The origin of the surname Fang.

There are five origins of Fang's surname:

1. From Ji's surname, Lei Sun, a descendant of Shennong of the Yellow Emperor, took the name of the feudal city as his surname. According to "Customs Tong Yi" and "Shiben", it is said that Lei Sun, the descendant of Shennong, the ancient Yellow Emperor, was sealed in Fangshan (now in the north-central part of Henan Province, starting from Longmen in Luoyang in the west, extending to the east of Mi County, and stretching over Songshan in Yichuan, Yanshi, Gongyi, Dengfeng, Xingyang and Mi County), and later generations took the name of Fengyi as Fang. Because Fang Lei's family "sealed Fangshan Mountain with merit" when the Yellow Emperor was in ancient times, the base of the Yellow Emperor was mainly in Henan, so it should be said that Fang originated from Songshan Mountain in Henan.

2. It comes from the surname of Ji, and is the surname of Zuzi after Zhou Xuanwang's doctor Ji Fangshu in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. According to Yuan He's Family Name Compilation and Tong Zhi Clan Brief, when the King was proclaimed in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a doctor, Uncle Ji Fang, who made great contributions to the conquest of Huai Yi, especially to quell the rebellion of Jing Man in the south. Zhou Xuanwang made Uncle Fang Yu Luo (now Luoyang City, Henan Province), and his grandson took Zuzi as his surname, called Fang Shi.

3. It comes from Fang Lei's family and Fang Xiang's family. After Wang Zilei, the eighth generation Sun Diyu of Shennong, he took the place name as his surname. Legend has it that a descendant of Shennong began to get the surname Lei. It was passed on to Lei, the son of Sun Di Yu Wang in the eighth generation. When the Yellow Emperor cut Chiyou, he was sealed in Fangshan (roughly the south of Yexian County in Henan Province today) for his work, and later descendants took the place name as their surname. And Fang Xiangshi, the Yellow Emperor after Mo Mu. It is also the Fang family in Henan Province (suspected to have the same surname as the above "1").

4. It comes from the surname Ji, and was divided by Weng Gan, a native of Quanzhou, Fujian Province in the early Song Dynasty. According to Yuan He surname compilation, Weng Gan (a descendant of Ji surname) was born in Quanzhou, Fujian Province in the early Song Dynasty, and he had six sons, all of whom were scholars. There are six surnames: Hong, Jiang, Weng, Fang, Gong and Wang, among which the fourth son is Fang and his descendants are Fang.

5. There are Fang surnames from other ethnic minorities. For example, today's Manchu, Mongolian, Dai, Hui, Tujia, Korean, Taiwan Province aborigines, Zhuang and other ethnic groups all have this surname.

First ancestor: Ji Fanglei. The ninth generation grandson of Emperor Yan Shennong. When the Yellow Emperor attacked Chiyou, the two sides fought fiercely in Zhuolu, and Lei bravely killed the enemy, ignoring life and death, and helped the Yellow Emperor to eliminate Chiyou. After the victory of the war, the Yellow Emperor rewarded his merits, and Lei was sealed in Fangshan (now Longxian County, Shaanxi Province). In the Xia Dynasty, its tribe moved to the south of Yexian County and the northeast of Fangcheng County in Henan Province. Later, some descendants took the feudal city as their surname, called Fang surname, and they respected Ji Fanglei as the ancestor of Fang surname.

