The Historical Origin of Speech Art

Oxford University and Cambridge University are commonly referred to as Niu Jian. As the oldest and most famous university in England, they have a long history of competition. Oxford University was rated as the first comprehensive university by The Times for four consecutive years, and was rated as the first by The Guardian in 2005.

The dispute between Oxford and Cambridge has a long history, but competition is not necessarily a trade-off relationship, and it can also create a win-win situation. Life needs opponents, and it is impossible to grow without them. Perhaps it is the indomitable competition over the past few hundred years that has promoted the continuous development of these two world famous schools.

Romeo and Juliet on the Thames

For British people who love sports, the boat race between Niu Jian and Niu Jian has brought passion and vitality to the residents of this island country, and it can be called a grand sports carnival in China.

Every spring, Niu Jian and Niu Jian's elite athletes compete on the blue Thames. Oxford players wear dark blue uniforms, while Cambridge players wear light blue uniforms. "One hundred and fifty times, all the paddles rowed at the same frequency, disturbing the tranquility of the Thames.

Oxford is the mother of Cambridge, and Cambridge is the mother of Harvard.

The history of Cambridge University is 60 years later than that of Oxford University. 1209, a student in Oxford accidentally killed a woman in the town while practicing archery, which intensified the contradiction between Oxford citizens, students and scholars, and two scholars were hanged in public.

The whole of Oxford was in a panic, schools were closed, and some teachers and students fled Oxford in the form of individuals or groups. They came to Cambridge and found this quiet town very suitable for study and research.

With the help of the local church, they camped on the bank of Jian River and devoted themselves to cultural exchange and academic research, thus creating a new academic world. Interestingly, the famous Harvard University in America turned out to be a derivative of Cambridge.

65438-0637, john harvard, a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge University, immigrated to the United States. Before his death, he donated half of his industry and library and established Harvard College, which was completely modeled after Emanuel College. Later it developed into Harvard University.

The town where Harvard is located is also named Cambridge. In order to distinguish it from Cambridge in England, the Chinese translation is called "Cambridge". In this regard, someone joked: "A kind old English bird hatched an American giant eagle."

Every year, many undergraduates who graduated from Harvard apply to Cambridge for postgraduate study, in order to realize a root-seeking dream. Some people describe the origin of three famous universities in the world: Oxford is the mother of Cambridge and Cambridge is the mother of Harvard.

The same number of eyes are staring at the same front, the same number of arms are waving rapidly, and the same number of lungs are breathing at the same frequency ... The scene described by chabad McClaren reappears on the blue Thames.

The British media compared it to "Romeo and Juliet on the Thames". Deep blue and light blue were not a simple game for a long time, but settled into the collective memory of Oxford and Cambridge people.

Some people say that Cambridge University and Oxford University are the two most unusual places in the British Isles.

From London, the car can reach Cambridge in an hour and a half to the north and Oxford in an hour to the west. The distance between these two towns is about 150 kilometers, but people often mention them at the same time, so there is a collective vocabulary like "Oxford and Cambridge" in English. On the spiritual map of English-speaking people, they are outstanding and popular at the same time.

"Niu Jian" is like the brothers Caster and Polox, who became Gemini in Greek mythology, and will never be separated. They are incomparable stars in British universities. For hundreds of years, their brilliant and charming light has been dazzling.

Oxford of art, Cambridge of science

Oxford and Cambridge, both world-class universities, always seem to be antagonistic. All sides are unwilling to admit that their commonness is actually greater than their differences.

"Oxford of art, Cambridge of science"-one is a humanities scientist and the other is a natural scientist, which seems to be a fixed formula in many people's minds. Similar to Tsinghua University in China, Cambridge University is famous for its science and engineering, and has trained more than 70 Nobel Prize winners. Oxford University is as famous for its liberal arts as Peking University in China.

British prime ministers who have studied at Oxford University can almost line up. Canning, Macmillan, Douglas Home, Wilson, Heath, Thatcher, Blair-10 Downing Street is simply a branch of Oxford University! There are also many influential politicians, such as Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan, former US President Bill Clinton, former Hong Kong Governor Patten, and a large number of movie stars, famous writers and producers, all of whom graduated from Oxford University.

The same long history and excellent position have created the same arrogant Oxford and Cambridge people.

It is said that Oxford people believe that they rule the world, while Cambridge people will curl their lips: We don't care who rules the world at all! Both Oxford and Cambridge like to call each other "another place", as if this is the greatest depravity.

