Resettlement of immigrants in Shule River Basin

Study on the Development of Towns in Hexi Minority Areas in the Construction of Ecological Environment

Abstract: Hexi minority areas are located in the upper reaches of the main rivers in Hexi, and are the key areas of ecological construction in Hexi. Based on the analysis of the present situation and dynamic mechanism of urban development, this paper puts forward some strategic suggestions for the rapid and sustainable development of cities and towns with the goal of accelerating the urbanization process, reducing the pressure on regional ecological environment and improving the ecological contribution of cities and towns.

Keywords: ecological environment construction, characteristic industries, green human settlements

Study on Urban Development in Hexi Minority Areas Facing Ecological Environment Construction

Duan Huan -e 1 Li Zhigang 2

(1. Department of Geographic Information System, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070;

2. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084)

Abstract: Hexi ethnic minority area is located in the upper reaches of the main rivers in Hexi Corridor, and the ecological environment construction in this area has become the key to solve the ecological environment problems in Hexi Corridor from the source. Based on the analysis of the present situation and driving factors of urban development in this area, this paper puts forward some strategic suggestions for urban sustainable development, aiming at accelerating the urbanization process, alleviating the pressure on the ecological environment and improving the contribution of the city to the ecological environment.

Keywords: ecological environment construction; Special industries; Green human settlement

Hexi minority areas mainly refer to Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County and Aksai Kazak Autonomous County, which are distributed in the southwest of Hexi Corridor from east to west, with a total area of 6.5438+0.32 million km2. They are located in the upper reaches of major rivers in Hexi, such as Shiyang River, Heihe River, Shule River and Danghe River, and are the main bodies of water conservation areas in Hexi area and ecological protection projects in Qilian Mountain. With the change of global climate, the ecological environment in Hexi has become a hot and difficult point in environmental construction and protection in western China. How to improve the development level of upstream towns as soon as possible, speed up population and industrial agglomeration and reduce ecological pressure is an important measure to improve the ecological environment in Hexi area from the source, and it is also an inevitable choice to promote the sustainable development of ethnic areas.

1. Evaluation of urban development status

1. 1 The urbanization rate is high, but the urban development lacks the strong impetus of the secondary and tertiary industries.

In 2002, the urbanization rates of Aksai four counties were 72.38%, Subei 45.3 1%, Sunan 29. 13% and Tianzhu 14.05%, except Tianzhu County, which was lower than the average level of Gansu Province (24.57%). The three industrial structures are: 8.5 1: 58.82: 32.67,13.53: 54.73: 32.14, 40. 15: 33.47: 26.38 and 22.58 respectively. On the other hand, the high urbanization rate in Aksai, Subei and Sunan counties is largely due to the small population base and the large proportion of employees in administrative institutions in urban population. In fact, the proportion of urban population employed by secondary and tertiary industries is small, so the development of cities and towns still needs the support and drive of further population and industrial agglomeration.

1.2 The town scale is small and the administrative space layout is extremely uneven.

There are 4 county towns and 8 non-county towns in 4 ethnic autonomous counties. Compared with the population size of the county, the number of towns is quite large, but the distribution of administrative areas is extremely uneven. Tianzhu County governs 8 towns with an area of 0.7 1000 km2, and basically forms a first-class axis belt with Huazang Temple as the core, G3 12 and railway as the main axis, Huazang Temple-Shimen Town as the main axis, and Huazang Temple-Dachaigou-anyuan town County as the main axis. The other three counties are basically polar spatial structures with the county as the single center. Towns and villages outside the county are geographically poor and sparsely populated. Without the pull of large enterprises or construction projects, it is difficult to form a small town of a certain scale for a long time. Mazongshan Town in the north of Subei County, because it is far away from the county seat, is relatively independent from other areas of the county seat in terms of division of labor and urban construction planning. Therefore, the cohesion and radiation of cities and towns are very weak, and it is difficult to promote the efficient and coordinated development of county economy.

1.3 The infrastructure is backward, and the service capacity and service level of cities and towns for economic development are poor.

Except G3 12 of Tianzhu County is connected with the trunk line of Aksai Hongliuwan (G2 15), all other towns in the whole region deviate from the trunk line of Hexi Corridor, far away from the central cities of Hexi, such as Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Jiayuguan, and lack external radiation and drive. Due to the large investment gap and backward infrastructure construction in the town, in addition to the centralized water supply and heating during the construction of the new town of Hongliuwan in Aksai, the urban facilities such as heating, water supply and drainage and garbage disposal are backward, and the social facilities such as culture, education and health are tense, so the service capacity of the town for economic development is extremely limited.

