Who knows, who knows? seafarers problem

Divided into senior seafarers and ordinary seamen

Senior seafarers are further divided into management level and operational level

Management level: captain, chief engineer, chief mate, chief engineer , political commissar [only available in China}

Operation level: second mate, second engineer, third mate, third engineer, and some also include electric operators.

Ordinary seamen are also called support levels

Bosun, chief engineer, first water, second water, engineer, etc., also include cooks, clerks, etc.

1. On-board organization system

Ocean-going cargo ships are generally more than 10,000 tons, and the crew capacity of the entire ship is generally 19-24 people. In addition to the captain and political commissar, there are 8 senior crew members, 10 ordinary crew members, and 2 chefs. The crew organization system is divided into deck department and engine department. There is a clear division of labor within each department.

1. Deck department. Mainly responsible for ship navigation, hull maintenance and cargo stowage, loading and unloading equipment, and cargo care during navigation; responsible for driving equipment including navigation instruments, signaling equipment, navigation books and materials, and communication equipment; responsible for life-saving, fire-fighting, and leak-stopping equipment Management; responsible for the general maintenance of tanks, anchors, mooring lines and loading and unloading equipment; responsible for the use and treatment of cargo tank systems and extracabin fresh water, ballast water and sewage systems.

2. Engine Department. Mainly responsible for the management, use and maintenance of main engines, boilers, auxiliary engines and various electromechanical equipment; responsible for the management and maintenance of the entire ship's power system.

3. Affairs Department. Mainly responsible for the meals, daily services and financial work of all ship personnel.

2. Responsibilities of personnel on board the ship

Personnel responsibilities can be divided into three levels:

1. Management level

⑴ Captain: Captain He is the leader of the ship, responsible for the safe transportation, production and administrative management of the ship, and is responsible to the company manager. The main tasks include leading all crew members to implement national policies, laws and regulations, and various instructions and regulations issued by the company; completing transportation, production and other tasks with high quality and comprehensiveness, ensuring the safety of the ship and life and property to the greatest extent, and giving full play to the normal navigation and operation of the ship. Transport goods; strictly abide by international conventions and regional regulations and assume due international obligations; handle various affairs decisively and securely when encountering emergencies.

⑵Chief mate: presides over the daily work of the deck, assists the captain in safety production and ship navigation, and serves as navigation watch; is responsible for cargo loading and unloading, transportation and maintenance of the deck department; is responsible for formulating and organizing the implementation of various tasks in the deck department work plan; responsible for preparing cargo stowage plans and maintenance plans; hosting safety month activities and related safety work.

⑶ Chief Engineer: He is the technical person in charge of the entire ship’s machinery, power, and electrical equipment. Be fully responsible for the production and administrative management of the engine department; inspect the implementation of various rules and regulations of the engine department to keep various equipment in good technical condition.

⑷ Chief engineer: Under the leadership of the chief engineer, participate in engine room duty and maintain normal working order in the engine room; in charge of propulsion devices and additional equipment, boilers, lubrication and cooling, fuel, starting air, overweight power and Use and maintenance of emergency equipment.

2. Operational level

⑴Second mate: Perform duty duties stipulated in navigation and berthing; be responsible for the correct use and routine maintenance of driving equipment including navigation instruments and steering instruments; be responsible for Navigation books and materials, notices and daily management and correction work, as well as the registration of various records.

⑵Third mate: Perform duty duties specified by navigation and berthing; be responsible for the daily management and maintenance of life-saving and fire-fighting equipment.

⑶Second pipe engineer: performs duty duties and is in charge of auxiliary engines and their ancillary systems, emergency power generation systems and fuel tanks, transfer pumps, oil separators, air compressors, oil-water separation equipment and waste oil tanks. Use and maintenance work.

⑷Third-pipe engineer: Perform duty duties and be in charge of the auxiliary boiler and its ancillary systems, various water pumps, deck machinery, emergency equipment and various piping systems.

⑸Clerk [Steward]: Specifically responsible for the life service work of the entire ship; handling relevant procedures for entering and leaving the port and related passenger transportation work.

⑹ Radioman [Operator]: Responsible for the technical management of ship radio communications and radio navigation instruments and equipment.

3. Support level

⑴ Bosun: Under the leadership of the chief mate, specifically responsible for the work of carpenters and sailors; doing maintenance and repair work on anchors, cables, and loading and unloading equipment; leading sailors Do a good job in painting, sailing, aerial, outboard, lifting, steering and other boating work.

⑵ Carpenter: Perform carpentry and related voyage repair and maintenance work; Responsible for the operation and maintenance of the windlass; Responsible for the measurement and maintenance of fresh water tanks, ballast tanks and vegetable oil tanks.

⑶Yishui: Perform steering, navigation watch duties and daily deck maintenance work.