II. Migration and distribution

Fang's surname originated in Henan Province, and later some Fang's surnames appeared in various parts of the south became noble families, all of which were the result of the spread of Henan's surname to the south. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gushi was born in Yinfang, Runan, and moved to Dongxiang, Shexian County, Anhui Province to avoid the chaos of Wang Mang. The descendants of Fang Zan, the eldest son of his third grandson, moved to Yan, Qu, Wu and Yue, and the descendants of Fang Guan, the second brother of Zan, moved to Jiujiang, Chuyang and Putian, while the descendants of Fang Hong, the third brother, moved to Hui, Xuan, Chi, Xiu and Hu. Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were also Fang residents in Qingzhou (now Zibo, Shandong Province), Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi Province) and some areas in the north. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang, the father and son from Henan Province, entered Fujian to open Zhangzhou and settled in Zhangzhou. During Tang Dezong's middle and old age, Fang Wangshu, the governor-general, moved back from Shexian County, Anhui Province to Fanglongshan, Gushi County, Henan Province. Fang Wangshu had Sun Mingting Tao, and his descendants moved to Rao, Xin, Jiang and Su Counties. Another Sun Fangting, Fan Fangting, moved to Latong Lane in Putian and changed his name to Fangxiang Lane because of his official career and avoiding chaos. His six sons were all scholars, and some of his descendants married Arabs and believed in Islam. Later, one of them moved to Qiongzhou, Hainan Island to avoid chaos in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At this time, a Fang surname moved south from Gushi, Henan Province, first to Fuzhou, Fujian Province, and then to Longxi, Zhangzhou. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Fang suffered an unprecedented disaster because of Fang Xiaoru. The Prince of Yan killed Fang Xiaoru and destroyed his ten families (nine families plus students) at the same time. More than 87 people were killed by the collective punishment, and tens of thousands of people were banished. Some of them fled to Junzhou (now Yuzhou) in Henan Province, and later developed into a big family. At the same time, Fang's surname, as one of the surnames of the people who moved to Hongdong pagoda tree in Ming Dynasty, was moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi and other places. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, a group from Longxi, Zhangzhou, moved to Taiwan Province Province. Soon, there were also people named Fang from Fujian and Guangdong who entered Taiwan, and later there were people who crossed the ocean and settled in a foreign country. It can be seen that Fang's surname not only developed and multiplied in the Central Plains, but also moved to the south many times, widely distributed in various provinces in the south of the Yangtze River, and some of them became local famous families. Today, Fang surname is widely distributed in China, especially in Anhui and Henan provinces, which account for about 35% of the population of Han nationality. Zhejiang, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian and Yunnan also have this surname, and the Fang surname in these seven provinces accounts for about 73% of the population of Han nationality in China. Fang is the 62nd most popular surname in China, with a large population, accounting for .36% of the Han population in China.

Third, historical celebrity

Fang Gan: Xinding (now Jiande, Zhejiang Province), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was not admitted to the imperial examination because of his lack of lips, so he lived in seclusion in Huiji Jinghu Lake and never became an official. His poems are well-known in the south of the Yangtze River, mostly with lingering scenery and low style as the theme, which was posthumously given, and the Collection of Mr. Xuan Ying was handed down from generation to generation.

Fang Qing: the leader of peasant uprising in Tang dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, she was a native of Shezhou (she county, where she ruled). In 762, a large-scale epidemic occurred in the south of the Yangtze River, and the people were miserable. Fang Qing led the hungry people in Zhangzhou to rise up. With the help of the mountainous areas, it was like a confrontation between the government and the army, and the team grew to tens of thousands in a short time. In 763, Fang Qing led the peasant army into Wushi Mountain in Qiupu, Guichi, and joined the Chen Zhuang and Chen Wuyi armies in Guangde area, taking an active offensive posture and connecting the surrounding counties and cities. In the first month of 765, Fang Qing's army stationed in Shidai County, and when the government troops were not well prepared, they bravely attacked, conquered Shezhou, captured and killed Pang Jun, the secretariat, and for a time, they were powerful in Jiangnan. Since then, Fang Qing built a city in Chishan Town, yi county, and self-built Changmen County. In 766 (the second year of Yongtai, Tang Daizong), the Tang Dynasty sent a general, Li Guangbi, to suppress, and the main force of Tang Jun got the help of thousands of vigilantes, Wu Renhuan, a strong gentry. Fang Qing was outnumbered and sacrificed.

