Zhejiang immigrants to Jinxi

Of course, Fujian is the most. I can't understand the dialect there after crossing the road.

Fujian Oriental Dialect was distributed in Fuzhou in Tang Dynasty, Fuzhou and Funing in Song Dynasty and Fuzhou and Funing in Ming Dynasty. It is divided into north and south parts. The south is the lower reaches of Minjiang River, represented by Fuzhou Sound. The northern part is Jiaoxi River Basin, which is based on the ancient Min dialect.

Urban Fuan sound is more representative.

Minnan dialect was distributed in Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty and Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in the Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, Yongquan Yongdao governed Quanzhou, Putian and Xianyou counties. Zhangzhou Prefecture and Yongchun Prefecture (Yongchun, Datian, Dehua) and Longyan Prefecture. There are two different accents in the north and south, which are only distributed in Jinjiang River Basin and Jiulong River Basin. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou accents were represented respectively, and the northern accent of Minnan dialect was represented by Quanzhou Fucheng accent. The southern accent of Minnan dialect is represented by the Xiangcheng accent of Zhangzhou, and Longyan dialect in the western accent retains the most complete ancient vocabulary of Minnan dialect. As a new city, Xiamen combines the characteristics of the south and the north (Quanhua and Zhanghua) and becomes the representative dialect of the whole region. Commonly known as Zhang quanlan.

Puxian dialect in central Fujian is distributed in Putian City, Xianyou County of Putian City and the north and east of Quangang. Xincuo Township, originally belonging to Putian County, was transferred from Putian County to the west of Fuqing and Yuxi Town in 1956. Originally belonging to Putian County, called Su Tianli, and to the west of Dongzhang Township, originally belonging to Putian County, called Kariri. It is distributed in the northern part of Nan 'an County in the Southern Dynasties, the northern part of Quanzhou from the Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty and Xinghua in the Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, the northern part of Xingquan Yong Dao was under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou, Putian, Xianyou and Yongchun counties and the northern part of Jinjiang area (now Quanzhou) before the new China 1970.

Northern Fujian dialect is mainly distributed in Jianzhou in the Tang Dynasty, Jianning House in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and most areas of Nanping and Shouning except Shaowu City and Guangze. The whole territory belongs to Jianxi River basin, represented by the sound of the old house Jian 'ou. The two tributaries of Jianxi Shangyuan and Chongyang River just divide the northern Fujian dialect into two accents. The eastern film is represented by Jian 'ou Audio, and the western film is represented by Jianyang Audio.

Min-gan dialect area is Shao Wujun in Song Dynasty and Shao Wufu in Ming and Qing Dynasties, belonging to Futunxi River basin and the upper reaches of Jinxi River. Now Shaowu city, Guangze, Jianning and Taining, will be represented by the Shaowu accent in Fucheng. Its affiliated transition area (Jiangle County) was originally Nanjian Prefecture, and then Yanping Prefecture (now Yong 'an, Shaxian County and Sanming, and Youxi was included in Sanming at 1970), belonging to Jinxi River Basin.

Yong 'an dialect area is the former Nanjian House (now most of Nanping) and Yanping House, which are distributed in Yong 'an, Shaxian, Sanming and Youxi, and Shaxi runs through it. Yong 'an and Shaxian are representatives of two different accents.

(2) Other border dialects and dialect islands.

In addition to the above seven dialect areas, Fujian also has some border dialects and dialect islands. They also have their own history and characteristics, which are introduced as follows:

1. Wu dialect in northern Pucheng county

Pucheng County, located at the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang, has always been the gateway of Fujian and has close contacts with Zhejiang, and many Zhejiang people have settled here one after another. Today, Wu dialect, which is similar to Quzhou and Chuzhou, is used in the county and Beixiang (accounting for two-thirds of the county area).

2. Dialect group of Min dialect in Daiyunshan District.

On the northwest slope of Daiyun Mountain, including most of Datian and Youxi counties and the border between Yong 'an and Shaxian, it is located at the junction of five Min dialects. In history, administrative divisions have changed greatly, and the population has moved a lot. At least five dialects are difficult to communicate with.