⑷ Ershui: Perform various technical work on cables, retracting and retracting gangways and deck departments.

⑸Machinist: Under the leadership of the engineer, perform inspection and maintenance work on the engine room and mechanical equipment.

⑹Waiter (front desk): Responsible for the hygiene of living places, maintenance of daily necessities and reception work.

⑺Chef: Responsible for the crew’s meals.

3. Questions and Answers on Comprehensive Knowledge for Seafarers

1. What is a seafarer? Who are seafarers?

Answer: Personnel working on seagoing ships are collectively referred to as seafarers. Seafarers are divided into two categories: senior seamen and ordinary seamen. Seafarers who engage in managerial work on ships are called senior seafarers, also known as cadre seafarers. Including captain, chief engineer, first mate, second mate, third mate, first engineer, second engineer, and third engineer. Seafarers who assist senior seafarers in specific tasks on ships are called ordinary seafarers, also known as worker seafarers.

2. How are Category A, B and C seafarers divided?

Answer: Seafarers are usually divided into categories A, B, C and D according to routes. Category A seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Category B seafarers can sail along coastal areas such as Southeast Asia, and are regional seafarers; Category C seafarers can sail in coastal navigation areas; Category D seafarers can sail along coastal areas area navigation.

3. What are the certificates for seafarers? How valuable are these certificates?

Answer: "Seaman's Certificate", "Crew Service Book", "Certificate of Competency", "Four Small Certificates" (ship firefighting, marine first aid, survival craft operation, sea survival), etc.; sea level seafarer They should also obtain the "Three Small Certificates" (radar observation radar simulator, automatic radar plotter, wireless telephone communication), etc.; Category A and B seafarers also need a "Health Certificate", "International Vaccination Certificate", passport, etc. ; Special seafarers should obtain corresponding professional training certificates, etc.

The seafarer’s certificate is highly valuable and versatile and is used all over the world. Therefore, with a seaman's certificate, you have a passport to all countries in the world. Boarding an international ocean-going ship can become a navigator and realize the dream of traveling around the world.

4. What is the market demand for seafarers? Is employment guaranteed?

Answer: World trade mainly relies on sea transportation, so shipping is a sunrise industry. According to the analysis of the BIMCO/ISF (International Transport Federation) survey report: "There is a global shortage of seafarers. From a global perspective, the world currently needs about 1 million seafarers, of which 600,000 are ordinary seafarers." Our country is one of the countries with the longest shipping lines in the world, with a coastline stretching for more than 18,000 kilometers, and there is a large shortage of seafarers. There is a shortage of seafarers abroad. The world's seafarer market is a market in short supply. At least in the next ten years, seafarers will be 100% employed.

Competition in the international shipping market is fierce now, and seafarers' wages account for a large proportion of shipping expenditures. The key reason why the cost of shipping expenditures in different countries varies greatly is because of the huge differences in seafarers' wages. Nowadays, developed countries such as Europe and the United States basically no longer use their own high-paid seafarers, but turn to low-paid seafarers with cheap labor in developing countries such as China and the Philippines. This way shipping companies reduce costs and increase profits.

At present, the number of Chinese seafarers dispatched is growing at double digits every year. Furthermore, with the rapid rise of China's economy, local shipping companies continue to grow and develop, so the demand for seafarers is particularly large. . At present, the supply of graduates from shipping colleges exceeds demand. Take the ordinary Zhejiang Communications Vocational and Technical College as an example. The employment rate of graduates majoring in navigation reaches 100%, and the ratio of supply to demand is 1:4.

5. Can seaman be a profession? What are the career prospects?

Answer: A long time ago, seafaring was a coveted profession. Anyone whose family had an international seafarer would walk with their chest held high and their head held high.

Not only do seafarers earn more, they can travel around the world, and they can also bring some imported goods to their families from time to time, which is really enviable. Today, being a seafarer is still a very good profession: firstly, it adopts "order-based" training, and the training employment rate is higher than that of any major university; secondly, the professional income is high, and the training fees invested can be recovered one year after boarding the ship; Third, the labor intensity is low and modern ships are highly automated. Seafarers are mainly on duty and sit in offices; fourth, there are many opportunities for promotion. Ordinary seafarers can be promoted to senior seafarers, up to the captain (chief engineer).

6. Are there any dangers in working on a ship? What is the working environment like on the ship?

Answer: Modern ships have advanced equipment, high degree of informatization, and strong collision avoidance and wind resistance. The accident rate of international shipping ships is 0.3%, which is far safer than on land. Ocean-going ships are generally tens of meters wide and more than 100 meters or even hundreds of meters long. The working environment on board is very good.