Fang Hui: The common surname is Leng (992-149), a native of Yichun, Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi Province). Be a small official first, be incompetent, become a monk, and learn Zen from Chu Yuan. Later, he preached dharma in Yangqi Mountain and Yungai Mountain, and his words and deeds were often even more bizarre. For example, the class said, "Give the ancients a case and give it to the public." After a while, he said, "I can only eat." Another example is: "Ciming set up a fast on the anniversary of the death, and all the talents gathered. Before the portrait, the teacher put his fist on his head with both hands, drew a picture with the seat, made a round picture, burned incense, and retired for three steps to worship as a woman." It can be seen that the teaching method is still the strange police of Linji Sect and Yunmen Sect. Disciples of the heir method include Baiyun Shouduan, Baoning Renyong and so on. He died in the first year of Emperor You of Song Renzong (149) at the age of 58. Yang Qizong, one of the two tribes of Linji Sect, was founded by Zen master Fang Hui, and Yang Qizong was the main vein of Linji Sect. After Fanghui Sect, Linji Sect continued.

Fang La: a native of Qingxi (now Chun 'an, Zhejiang Province) in Muzhou, and a native of Shezhou (now Shexian, Anhui Province), was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. In 112, he led a mass uprising, calling himself "Shenggong" and establishing "Yongle". The insurgents captured dozens of counties and shook the southeast. The following summer, he died in Kaifeng after being captured.

Fang Yue: a poet in Song Dynasty. Jushan (1199-1262),No. Qiuya, was born in Qimen, Xin 'an (now Anhui Province). Li Zongshao was a scholar for five years (in 1232). He once taught literature, and later served as the prefect of Yuanzhou and assistant minister of the official department. Shi Songzhi, Daquan Ding, and Jia Sidao were all frustrated in their careers. Works in poetry, describes rural life and rural scenery, and is simple and natural. His poems mostly express patriotism and worry about the times, and their style is clear and healthy. He is the author of 4 volumes of Autumn Cliff Collection, and his ci collection includes Autumn Cliff Ci.

Fang Feng: a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word Shao Qing (1241-1322) was born in Jingshan and Pujiang (now Zhejiang Province). At the end of the Song Dynasty, he was appointed as Rongzhou Literature, and retired to Xianhuashan in Yuan Dynasty. Poetry often expresses the pain of national subjugation. There is "The Legacy of Cunyatang".

Fang Hui: a poet in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. The word Wan Li (1227-137) was born in Shexian County. Song Jingding was a scholar and knew Yanzhou. Yuan, awarded jiande road manager. After the dismissal from office, he traveled between Hangzhou and Kaifeng. In his later years, he made a living by selling articles in Hangzhou. He once edited Ying Kui Shen Mu. He is the author of Tongjiang Collection and so on.

Fang Bao: Feng Jiu (1668-1749), Ling Gao, Wangxi, a native of Tongcheng, Anhui Province, was a famous essayist in Qing Dynasty. He was a scholar during the reign of Kangxi. He was imprisoned in 1711 because of the involvement of the literary inquisition, and was rescued and released two years later. After the official to assistant minister does. He was the founder of Tongcheng School's ancient prose, which was quite influential at that time. It is argued that writing an article should pay attention to "righteousness", which refers to the content of the article and should conform to the feudal ethics; "Method" refers to the formal skills of an article, which should be structured and elegant in language; So as to achieve "the words have substance" and "the words are orderly". Advocate the principle of justice, textual research and word chapter. Most of his articles advocate feudal ethics, and some of them are also of great ideological significance. The famous "Miscellaneous Notes in Prison" describes all kinds of ugly facts heard and witnessed in prison, and exposes the decay and darkness of the judicial system in Qing Dynasty. He is the author of The Complete Works of Mr. Fang Wangxi.

