Comprehensive analysis of environmental impact of reservoir engineering

This project is related to the overall ecological situation, and the main projects include reservoir dams and power plants. In addition, there are a series of supporting, auxiliary and public works such as diversion culvert, traffic road and construction road network. In the evaluation, we must fully consider the impact of these projects on the environment. Among them, the main project has a particularly significant impact on the environment. In addition, we also need to analyze the construction period and operation period in order to fully understand the possible environmental problems in these two stages.

Environmental impact during construction

In the construction stage, some direct influences cannot be ignored. For example, construction may occupy land and destroy vegetation, which may lead to soil erosion. In addition, noise, dust and "three wastes" pollution in the construction site are also a problem. At the same time, the construction may also cause damage to the natural landscape and historical sites and interfere with the habitat of wild animals. In order to reduce these impacts, reasonable planning and strict management are essential.

Environmental impact during operation period

During the operation period, the reservoir dam project may cause a series of environmental problems. For example, they will flood the land, resulting in the loss of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and wetland resources. The inundation of large areas of vegetation will also cause the loss of biodiversity. In addition, some cultural relics with historical, cultural and aesthetic values may also be destroyed. At the same time, the construction of reservoirs may also block the passage of migratory organisms, even affect the self-purification ability of water bodies, and aggravate soil erosion and other problems.

Reservoir resettlement problem

In addition to the above direct effects, reservoir migration is also a big problem. A large number of immigrants will increase the pressure on land and water resources in new immigrant areas, which may lead to problems such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and reclamation of wasteland, further aggravating soil erosion.

Multifunctional and sustainable development

In addition, many hydropower projects have multiple functions, and there may be contradictions between these functions, so it is necessary to coordinate their main functions. The influence of reservoir dams is often basin-based, so it is necessary to coordinate the water use and environmental protection of the whole basin from the perspective of sustainable development.

indirect effect

Finally, there are some indirect effects that cannot be ignored. For example, traffic, transmission lines and communication facilities flooded by reservoirs need to be rebuilt, which may cause a series of problems. In addition, the influx of a large number of migrants may also lead to the formation of new towns, thus changing the ecological structure of the region.