1.4 Lack of scientific planning and long-term design, and insufficient urban development potential.

First of all, the understanding of urban scale and functional division is not clear enough. No matter how many towns there are in the four minority autonomous counties, there are some problems such as the lack of scientific prediction on the determination of urban development scale and the lack of effective design on the determination of urban industrial priorities. The fate of urban economy depends largely on the fate of a few enterprises. Secondly, the external forces such as the connection between the autonomous county and the surrounding areas have not been fully tapped. Without exception, the prefecture-level cities in the four counties are the most important external center of gravity, and the differences between county towns and prefecture-level cities in scale, industry and location conditions make the role of this force very limited. There is a lack of linkage mechanism of resource sharing and cooperative development within Autonomous County and with central and eastern Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and the development potential of cities and towns is insufficient.

2. Dynamic mechanism analysis of urban development

2. 1 The development of local mineral resources and tourism resources promotes rich resources, and the best spatial combination is the most prominent advantage in this area. The exploitation of mineral resources and crocidolite in Tianzhu Coal Mine, north and south of northern Jiangsu Province has strongly promoted the development of Tanshanling Town, Mazongshan Town, Dangcheng Bay and Liu Hong Bay, while the exploitation of tourism resources such as Tianzhu "Little Three Gorges" has directly promoted the establishment and development of Shimen Town.

2.2 Ecological migration is located at the northern foot of Qilian Mountain, which makes the development of towns in this area on the one hand build a platform for regional social and economic construction, on the other hand, it has great strategic significance such as resettling ecological migrants and accelerating population urbanization, thus reducing the ecological pressure on the vast mountainous areas and grasslands and enhancing water conservation and ecological protection in Hexi area. At present, a certain proportion of ecological immigrants are concentrated in various towns, and Aksai Liu Hong Bay has been directly developed due to ecological immigrants. Now, with the full-scale start of the ecological restoration and reconstruction project in the west, the intensity of ecological migration has been further increased, and cities and towns have received and resettled immigrants to varying degrees, and the population size of cities and towns will gradually expand.

2.3 Cross-regional traffic and communication promoted the gradual improvement of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, G3 12 and other traffic trunk lines, and effectively promoted the development of towns along the line. The development of Huazang Temple, Dachaigou, anyuan town, Mazongshan and other towns is directly driven by traffic exchange.

2.4 The improvement of the development level of agriculture and animal husbandry has promoted the transfer of rural population. The urbanization of agricultural population is the main reason for the population expansion of small towns. The improvement of the development level of agriculture and animal husbandry and structural adjustment in this area have effectively promoted the development and scale expansion of cities and towns. For example, 72% farmers and herdsmen in Subei County and 82% farmers and herdsmen in Aksai County have settled in the county, and gradually transferred to secondary and tertiary industries such as agricultural product processing, commerce and catering.

3. Strategic choice of urban development

The special geographical location makes the development of towns in this area shoulder the dual tasks of developing local economy and caring for the ecological security of the whole Hexi region. Therefore, the main task of urban development should be to establish a platform for regional modern economy, science and technology and management, so as to attract population and industrial agglomeration, reduce rural ecological pressure, promote environmental protection and construction, and gradually form a strategic mechanism for regional sustainable development.

3. 1 basically stabilize the number of towns, expand the scale of towns, and improve the functions of towns.

As mentioned above, compared with the regional population size, there are quite a few towns in the four minority autonomous counties in Hexi. At present, the main problems are small towns, weak self-development ability and driving force. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to expand the scale of counties and towns and form county economic agglomeration centers and radiation sources. Tianzhu county should expand the scale of towns along G3 12, strengthen the county-level axis belt with the county as the center, expand the scale of Shimen town, actively explore the road of sustainable development of Tanshanling town, promote the development of secondary axis belt, and expand the anti-L-shaped spatial network framework with the county as the center and traffic trunk lines as the link. Sunan County can make use of the development of tourism resources in Horseshoe Temple and Qifeng District and the conditions close to the main traffic lines to set up towns, form two "portals" in the east and west of the county, and build a "one center, two portals" urban system structure. Minghua District is the main migration area for ecological migrants in Sunan County, where farming and aquaculture are relatively concentrated, and small towns can be set up in the long-term (after 2020) planning. Subei County and Aksai County have a small population, and 72% of the herdsmen in Subei County and Aksai County live in county towns, which are not suitable for building new cities. In the future, the focus is to improve the functions of the county, improve the environment of the county, and build a solid platform for the social and economic development of the county.