7. What are the living conditions on the ship? What kind of insurance do shipowners pay for seafarers?

Answer: The living conditions on board are very good. Each senior seaman has a bedroom, office, bathroom, shower room, desk, wardrobe, sofa, refrigerator, etc. Each ordinary seaman has a bedroom, bathroom, table, wardrobe, sofa, etc. The public entertainment venues include video rooms, table tennis rooms, gyms, karaoke rooms, etc.

Seafarers’ clothing, food and accommodation on board are free of charge. Food standards are RMB 12-15 per day on domestic routes and US$4-6 per day on overseas routes. Daily necessities such as sheets, soap, towels, washing powder, toilet paper, etc. are also distributed free of charge on board.

Seafaring companies generally pay pension insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance for seafarers; when working on a ship, the shipowner pays accident insurance for seafarers.

8. How long do seafarers work on board a ship every day? How long does it take to go out to sea each time?

Answer: Seafarers work 8 hours a day on the ship; they generally work 8 to 10 months a year; the time of each sea voyage is determined according to the task and route.

9. How to arrange vacation for seafarers? How to pay for travel expenses?

Answer: Seafarers generally arrange a vacation once every 8 to 10 months of work, and the vacation lasts for 2 to 4 months. When they disembark from the ship, the company is responsible for reimbursing the round-trip travel expenses. Seafarers can also choose their working hours and vacation time according to their needs.

10. What are the current wages and benefits of seafarers?

Seafarers’ wages generally include three parts: basic wages, navigation allowances and labor fees. These three incomes are stable. The specific amount will also be determined based on the route, position, etc. At present, the reference salary is as follows:

1. Category C (coastal route)

Driving department salary (monthly salary) Engine department salary (monthly salary)

Captain 10,000- 16,000 yuan for the chief engineer, 10,000-15,000 yuan for the chief engineer

8,000-12,000 yuan for the first officer, 8,000-10,000 yuan for the second engineer officer

7,000-9,000 yuan for the second officer, 7,000-9,000 yuan for the second officer

Third mate 5,000--7,000 yuan, third tube wheel 5,000-7,000 yuan

Bosun 3,500-4,500 yuan, engineer chief 3,500-4,500 yuan

Sailor 2,500-3,500 Yuan Machinist RMB 2,500-3,500

2. Category B (near ocean routes: China-Korea, China-Japan, Southeast Asia, Taiwan routes), Category A (global routes)

Driving department salary (Monthly salary) Engineering department salary (monthly salary)

Captain 2000-3500 US dollars Chief engineer 2000-3300 US dollars

First mate 1500-2800 US dollars Second officer 1500-2800 US dollars

Second mate $1,200-1,800; Second mate $1,200-1,800

Third mate $800-$1,400; Third mate $800-1,400

Bosun $500-800 Chief Engineer: US$500-800

Sailor: US$400-600; Engineer: US$400-600: 11. How are seafarers paid?

Answer: Wages on board are paid at the end of every month, and labor fees and bonuses are paid immediately after each work is completed. Wages are never in arrears.

If a shipping company goes bankrupt and cannot pay wages, the maritime department of the country where the ship is located can auction the ship first and pay the crew wages first. If the shipowner is in arrears with wages, the seafarers can submit a complaint to the Maritime Safety Administration, in which case the shipowner's ship is likely to be detained and released after wages are paid.

12. What is the labor intensity of seafarers?

Answer: During the voyage, the crew on the ship rotates in three shifts every day, each shift lasts 8 hours; senior seafarers are on duty on the bridge, engine room control room or in their own indoor rooms; ordinary seafarers (machinists, sailors) do After get off work, there is free time, where you can watch videos, play cards, chess, chat, walk on the deck, etc. While at the dock, seafarers are not responsible for loading and unloading cargo. The loading and unloading work is completed by dock workers in the countries they are visiting. Except for the seafarers on duty, other personnel can go to the land to tour the scenery of various countries, go shopping, etc.

13. What should I do if seafarer trainees cannot be placed after graduation? What should a seafarer do if he cannot find a job due to personal reasons?

Answer: If the seafarer cannot be placed due to company reasons, all tuition fees will be refunded; if the seafarer cannot be employed due to personal reasons, he shall bear the responsibility himself.

4. Questions and Answers on Ordinary Seafarer Knowledge

1. What are the requirements to apply for the Ordinary Seafarer Examination?

Answer: Applicants for ordinary seafarers should generally meet the following conditions: (1) Male, aged 18-35 years old, no bad behavior record, and passionate about navigation. (2) Junior high school education or above, with a certain foundation in English. (3) Height of 1.65 or above, no color blindness or color weakness, naked eye visual acuity of not less than 1.0 for ship driving majors (third mate, sailor), and no less than 0.8 for ship engineering majors (third officer, mechanic); no stuttering, no Flat feet, normal liver function, no chronic diseases or infectious diseases, and in compliance with seafarer physical examination standards. Please see the "Admissions Brochure" for details.

