron was hot, leaving the brave to pursue the bandit troops, and then successfully won the three passes of Sang Mu, Wujiang and Duhe, reaching the Loushan Pass outside Bozhou. Loushanguan is a natural barrier outside Bozhou. The mountain is steep, and there is only one path in the pass, which can be described as "and one person can keep it, and ten thousand people can't force it." Because of the narrow road, Loushanguan can't pass through a large number of military forces, so it is better to outsmart it than to storm it. Qin Liangyu made a clever plan for her husband. Early this morning, Qin Liangyu and her husband, Ma Qian, tandem, attacked the pass along the right road. I saw two spears whistling up and down, and the enemy soldiers who blocked the pass fell one by one, and then the reinforcements on the road could not rush up. When Qin Liangyu and his wife fought side by side and the enemy soldiers gathered more and more, thousands of white-pole troops suddenly surrounded from both sides of the pass, and the enemy soldiers were caught off guard and scattered in succession. After the capture of Loushanguan, the rebels lost their amulets, but the army rallied and captured the rebel stronghold Bozhou, and Yang Yinglong's family set themselves on fire and died. The long-running rebellion was finally put out. After the>& gt counter-insurgency, Shizhubai armed soldiers made outstanding achievements and were listed as the first meritorious army in South Sichuan Road. Qin Liangyu made great contributions to the war for the first time. The reputation of this "female general" is not only richly rewarded, but also spread far and wide, and everyone who hears it is in awe. & gt& gt In the forty-first year of Wanli (16 13), Qin Liangyu's husband Ma Qiancheng died in prison. According to the Ming history, the people of Shizhu sued Ma Qiancheng, who was arrested in Yunyang prison by the Ming court, and Ma Qiancheng died soon. But the real cause of his death was actually Qiu Chengyun, a tax eunuch sent by Emperor Wanli of Beijing, who demanded bribes from the stone pillars. Ma Qiancheng relied on the imperial court and refused. This time, my grandfather Qiu was annoyed. He ordered his men to fabricate charges, arrest Ma Qiancheng and torture him to death. He is only 4 1 year old. & gt& gt After Ma Qiancheng died unjustly in prison, the imperial court still retained his hereditary position of Shi. At this time, Ma Xianglin, the heir of the Ma family, was still young. In view of Qin Liangyu's outstanding military exploits, the court appointed her to succeed. & gt& gt Qin Liangyu turned grief into strength, resolutely took over the burden left by her husband, completed her husband's unfinished business, continued to train white-handed soldiers, managed stone men, and fulfilled her duties. & gt& gt At the end of Wanli period in Ming Shenzong, Manchu people rose up in the northeast between Baishan and Heishui, thinking that they were sweating like rain, established the late Jin Dynasty and openly rebelled against the Ming Dynasty. Ming Shenzong mobilized 80,000 troops to meet the enemy at the border, but it got off to a bad start. Eighty thousand troops were almost wiped out. & gt& gt The situation in Liaodong is critical, which directly threatens the safety of Beijing, the capital of Daming. The imperial court urgently dispatched military forces from all over the country to help. Qin Liangyu is 46 years old, and still personally leads 3,000 White Army soldiers, together with his brother, younger brother and son, to defend the border in the north day and night to serve the country. & gt& gt From the forty-eighth year of Wanli, Qin Liangyu's white armed soldiers fought several hard battles with the army of the late Jin Dynasty, which greatly dampened the spirit of the army of the late Jin Dynasty. At this point, Ming Shenzong died, Guangzong succeeded to the throne, Guangzong died after only one month in office, and Mingjiazong acceded to the throne. & gt& gt In recent months, Ming Ting has changed hands frequently. Later, Jin took advantage of it and captured Shenyang, which was very arrogant. In order to recapture the lost land of Daming, Qin Liangyu's eldest brother Qin Bangping and his younger brother Qin Minping crossed the Hunhe River and fought fiercely with the latter nomads. However, because they were outnumbered, Qin Bangping died in battle and Qin Minping was trapped. When Qin Liangyu heard the news, he personally led hundreds of white armed soldiers to cross the river and enter the tight encirclement, desperately trying to rescue his younger brother and recapture the body. Later, the court appointed Qin Liangyu as the commander-in-chief guarding Shanhaiguan. & gt& gt Shanhaiguan Fortress is the only way from the northeast to the mainland. Later, 8 jin j sent heavily to challenge the pass, and Qin Liangyu was unmoved. He just ordered his men to reinforce the defense, which finally made the Qing army unable to succeed. Once, Qin Liangyu's son, Ma Xianglin, was shot by the enemy's arrow when he was patrolling the customs. He reluctantly pulled out the arrow cluster, assisted the bow and arrow to shoot at the distant enemy, and fired three arrows in succession, killing three enemies. The late generals were too frightened to come to Shanhaiguan to provoke