Fujian dialect

① Datian Lu Qian dialect: Passing through the middle of Datian Chengguan. ② Daejeon Houlu dialect: used in the northwest of Daejeon, southwest of Youxi, and individual towns in Yong 'an and Shaxian. ③ Youxi Chengguan dialect: spoken in the middle of Youxi. ④ Youxi Zhongxian dialect: spoken in the southeast of Youxi. ⑤ Youxi Yangzhong dialect: spoken in the northeast of Youxi.

Of the five dialects,

① It is close to Minnan dialect, ② it has the characteristics of central Fujian dialect, ③ it has the characteristics of eastern Fujian, southern Fujian and central Fujian, ④ it is close to ③, it has the components of Puxian dialect, and ⑤ it is close to eastern Fujian dialect. Both of them have the same characteristics as Min dialect, belonging to Min dialect, but they don't want to belong to any region, and they are a mixed dialect at the boundary of a group of dialect areas.

3. Mandarin dialect island

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, two groups of officers and men came to Fujian to "quell the chaos" and then settled in the local area, forming two mandarin dialect islands. One is the "dialect" of Nanping and Xiqin Town. The user population is around 20,000. In the 13th year of Ming Dynasty (1448), a peasant uprising took place in Deng, Shaxian County. In a few months, hundreds of thousands of rebels attacked more than 20 counties nearby. In the Ming Dynasty, more than 50,000 foot soldiers were transferred from Beijing to suppress it, and more than 20,000 people under Chen Mao stayed in Nanping. Secondly, in Qinjiang Village, Hangcheng Town, Changle County, the flag camp in the early Qing Dynasty built a fort here to settle down, and the city wall still exists today. There are more than 1000 residents, and they are recognized as Manchu. What they say is commonly known as "Kyoto dialect". 198 1 years ago, Qinjiang Village belonged to Yangyu Brigade, and it was called "Yangyu Dialect" at that time.

The residents of these dialect islands are bilingual, speaking Mandarin internally and using local dialects externally. These Mandarin dialects are all influenced by local dialects, but their basic characteristics are northern dialects. Taking vocabulary as an example, the house, wife and woman, Lao Zi, brother (younger brother), body, fear of strangers, beating, hurting and him in Nanping Mandarin; Today, tomorrow, Yang Yu talks about Grandpa, Grandma, Grandpa? Grandpa? Grandma, mouse, cloak (hat) and so on are all authentic northern dialects.

4. Other dialects "enclave"

Various dialects in Fujian also have "dialect enclaves" (namely dialect islands) inserted into other dialect areas in the province. People who live there speak their mother tongue at home and speak the local dialect when they leave the village. The history of the formation of these dialect islands is 200-300 years long and 200-30 years short. Most local people still know when, where and why their ancestors moved here. As far as immigration reasons are concerned, most of them go out to make a living, and some of them take refuge, escape from famine or organize collective migration by the government. For example, in Wanyao Village, Ningde County, the Records of Ningde County compiled during the Qianlong period recorded: "Because of the bowl kiln industry in this city, unemployed people in Zhangzhou and Quanzi gathered in the two capitals to make bowls for food." As far as the survey is concerned, the breakdown by dialect is as follows:

(1) Quanzhou dialect island of Minnan dialect:

According to the investigation of Fujian dialect experts in180s, there are 993 natural villages in 98 villages in 13 towns and villages in Fuding County, including Shacheng, Qianqi, Dianxia, Berlin, Diantou, Guanyang, Guanling, Nanxi and Tongcheng, with a total population of about130,000. There are 33 townships 100 natural villages in Shuimen, Yacheng and Sansha in Xiapu County, with a total population of about 40,000. Among them, Watergate and Cliff Town were brought back from Minnan Island in Pingyang, Zhejiang Province, and were mainly used for agriculture. Sansha moved from southern Fujian, and made a living by fishing. In addition, there are thousands of people in Chisha Village and Yanting Village in Changshou Township. Fujian dialect