3.2 Comprehensive development of characteristic resources and development of characteristic industry-driven towns.

Characteristics are the internal driving force for backward areas to achieve leap-forward development. The rich mineral resources, special landform and ecological landscape, simple and unique ethnic customs, ancient and distant culture and other tourism resources in this area, as well as the increasingly developed animal husbandry in a pure natural environment, provide unique conditions for the rapid and all-round development of this area. This coincides with the regional transfer of industrial structure and the new hot spots in the tourism market, such as ethnic customs tour, diversified scenery tour, characteristic culture tour, ecological sightseeing tour, fitness tour and nostalgia tour, but the lack of a comprehensive and coordinated industrial development platform has long restricted the development of characteristic economy. Therefore, we should strengthen the research and design of urban development direction and develop towns driven by characteristic industries.

3.2. 1 Improve the urban environment and develop tourist towns 1 Make full use of the existing industrial bases such as mineral resources and primary processing of livestock products in towns such as Aksai Hongliuwan, Hongwansi in Sunan County and Dangchengwan in Subei County, strengthen the comprehensive development of resources, take industrial and mining development as the driving force and financing means for the county's recent development, strengthen urban infrastructure construction, improve the urban environment and service level, and at the same time, become stronger. Strengthen the planning, development and management of Tianzhu "Little Three Gorges", South Jiangsu Horseshoe Temple, manjusri temple and other scenic spots, strengthen ecological construction and protection, and highlight the tourism characteristics of Shimen Town, Horseshoe Temple and Qifeng District.

3.2.2 Deepen mineral development and promote the sustainable development of resource-based towns. The area is rich in mineral resources such as asbestos, coal, iron, manganese and building materials, and the mineral development and processing industry has begun to take shape. Tanshanling Town, Tianzhu County is mainly engaged in coal development, and Axel asbestos income accounts for more than 90% of the county's fiscal revenue. The development of mineral resources such as Huazang Temple in Tianzhu County, Haxi Town, Hongwan Temple in Sunan County and Mazongshan Town in Subei County all account for it. Further strengthen the comprehensive development of mineral resources, increase the proportion of environmental protection products, actively explore alternative industries, avoid the development mode of "exhaustion of mines and decline of cities" and ecological destruction as soon as possible, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of cities and towns.

3.2.3 Accelerating the industrialization of animal husbandry and strengthening animal husbandry in characteristic agricultural towns are the main parts of rural economy in Hexi ethnic areas. The natural grassland in this area is vast and pollution-free, close to the grassland base of Jiuquan and Zhangye Oasis. White yak and other livestock breeds are unique, and there are large groups such as Inner Mongolia Grassland Xingfa to invest and cooperate to speed up the process of collectivization and industrialization of animal husbandry. On the one hand, it can extend the animal husbandry industry chain and increase the added value of products. On the other hand, promoting the intensive utilization of grassland resources, strengthening the overall management of grassland, enhancing the ability of grassland to conserve water, and accelerating the transfer and resettlement of rural surplus labor force will not only reduce the ecological pressure on grassland, but also promote the development of small agricultural towns and improve the economic, social and ecological benefits of animal husbandry development. The processing of livestock products such as Huazang Temple, anyuan town, Haxi Town in Tianzhu County and Hongwan Temple in Sunan County has a certain foundation and a broad market prospect. Further reform the grassland land circulation system, actively develop characteristic animal products closely combined with the cultural customs of ethnic minorities, realize the industrialization of animal husbandry and promote the development of characteristic agricultural towns.

3.2.4 Make full use of the opportunity of traffic construction to develop traffic service-oriented towns. The towns near the main traffic lines in this area mainly include Huazang Temple in Tianzhu County, Dachaigou (Lan Xin Railway, G3 12), Hongliuwan in Aksai County (G2 15) and Mazongshan Town in Subei County, among which Dachaigou Town is the transfer station at the eastern end of Wushaoling Railway Tunnel, and Mazongshan Town is the only one in Gansu Province.