easily. & gt& gt Qin Liangyu was deeply grieved by the death of his younger brother and son in a very short period of time, so he wrote to the emperor to state the fighting and casualties of his army. Deeply moved, Ming Jiazong gave Qin Liangyu the second official uniform, appointed his son Ma Xianglin as the commander-in-chief, posthumously awarded Qin Bangping as the governor, appointed the people as the minister of finance, and rewarded the white-armed soldiers. & gt& gt Shanhaiguan war temporarily subsided, and Qin Liangyu led the troops back to Shizhu. When I came back, I was on my way to Fu Xuan, Yongning, preparing for a revolt against the luxurious Chongming Island. Fanlong, a party member of luxury Chongming, occupied Chongqing. I heard that Qin Liangyu was plotting to return to the stone pillar, and immediately sent someone to contact her with gold and silver gifts, wanting to ask her to send troops; Qin Liangyu was furious and immediately beheaded. He immediately sent his troops back to Jiangxi to Chongqing, unexpectedly defeated Fan Long's army and captured Chongqing. Then, she led the army straight to Chengdu and wiped out the rebels completely. After hearing the news, the imperial court named Qin Liangyu as the viceroy and appointed her as the company commander of Shizhu. & gt& gt When Chengdu was cleared and Qin Liangyu led the White Robe Army to ride into the city, Chengdu citizens flocked to the streets to help the elderly and bring up the young, scrambling to see the elegant demeanour of the female general. At this time, Qin Liangyu was in her fifties, and decades of military career not only didn't make her old, but also tempered her more. I saw her riding a peach blossom horse, with rosy cheeks, bright eyes, tall and straight figure and imposing. Chengdu people regard her as a god, burning incense and bowing down on the road she walked, expressing their infinite respect for this female savior. & gt& gt A few years later, something happened in Shuixi, Guizhou. A gangster named An Bangyan established himself as the king of Luodian here, recruited troops and quickly occupied the land thousands of miles west of Guiyang. The court also ordered Qin Liangyu to lead the white-pole soldiers to quell the chaos in Guizhou, and Qin Liangyu was highly effective, and soon the Anbang Yan State Group was caught in the net. However, in this war, Qin Liangyu's younger brother Qin Minping died, and Qin Liangyu was once again hit by bereavement. & gt& gt In the next seven years, Ming Taizu Xizong died, and Xizong's younger brother Zhu Youjian succeeded to the throne, known as Emperor Chongzhen in history. At this time, Houjin has been changed. The Qing soldiers took advantage of the opportunity to change the court to emperor, and the Mongols took the guide from Longjingguan to cross the Great Wall and went straight to Tongzhou. The situation in the capital is very urgent. The Ming court once again issued a letter to the diligent king of all the armies in the world. Qin Liangyu obeyed orders, led her white armed soldiers to the capital day and night, and took out all their belongings as pay to make up for the shortage of military supplies caused by years of fighting. & gt& gt If you meet in a narrow way, the brave will win. Qin Liangyu's White Guards and the Qing army met outside the capital, and before they could camp, they started an all-out attack. Qin Liangyu, who is 55 years old, is dancing with a white spear, flying like snowflakes and pear blossoms falling. Where the frontier passed, the Qing soldiers either fell to the ground or separated their hands and feet. All the white guards, all the white guards, are like tigers coming down the mountain. They are unstoppable and beat the Qing soldiers to the ground. Soon, Qin Liangyu successively recovered Luozhou and Yongping and rescued the siege of Beijing. & gt& gt After the siege of Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen was greatly impressed. He specially summoned Qin Liangyu on the platform in Beijing to praise the beauty, reward the sheep wine with colorful coins, and seal the Yipin Lady, seal the little insurance, and hang the town of general print. He wrote four poems to prove his merits. One: Learn the Eight Arrays of Xichuan, and the mandarin duck sleeve holds the military emblem. Why does the general want to be a husband? & gt& gt Second: Shu brocade robe is cut by itself, and peach blossom is invited to grow immediately. How many strange people are there in the world, who wants to travel thousands of miles on the battlefield! & gt& gt Third: Lu Sufeng swears never to leave, and drinks blood without rouge. The song of triumph will soon be clear, and it is not the time for Zhaojun to go out. & gt& gt Fourth: Sweep the Land Rover with a broom. There was a cheer. Let's take a look at him. On the pavilion in the year of Lin, Dan Qing first drew a picture of beauty. & gt& gt Emperor Chongzhen enjoyed a short life and suffered a lot. There are few leisurely poems to write. Apart from Qin Liangyu's poems, only Yang Sichang's five-line poems have been handed down. Such an honor shows Qin Liangyu's great achievements. & gt& gt According to historical records, after Qin Liangyu led his troops to Beijing, he "strictly controlled the army and made no offense in autumn." "Everyone heard