Fang Xun: Lan Di (1736-1799), a lazy Confucian, also known as Lan Shi, Lan Ru, Lan Sheng, was born in Shimen (now Chongde), Zhejiang Province. He was a painter and painter in the Qing Dynasty, and was good at painting landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, grass insects, especially sketching. Lan Shiyou Huimin traveled all over Zhejiang with his father since childhood, with broad horizons and extensive learning, which enabled him to achieve the great cause of his painting. As famous as the painter Xi Gang, he is known as "Fang Xi" in the world. He is the author of "The Painting of Mountain Quiet Residence" handed down from generation to generation.

Fang Congyi, a native of Guixi (now Jiangxi Province), was a painter in Yuan Dynasty, who was famous for his skillful writing of Yunshan, and his pen and ink were pale and moist. Fang Hui: A native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, was a writer in the Yuan Dynasty. He flaunted the Jiangxi School of Poetry and advocated the theory of one ancestor (Du Fu as one ancestor) and three schools (Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao and Chen Yuyi as three schools). He edited Ying Kui Lv Sui and selected the regular poems since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and now he has Tongjiang Collection.

Fang Keqin: Zi Yu 'an, a native of Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, was the magistrate of Jining (now Shandong Province) for three years in the Ming Dynasty, and his household registration doubled with benevolent government. He was killed for committing an "empty seal case". In the Ming Dynasty, the Ritual Department gave the matter a straight dialect, and they were two brothers with Fang Keqin. In order to avoid implicating each other, the dialect moved their clan line to the top of the capital in southern Jiangxi, which was also called the top of the stream and the king under the stream to commemorate their feelings with Fang Keqin's flesh and blood brothers. After Fang Xiaoru was implicated, Fang's remaining veins in Ninghai, Zhejiang moved to Gannan. Filial piety and children's grandchildren were rescued by the outspoken son and successfully fled to Gannan. He is the author of Khan Manji.

Fang Xiaoru: He is called Mr. Zhengxue and the son of Fang Keqin. Hai people in Ning Province, Zhejiang Province, were writers in the early Ming Dynasty. Young and intelligent, and long after learning from Song Lian, he has the reputation of "Han Zi". In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392), Professor Hanzhong was recommended. At the beginning of Jianwen, he was called as an assistant lecturer for Hanlin, moved to a bachelor's degree as an assistant lecturer, and changed to a doctor of literature and the president's Records of Mao after the official system was changed. Advocating retro restructuring and creating a mine field has a great influence on Jianwen's political affairs. In the battle of Jing Nan, the imperial court issued many imperial edicts. Zhu Gaochi, the prince of Yan, once sent a letter to the book, trying to alienate the prince and his son in order to slow down Yan Shi, but failed. After the prince seized the throne, he was ordered to draft a letter to the throne, but he insisted on it and was destroyed by ten families. However, Fang Xiaoru is not immortal, because the stories of Zhong Yu and Zhong Xian have been circulated in the local area to this day. His works are very rich, including Filial Piety, Commandment and Desire, Notes on the History of Song Dynasty, Records of the Emperor's Basic Life, etc. It is forbidden to hide his books in Yongle, and the offender will die. Later generations compiled his legacy into Xun Zhi Zhai Ji.

Fang Yizhi, a native of Tongcheng, Anhui Province, was a beginner in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties. He was once an official in the Imperial Academy in the late Ming Dynasty and was one of the four sons of the Ming Dynasty. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he became a monk, and wrote Tong Ya, A Brief Introduction to Physics and Everything.

Fang Weiyi: Zhong Xian, whose name is Zi Weiyi, was born in Tongcheng, Anhui Province in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. She was an aunt of Fang Yizhi, and was widowed. She educated Fang Yizhi with her sister-in-law, and wrote The Collection of Qingfeng Pavilion, and also compiled her works in the past dynasties as The History of Poems of Palace Ladies.