3.3 Strengthen the management and protection of ecological environment and build ecological towns.

This area is located in the ecological sensitive area of Qilian Mountain, which is the barrier of Hexi ecological environment. Urban development must pay attention to ecological environment protection, improve water-saving awareness and build water-saving towns. Although in terms of quantity, the per capita water resources in Hexi area is slightly higher than that in the water-deficient areas in the north, and being located in the upper reaches of the river provides certain priority conditions for water use in this area, water resources are still the primary factor restricting the development of cities and towns in terms of society, economy, ecology and the development of the whole basin. Therefore, we must strengthen the awareness of water conservation, strengthen the control and management of urban water use, improve the sewage treatment rate and resource utilization rate, accelerate the pace of water price adjustment, and promote the commercialization of water resources. 2. Strengthen environmental governance and ecosystem design, and build a "green town". Mainly to strengthen the construction and transformation of ecological facilities, strengthen the proportion of harmless treatment of industrial "three wastes" and domestic garbage, speed up the construction of urban green space and shelter forest system, and build cities and towns into prosperous, harmonious, clean and beautiful green living spaces; 3. Reasonably plan the scale of urban space and build land-saving towns. The biggest feature of northwest China is its vast territory and sparse population. Compared with the population size, except Tianzhu County (0.7 1 10,000 km2), Hexi minority areas have a vast land area, but mountains, deserts and Gobi account for a large proportion. Therefore, the development of cities and towns must save the limited available land and scientifically plan and control the land scale.

3.4 Expand the space cooperation network and promote urban development with the help of external forces.

Compared with the corridor plain, in the future, the location is remote and the region is relatively closed, and the shortage of funds, talents and technology will still be the bottleneck restricting the development of this region. Therefore, it is necessary to break the division of administrative boundaries and establish an all-round open urban spatial cooperation network: 1 East-west network: with four counties as the center and non-county towns as the important fulcrum, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between them, and build an urban network system featuring livestock products and mineral products processing, folk customs and eco-tourism in ethnic areas at the northern foot of Qilian Mountain. North-South Network: Strengthen the road, communication, technology and economic links between ethnic autonomous counties and central cities such as Hexi, Lanzhou and Golmud, speed up the cooperation and systematic integration between towns in ethnic areas and surrounding areas and even the whole country, make up for the disadvantages of the development of ethnic minority areas by using the radiation and drive of large and medium-sized cities, and inject new vitality into the development of towns in this area.

3.5 Reflect the national culture and highlight the national characteristics of cities and towns.

2 1 century towns are not only economic competition and technological competition, but also cultural competition and environmental competition [5]. This region has a long national history, rich and colorful national culture and unique national customs, which blend with the ancient Silk Road culture and modern culture and become a unique "national cultural oasis" in Hexi. Therefore, it is an important choice to strengthen the research and development of national culture, inherit and reflect the national historical context in urban construction, show national culture in urban architectural style, industrial products and humanistic spirit, and enhance the cultural connotation and national characteristics of urban landscape, so as to establish regional image and enhance urban competitiveness.

4. Concluding remarks

The ecological environment problem in Hexi is a long-term strategic problem that must be solved in the whole Hexi region and even the northwest region. In addition to accelerating the process of urbanization in the upper reaches of ethnic minority areas, reducing ecological pressure and strengthening water resources protection, it is also necessary to: 1 apply modern scientific and technological means to make overall planning and unified management of water resources, coordinate the share of water distribution between urban and rural areas and between the upper and lower reaches, save water resources and protect the water environment; 2. Increase the intensity of ecological migration, and move the scattered population in water conservation areas, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, eco-tourism areas and Gobi desert grassland areas into cities and towns as soon as possible, and encourage them to engage in secondary and tertiary industries; 3. Establish an ecological return system of urban industrial profits, extract a certain proportion from urban industrial taxes, establish an ecological investment fund, and establish a compensation mechanism from downstream to upstream, link the development and utilization of downstream water resources with the conservation and protection of upstream water resources, invest in all directions, and strive to promote the overall improvement of the ecological environment in Hexi.

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[3] thank you. Urban economics. Tsinghua University Publishing House, Beijing, 1996.9.

[4] Dong Xiaofeng and He Xinsheng. Study on the ways to promote urbanization in northwest China. Economic Geography, 2004(2)

[5] Cheng Pei. China City Council held a seminar on city image construction. Urban Planning Newsletter, 2000 (12).