There are thousands of people in Wanyao and Jiaotou Village in Feiluan Township, Ningde City. There are hundreds of people in Fengwei and Beiyue villages in Aojiang Township, Lianjiang County. Since ancient times, it has belonged to Xincuo Township, Putian County, Quanzhou. Xincuo Township was transferred from Putian County to Fuqing in 1956. Yuxi Town belongs to Putian County in the west, called Sutianli, and Zhangxiang Town in the east belongs to Putian County in the west, called Kariri. Before 1958, it belonged to some natural villages in Wangkeng, Dongshan and Li Shan villages that Yongtai later assigned to Yidu Township in Fuqing, some natural villages in Zhang Shang, Shuangdun, Bushang and Sutian villages in Yuxi Town of Fuqing City, some natural villages in Hongxing, Polish, Changzheng and Dongsheng villages in Jingyang Township, and Nanwan, Pu Xian and Wuwu villages in Shangjing Township. Dongxitai Village, Xiang Qian Township, Minhou County, 1 10,000 people. Fudou Natural Village, Ye Fu Village, Rinan Island, Putian County (unknown number, the same below). Dazhao Village, Xiadao Town, Nanping City. There are tens of thousands of people in Jizhou, Wenxin and Jinglong villages in Chengguan Town of Shunchang County, Shihu Village, Pushang Township and Wenfu Township in Dagan Township. Jianyang county Masha town Zhuzhou village Jintai natural village. There are hundreds of people in Zhongtian New Village in Wuyishan. There are hundreds of people in Shanghuangcuo Village, Panting Township, Pucheng County. There are tens of thousands of people in Qiahu Village, Qingzhou Town, Shaxian County, Shangyang Village, Gao Qiao Township and Luoxi Village, Fukou Township. 7 villages in Xiyang Township, Yong 'an County, with nearly 10,000 people; There are four villages with thousands of people in Hudaxiang. There are thousands of people in Jiemian Village, Pingmian Township, Youxi County.

(2) Dialect islands outside Puxian dialect area:

Since ancient times, it belongs to Suanling, Xincuo Township, Putian County. Natural villages such as Jujube and Jiang Dou in Xincuo Township 1956 were transferred from Putian County to Fuqing City. Yuxi Town belongs to Putian County in the west, called Sutianli, and Zhangxiang Town in the east belongs to Putian County in the west, called Kariri. Some natural villages such as Dongji, Jiangshan, Liucuo and Shuitou in Yuxi Town, Fuqing City, some natural villages such as Luling, Jinzhi and Shuangxi in Dongzhang Township, some natural villages such as Houxi and Shanshan in Jingyang Township, Lingkou Natural Village in Yunzhong Village of Yinxi Town, and some natural villages such as Maimai and XiaShi Cun in Jiangyin Township, * * * statistics show that there are 10,000 people. There are more than 400 people in Houmen Village, Dayu Township, Xiapu County. There are 1 1 natural villages in Xiabaishi Township, Fu 'an County, with more than 1000 people. There are more than 1,000 people in Aoyao, Aoao and Hougang Village 1 000 in Shacheng Town, Fuding County.

Edit the partition table of Fujian Chinese dialects in this paragraph.

Category Dialect Area (Island) (Representative Point) Dialect pieces (Representative Points) are distributed in counties and cities Mindong Dialect (Fuzhou) Southern Piece (Fuzhou) Fuzhou, Minhou, Changle, Fuqing, Pingtan, Yongtai, Minqing, Lianjiang, Luoyuan, Gutian, Pingnan Piece (Fuan) Fu 'an, Ningde, Zhouning and Shouning. Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Yongchun, Dehua, Anxi, Tongan, Nanpian (Zhangzhou), Zhangzhou, Longhai, Changtai, Hua 'an, Nanjing, Pinghe, Zhangpu, Xiao Yun, Dongshan, Zhaoanxi (Longyan), Longyan and Zhangping Min dialects.

North (Datian) Datian (Southwest)

Puxian dialect in central Fujian

North (Putian City) South of Yong 'an Dialect in Xianyou County, Hanjiang District, South of Putian City (Putian City) Yong 'an, Liedong, Lienorthwest (Shaxian County) East of Minbei Dialect in Shaxian County (Jianou) Jian 'ou, Songxi, Zhenghe, Nanping (mostly) Shunchang (southeast) West (Jianou) South of Fujian. Taining North Film (Ninghua) Ninghua, Liu Qing Min Dialect (Changting) Middle Film (Changting), Liancheng South Film (Shanghang) Shanghang, Yongding, Wuping East Film (Jiu Feng) Pinghe (West Edge) Nanjing (West Edge) Zhao 'an (North Point).

Edit other statements of Fujian dialect in this paragraph.