Richard von weizsacker, former president of the Federal Republic of Germany, is an honorary doctor of Oxford University, and Cambridge University also decided to award him the title of honorary doctor in 1994. As for the fact that he once accepted the honorary title of Oxford, people at Cambridge University downplayed it in one sentence: "Never mind, there is always a chance to correct mistakes in life."

In recent years, Oxford has been ranked behind Cambridge in the ranking of comprehensive universities in Britain, which makes Oxford people feel a little aggrieved, so let's start with the differences between the school emblems of the two universities. There is a book on the school badges of Cambridge University and Oxford University, except that the book in Cambridge is closed and the book in Oxford is open.

Oxford people laugh at Cambridge people who don't study hard and only decorate their faces with books. I didn't expect Cambridge people to fight back without hesitation: "No, you study too slowly. We have all finished learning, and you are still learning. "

Oxford University-"God is my light"

Oxford University in Oxford, England is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. In its nine-century history, it has been a top university in Britain and even the world.

In The Times Higher Education Supplement, Oxford University ranks fourth in the world, second in science, art and humanities, and is the best university in Europe. Oxford University is a member of Russell University Group, a British research organization. The motto of the university is Latin Dominus illuminatio mea, which means "Jehovah is my light", and it comes from the 27th psalm of the Bible.

history

The establishment time of Oxford University is unknown, because it is not an independent event, which can be traced back to the teaching started there in 1096. When the relationship between Britain and France deteriorated and King Henry II banned British students from studying at the University of Paris in 1 167, Oxford began to develop rapidly. It was from this time that the first school apartment was established and then gradually became a college.

1209, the university was dissolved due to student violence (this incident led some students and teachers to leave Oxford and set up Cambridge University). 1265438+On June 20th, 2004, the university returned to Oxford and was chartered. A bill passed in 157 1 confirmed the identity of Oxford University.

school organization

Oxford University Library consists of a central school (including libraries and science laboratories of schools and departments), 39 colleges and 7 permanent private halls (PPH). These colleges are not only dormitories, but are essentially responsible for undergraduate and graduate teaching.

Some colleges only accept graduate students, while others do not enroll students at all. At present, only one college (St Hilda's College) only enrolls girls (many churches only enroll boys in PPHs).

Oxford's college system was formed when the university was born, and gradually became a collection of independent institutions in Oxford.

Like most other universities, Oxford University is divided into different departments according to their majors. Departments usually play a major role in postgraduate teaching, providing lectures, courses and organizing examinations. Departments are also usually research centers funded by external institutions, including large research committees. The 35 colleges and institutions of Oxford University are scattered all over Oxford.

Oxford Press is world-famous and the largest university press in the world. Especially its 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary is world-famous.

In addition to colleges, the teaching and research activities of Oxford University (especially the latter) are mainly organized by departments, which are not autonomous units within the university. They are all interdisciplinary institutions and are not affiliated to any college, but the teachers and students of each department must first be members of a college within Oxford University.

Oxford University has a strong research force. Among its teachers, there are 83 members of the Royal Society and 125 members of the British Academy of Sciences. In mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, medicine and other fields, it is among the best in Britain and even the world.

1987- 1988, Oxford University earned 32 million pounds from research grants and contracts, ranking first among British universities. In recent years, Oxford has made remarkable achievements not only in liberal arts but also in science, not only in basic science, but also in applied science research.

Oxford applied modern science and technology to archaeological research for the first time.

There are many outstanding theologians, philosophers, jurists, historians, musicians, writers and literary critics in Oxford University, and they are quite powerful in politics, geography, sociology and psychology.

Oxford University plays an extremely important role in the history of British higher education and social development. /kloc-Before the 0/9th century, there were only two universities in Britain, Oxford and Cambridge. Cambridge University was founded by some teachers and students of Oxford in the early13rd century.

Many famous figures in history have studied in Oxford, including:/kloc-Mager Bacon, a famous scholar in the 3rd century;/kloc-the dean of Bielie College in the 4th century; the organizer of the first complete English Bible in history;/kloc-john wesley and Charles Wesley who launched the religious revival movement and founded the Methodist Church in the 8th century; and literature.

Among the 40 prime ministers in British history, 29 are Oxford graduates, including Hamad Wilson, Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher, the most famous politicians in contemporary Britain.

Among the graduates of Oxford University are a European president, a Norwegian king, five American senators and an Australian cabinet member of13. Modern writers such as Green and Auden also graduated from Oxford. Among the graduates of Oxford University, 2 1 won the Nobel Prize.

In a word, Oxford University is a unique university.