Who can know the historical information about Dali, Yunnan?

Nanzhao State and Dali State —— The History of Dali

The origin of Nanzhao

At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, there were many tribes of Wu and Bai Man around Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan, and in the northern areas of Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain. From 649 to 902 AD, the Uman and the White Man in the southwest of China jointly established the frontier ethnic regime of slavery. It is generally believed that Wuman is the ancestor of Yi people today. Among them, there are six most powerful Wuman tribes, which are called "Six Imperial edicts" in history ("Imperial edicts" means kings), namely Mengshe, Menglang, Langqiong, Luodeng, Shi Lang and Yueyan; Or "Eight Letters", plus the letters Shihe and Shiqiao (written in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty at that time and studied in Yichuan and Luoshi). The imperial edict of Mengshe is located in the south of each imperial edict, so it is also called Nanzhao. In 649, Xi Nuluo, the leader of Zhao She, established "Great Mongolia", calling himself "King of the Family". His minister was from the Tang Dynasty and sent envoys to pay tribute. When Wu Zetian was in power, his son Luo Sheng personally entered the DPRK. The imperial edict of Dream Society originally lived in Dream Society (now northwest of Weishan, Yunnan). By the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Luo Sheng's grandson had unified six imperial edicts and moved the capital to Taihe City (now Nantaihe Village, Dali, Yunnan). In 779, he moved to Baba City, Yang Yang (now Dali, Yunnan). In 738, Tang Ci named Pi Luoge as Meng Guiyi and the king of Yunnan. With Erhai Lake as the center, Pirog and his son Luo Feng developed their power, wiped out cuan clan in central, eastern and southern Yunnan to the east, and included Xunchuan, Puzi, Wangmaozi and other ethnic areas in the west of Lancang River to the southwest. Nanzhao has played a positive role in the development of China's production and the economic and cultural ties between this region and Central and South Asia and the Central Plains.

The unification of Nanzhao's six imperial edicts was originally promoted by the Tang Dynasty. After reunification, Nanzhao expanded outward. In the Tang Dynasty, Yaozhou (now Taoanbei, Yunnan) and Jian 'an Ningcheng (now Yunnan) were established, which developed their influence in various parts of Yunnan today and conflicted with Nanzhao. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty began to restrain the expansion of Nanzhao. However, Jian Nan's envoy was rarely in Zhongtong, and Yunnan's satrap Zhang Qiantuo further intensified the contradiction between the two sides. In 750, Ge Luofeng sent troops to capture Yaozhou, killed Qian Tuo, and then attached Tubo to the Tang Dynasty. In 752, Tubo named it "Zanpuzhong", which means the brother of the Tubo king, and sealed it as the golden seal, the so-called "East Emperor". At that time, Yang was conquering and mobilized hundreds of soldiers from all over the country, but he was defeated by Nanzhao. Later, after the Anshi Rebellion, Tubo moved eastward, and the Tang Dynasty was unable to cope with the southwest. Nanzhao took the opportunity to expand its territory and took control of the south of Dadu River in Sichuan, including southwest Sichuan, the whole of Yunnan and the vast area in northwest Guizhou. Nanzhao was the most powerful when Ge Luofeng's grandson found another place. He attacked Jiannan Xichuan with 200,000 troops and Tubo. Tubo took Nanzhao as a vassal state, and sent troops to it to pay taxes, and also sent troops to its territory, which Wang Yimou of Nanzhao could not find. In 787, Wei Gao, Tang Jian's envoy to Nanzhao, continued to fight for Nanzhao. In 789, Tubo and Uighur fought for the Northern Dynasty and surrendered Nanzhao army, which caused Nanzhao's dissatisfaction. In 794, Nanzhao finally broke away from Tubo and resumed its alliance with Tang. The joint forces with Tang defeated Tubo, and Yi Mouxun accepted the title of "Nanzhao King" of Tang. However, due to the needs of the development of slavery economy, Nanzhao still waged wars on the surrounding areas from time to time to plunder the population and serve as slaves. In 829, Nanzhao captured Chengdu and plundered tens of thousands of craftsmen's children. In the mid-9th century, the Tubo regime collapsed, and the national strength of the Tang Dynasty was also very weak. Nanzhao had no worries about the northwest and invaded the Tang territory more frequently, which became the most serious border disaster in the late Tang Dynasty.

Nanzhao's political system was deeply influenced by the Central Plains. In the early days, there were six official systems: soldier Cao, household Cao, guest Cao, fa Cao, scholar Cao and Cang Cao, which basically followed the local official system in the Tang Dynasty. Later, Cao Liu was changed to three branches and nine coolings. The three branches are: begging, the main horse; Luto, the main cow; Giant support, main warehouse. Nine pairs are: the curtain is cool, the main soldier; Shuang Shuang, the main household registration; Kindness, the main ceremony; Punishment is cool, the main punishment; Advise the chief officer to double; Jue Shuang, the main work; Wan Shuang, the main financial use; Refreshing, host and guest; He Shuang, the main business. It is commensurate with the fairness of officials and determines the importance of state affairs. The local military and political system has six ambassadors, two supervisors and six eyelids. The "eyelid" is like the "country" in the Tang Dynasty.

Nanzhao's cultural and educational system also imitates the Central Plains. Nanzhao sent many children of the royal family to study in Chengdu and Chang 'an. Feng Jiayi, Yi Mouxun, and Yi Mengcuo (seeking advice from the cabinet) studied under Zheng Hui, the satrap of Lu Xian County captured by Tangxi, and later served as the official of Qingping. Many Nanzhao people have a deep knowledge of Chinese and are good at poetry and fu. Wang Longshun of Nanzhao and Yang Qikun, an official of Qingping, all wrote well-known poems and were included in the whole Tang poetry. Nanzhao also absorbed many industrial and agricultural production technologies from Korea. Captured Chengdu craftsmen taught textile skills in Nanzhao. "Naturally Nanzhao workers are smart (equal to) in Shu." Buddhism prevailed when Nanzhao King advised Long Sheng. Mongols not only advocate Buddhism, but also believe in the Three Treasures. Feng Youmu also became a monk, whose legal name was Huihai. Dali Chongsheng Temple and Three Pagodas were built in Nanzhao and still stand at the foot of Cangshan Mountain.

In the late Nanzhao period, due to frequent wars, heavy taxes, depressed production and intensified contradictions. In 897, Wang Longshun of Nanzhao was killed by Deng Yang, a minister. He only knew hunting and drinking, and he didn't care about state affairs. In 902, the powerful minister Zheng Maisi (the seventh grandson) took advantage of the boiling public grievances to kill Wang Shunhua of Nanzhao, seize the throne, set up another political power, and Nanzhao died. Since 649, the fine slave logic has been king, and thirteen masters have been passed down for 254 years.