Min dialect can be divided into seven sub-dialects: Shaojiang (Shaowu-Jiangle), northern Fujian (Jian 'ou), central Fujian (Yong 'an County), eastern Fujian (Fuzhou-Zhejiang Min dialect area), southern Fujian and Wen Qiong (represented by Qiongshan-Wenchang in the eastern, southern and western coastal areas of Hainan Island). The lack of mutual access may be the different branches of the local Min-Yue language during the Han people's invasion to the south in Qin and Han Dynasties. The southern part of Ziyun Dongshan-Xiyang-Qingshui-Sanming-Huyuan-Xinyang-Gekengdong-Cheng Nan-Huyang-Fengting is Minnan dialect, and Dianbai County, Leizhou Peninsula (excluding Zhanjiang City), Shantou, Shanwei and Maoming in Guangdong Province, Haikou City-Lingao County-Qiongzhong County-Baoting County-Wuzhishan County in Hainan Province. Fujian province is one of the most complicated provinces in Chinese dialect. Among the major dialect areas in China, Fujian accounts for 5 kinds. The most widely distributed dialect is Min dialect. Fujian dialect is divided into five regions:

Five major dialect areas

Fujian Oriental Dialect Area: 1 1 Fuzhou, Minhou, Changle, Fuqing, Pingtan, Yongtai, Minqing, Lianjiang, Luoyuan, Gutian and Pingnan, which are located in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River, are the southern areas, represented by Fuzhou dialect. The northern part is located in seven counties and cities such as Fu 'an, Ningde, Zhouning, Shouning, Zherong, Xiapu and Fuding, and is represented by Fu 'an dialect. Minnan Language Area: It is distributed in Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Longyan, including Xiamen, Jinmen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Yongchun, Dehua, Anxi, Tongan, Datian, Zhangzhou, Longhai, Changtai, Huaan, Nanjing, Pinghe, Zhangpu, Xiao Yun, Dongshan, Zhaoan, Longyan and Zhangping. Represented by Xiamen dialect. Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Longyan all have some differences. Putian dialect in central Fujian is distributed in Putian city and Yong 'an dialect area of Xianyou county in Putian city: it is distributed in four counties (districts) such as Yong 'an, Shaxian, Liedong and Liexi. Represented by Yong 'an dialect. Northern Fujian dialect area: distributed in Jian 'ou, Songxi, Zhenghe, Nanping, Shunchang (southeast), Jianyang, Chong 'an and Pucheng (south), with Jian 'ou dialect as the representative. Daiyunshan District, Youxi County in the central part of Fujian Province, the eastern part of Yong 'an, the central and western parts of Datian and the southern part of Shaxian County are the transitional zones of southern Fujian, central Fujian, northern Fujian and eastern Fujian.

Representatives of various dialects

Gan dialect is distributed in Shaowu, Guangze, Jianning, Taining and other places, and Shaowu dialect is more representative. Hakka dialects are distributed in Ninghua, Liu Qing, Changting, Liancheng, Shanghang, Yongding and Wuping in the west of Fujian, and the western edge of Pinghe, Nanjing and Zhaoan in the south of Fujian, with Changting dialect as the representative. Mingxi, Jiangle and Shunchang are also transitional areas among Minnan dialect, Hakka dialect and Jiangxi dialect, because the dialects there have the characteristics of three dialects. The north-central part of Pucheng County borders Zhejiang Province and speaks Wu dialect similar to Chuqu dialect in Zhejiang Province. Nanping City has two mandarin dialect islands, Xiqin District and Qinjiang Village, Changle County. In addition, Fujian dialect and Hakka dialect are also interspersed outside the region. Minnan dialect has dialect islands in central Fujian, northern Fujian and eastern Fujian. Hakka dialect also has many small dialect islands in northern Fujian and eastern Fujian. The popular "Military Dialect" in zhongshan town, Wuping County is a dialect island close to Gan dialect. She people live in Fu 'an, Luoyuan and Ningde in eastern Fujian, Jian 'ou, Jianyang, Chang 'an, Yong 'an and Shanghang in northern Fujian. They speak a mixed language, still retain some local languages, are close to Hakka dialect, and absorb some local Fujian dialect elements. It is also commonly called She language. There are not only various dialects in Fujian province, but also great internal differences. Like Liancheng, Youxi, Shunchang and other places, there are several kinds or dozens of words that a county cannot communicate with.