that the white pole soldiers arrived, the crowd was like a stone, and the horse could not move forward. "Today, Chuanying Hutong in the Xuanwu Gate area of Beijing is the site of Qin Shaobao, a great woman of Shu, who stationed troops in the north (twelve characters are engraved on the door). & gt& gt Qin Liangyu is not only good at leading troops to fight, but also attaches great importance to munitions production. Today, there are more than a dozen "Mianhua Hutong" near Sichuan Ying Hutong in Beijing, which are divided into headlines, upper and lower names. This is also related to Qin Liangyu. When she was in Beijing, she ordered her subordinates to spin cotton and weave cloth with her wife, so some hutongs nearby were called "cotton hutongs" by later generations. Someone once wrote a poem entitled "Chuanying hangs the Qin Liangyu Garrison Site", saying: "The golden seal is passed on to the three generals, and the embroidered flag recognizes the Chuanying. Today, autumn rain and autumn night vaguely heard the sound of miscellaneous spinning. ">& gt Later, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang, the leader of the rebel army, entered Sichuan, burning, killing and looting. Qin Liangyu, who is over 60 years old, once again goes into battle, and his style remains the same. She led the white-pole soldiers, Lien Chan won a great victory, lifted the siege of Taiping, strangled Luo Rucai in Wushan, beheaded Dongshan Shuaihu in Tanjiaping, and made Zhang's army suffer a lot in Sichuan. However, due to repeated military disasters in Sichuan, the state treasury is empty, and the lost troops and salaries cannot be supplemented; The insurgents were powerful and flooded into Sichuan and Sichuan. The officers and men couldn't win the whole battle. Qin had no choice but to hand over the stone pillars. In the face of the helpless war situation, Qin, who is brave and good at fighting, can only lament that "the building will fall down, and it is difficult to support one tree." ">& gt At this point, the city of Beijing has been breached by the rebel army led by it, and Ming Sizong hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the Ming Dynasty finally came to an end in the stormy. When Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Zhang wanted to firmly control Sichuan and Sichuan as his base areas. Zhang Dong's expedition to the west covered almost the whole of Sichuan, but he was helpless in a tiny place. Qin Liangyu, 68, and her battle-hardened white armed fighters are not afraid of * * * to resist to the death. At this time, the stone owner was isolated and helpless, just like a boat in the sea of Wang Yang, which was in danger of being swallowed up at any time. Qin Liangyu said to his men, "My brothers and sisters are all dead. As a wife, I have owed my country for 20 years. Unfortunately, I am here now. How dare I spend the rest of my life resisting thieves! " And ordered: "there is no forgiveness for those who follow thieves!" "She took her time and suited herself to guard the four borders. Zhang Chenggong successfully won over all the chieftains in Sichuan, but he was "the only one who dared to climb the stone pillar". Until the fall of Zhang, his rebels failed to step into the stone pillar. & gt& gt In the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (1647), after the Duanyang Festival, Qin Liangyu, 75, just stepped off the Peach Blossom Horse after a parade of white-pole soldiers, and "bent over and died". The flowers fell helplessly, ending his legendary life with brilliant exploits. & gt& gt History shows that Sichuan suffered from war at that time, and the people were in dire straits. There are only tens of thousands of people left in eastern Sichuan (except stone pillars), and the newly established Qing court finally had to emigrate from Huguang on a large scale. Under the protection of Qin Liangyu, Shizhu became the only paradise for people in eastern Chongqing to stay away from the suffering of war. People from nearby Fengdu, Zhongxian, Liangping and Wanzhou took refuge in Shizhu. By the end of the war in the early Qing dynasty, the population of Shizhu had not decreased, but increased by nearly 100 thousand, which was in natural contrast with the remaining population in the whole eastern Sichuan region. Therefore, Guo Moruo, a literary giant, once wrote poems praising Qin Liangyu as "a pillar of heaven and a talented woman". & gt& gt According to the determination of clothes and other relics left by Qin Liangyu by relevant departments in Chongqing, his height is about1.86m.. The descendants of>& gt wrote countless poems praising this legendary heroine, and the most touching poem praising Qin Liangyu came from Qiu Jin, a heroine in the late Qing Dynasty. Both of them are daughters' homes, and heroes cherish each other. Naturally, they have a unique flavor in poetry: >> First, ancient and modern times compete to pass on women's heads, who said that beauty does not seal Hou. Ma's wife, Shen's daughter, was once very famous in Kyushu. & gt& gt Second, the general will be in charge of Gankun Tusi. The flower knife is a peach blossom horse, which deserves the name of a female teacher. & gt& gt Third: Ignore men and thin daughters. Platform poetry gives you charm. I am too arrogant to believe that heroes have this.