2. How long is the training time for ordinary seamen? Where is the training location?

Answer: The training time for ordinary seamen is generally 4 months. Professional training must be conducted at a training institution with corresponding qualifications designated by the National Maritime Safety Administration. The crew company should contact the training institution for the specific training location.

3. Can ordinary seafarers obtain various certificates after training? What is the elimination rate?

Answer: Those who pass the interview can generally obtain various certificates. Those who fail to pass the exam have multiple opportunities to retake the exam. Judging from the ordinary seamen recruited in the past, the elimination rate does not exceed 1%.

4. How long is the internship time for an ordinary seaman? What are the internship fees and benefits?

Answer: The internship lasts for 6 months. The internship fees and benefits will be discussed in person when signing the agreement.

5. What courses are provided for sailor training?

Answer: Basic safety, sailor’s watch (main projects: simulated bridge steering, signal flag identification, etc.), sailor’s crafts (rope knotting, rope skimming, high-altitude operations, wire insertion, etc.), maritime English, English Listening and Conversation.

6. What courses are provided for machinist training?

Answer: Basic safety, ship diesel engine, ship auxiliary engine, ship electrical, engine management, mechanic on duty (main projects: diesel engine, auxiliary engine disassembly and assembly, and main and auxiliary engine operation management), mechanic English, English listening and conversation, metalworking (lathe, fitter, welder).

7. What are the responsibilities of a sailor?

Answer: Sailors on duty are support-level personnel in the daily operations and work of the deck department. Mainly engaged in: (1) helmsman during navigation and berthing and unberthing, and assisting with lookout; (2) leading and unmooring when berthing and berthing; (3) understanding the use of various marine signal lights and signal flags; (4) deck Specific operations of daily repair and maintenance; (5) Ship lifting and unloading crane and switch cabin operations; (6) Safe retraction and deployment of pilot ladders and gangways; (7) Understand the weaving and use of various rope knots and the insertion and splicing of steel wires.

8. What are the responsibilities of a machinist?

Answer: On-duty engineers are support-level personnel in the daily operations and work of the engineering department. Mainly engaged in: (1) Assisting the engineer in the daily repair and maintenance of the main engine, auxiliary machinery and related equipment; (2) Assisting the engineer in the daily repair and maintenance of the steering gear and windlass; (3) Understand various aspects of the engine room and deck Use and maintenance of ballast water pumps and fire water pumps; (4) Understand various hydraulic principles and mechanical braking principles; (5) Understand the introduction to turbines and electrical appliances; (6) Understand welding technology and essentials.

5. Questions and Answers on Senior Seafarer Knowledge

1. What are the requirements to apply for the Senior Seafarer Examination?

Answer: The academic qualifications require high school graduation or equivalent to high school education. Other conditions are the same as those of ordinary seafarers. Please see the "Admissions Brochure" for details.

2. How long is the training time for senior seafarers? Where is the training location?

Answer: The training time is 2 to 3 years, and you must obtain a nationally recognized college degree or technical secondary school degree in navigation. The training location is Dalian, Shanghai, Tianjin and other maritime universities or maritime vocational and technical colleges. Please see the "Admissions Brochure" for details.

3. Can senior seafarers obtain various certificates after training? What is the elimination rate?

Answer: If you pass the interview, pass the physical examination, and complete the training content after enrollment, you can generally obtain various certificates.

4. How long is the internship period for senior seafarers? What are the fees or remuneration for internships?

Answer: One-year internship. The internship fees or benefits will be discussed in person when signing the agreement.

5. What are the training courses for senior seamen (third mates) in the driving profession?

Answer: Navigation, navigation watch and collision avoidance, ship maneuvering, navigation meteorology and oceanography, ship signals, navigation instruments, maritime English, maritime cargo transportation, ship management, ship structure and equipment, maritime business Maritime law, introduction to marine machinery, international shipping market, shipping management, seafarer psychology, etc.

6. What are the training courses for senior mariners (third engineer) in the marine engineering profession?

Answer: Thermal Engineering Basics, Drawing Basics and Mechanical Drawing, Marine Machinery Basics, Marine Diesel Engines, Marine Auxiliary Engines, Marine English, Marine Maintenance and Repair, Electrical Engineering, Marine Electrical Equipment, Marine Automation, Ship Management wait.

7. What is the promotion procedure for senior seafarers?

Answer: After graduation, a senior seaman will be promoted to third officer (third officer) after one year of internship, and after serving for 18 months, he will be promoted to second officer (second officer) and appointed as second officer (second officer). ) can be promoted to Chief Mate (Second Officer) after passing the Maritime Safety Administration examination for 12 months, and being promoted to Captain (Chief Engineer) after serving as Chief Mate (Second Officer) for 18 months. I am QQ1456406422 and I also want to be a sailor...