Fang Guoliang: a famous doctor in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Fang Guo Liang Yuan studied Confucianism. Frustrated by the imperial examination, he abandoned Confucianism to study medicine. He studied medical books such as Jin Jian of Medical Zong and Authentic Surgery, specializing in surgical practice. He was famous for spreading desire, Jixi, Changhua and Chun 'an, and many people sought medical treatment. His sons Xu Bao, Sun Yizhu and Great-grandson Cheng Chun all inherited their business and became famous for their doctors. He came to Sun Jiawan (known as Dezhang), inherited ancestral surgery, and opened Chunshengtang pharmacy in Hongqin village. The doctor's name was great, and the number of patients was endless, and he wrote the Secret Book of Dezhang Ancestral Surgery. The family is full of glory, and Sun De is arrogant and virtuous. His great-grandson has inherited his studies, and he is still specializing in surgery in Pheasant Dock. Pheasant dock surgery has special effects on unknown swelling and toxin such as back gangrene, waist gangrene, typhoid fever with five swelling, breast gangrene, and sore treatment. Fang believes that surgical diseases are all caused by "wind from the top and dampness from the bottom", so it is necessary to treat them both internally and externally. In addition to refining the external application of various pills, powders, pastes and pills handed down from ancestors, Shi Zhi also pays attention to oral administration. It is also pointed out that not all surgical diseases are caused by fiery poison, and besides treating sores, heat-clearing and antidote are rarely used.

Fang Yurun: The word "You You You" is also a stone, so he named himself HarmonyOS Zi. Born in 1811 in Chengxi Street, Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture. John Bowring (now Guangnan, Yunnan Province) was a scholar, writer and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. He has made many achievements in the field of culture. Fang Yurun likes to study poetry books since childhood, and he is well-read, but he is not interested in the classics of the examination. For this reason, his father locked him in his study and forced him to devote himself to the study of Confucian classics, in order to glorify his ancestors in the high school of Kechang. Zeng Guan went to Longzhou to sentence. In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), Li Qinbo, the magistrate of Fengxiang, appointed Fang Yurun to represent Qianyang and Linyou county magistrate successively. He died on August 24th, 1883 at the age of 73.

Fang Shengdong, a native of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, was a modern democratic revolutionary. In his early years, he went to Japan to study and joined the League. His brother Fang Shengtao, his aunt, his sister-in-law and his wife were all members of the League. Later, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising and was martyred as one of the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Fang Zhimin: Yiyang, Jiangxi, a proletarian revolutionary in China. In 1923, he joined the * * * production party in China, and was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In 1934, he led the Red Tenth Army to the north as an anti-Japanese advance team, and was later captured by a traitor. He died heroically in Nanchang on August 6, 1935. At the age of 56. His posthumous works include Lovely China.

IV.No. of the County Lookout Hall

1. County Lookout

Henan County: In the second year of Emperor Gaozu (in 25 BC), it was changed to Sanchuan County of Qin Dynasty, where it was located in Luoyang (now northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province). In Sui Dynasty, there was Henan County in Yuzhou, and in Tang Dynasty, it was Henan Prefecture in Luozhou, and its jurisdiction was much smaller than that in Han and Henan counties. Yuan is the road, Ming is the government.

Xin' an County: the first county in Qin Dynasty. Jin was Xin 'an County, and the place of governance began to be new (now Chun 'an, Zhejiang Province), and then moved to Shexian County, a security emblem province.

2. TangNo.

Zhengxuetang: Fang Xiaoru in Ming Dynasty, Hong Wuchu was a professor in Hanzhong, and King Xian of Shu hired him as the teacher of the Prince. At the time of writing, he entered Beijing as a bachelor's lecturer, and his book was called "Zhengxuetang", and people called him "Mr. Zhengxue". Zhu Di, the prince of Yan, seized the throne and forced Fang Xiaoru to write a letter to the throne. He refused to write it, and he was killed and martyred.

in addition, there are hall numbers: Henan Hall, Liugui Hall, Dunben Hall, Viewing Auditorium, Lunxu Hall, Chengyu Hall, Dunbi Hall, Sicheng Hall, Shaoyuan Hall, Chongqing Hall, Chongkao Hall and Chongqing Hall.