About the history of Ningbo

Ningbo has a long history. As early as more than 7,000 years ago, human ancestors flourished here and created a splendid Hemudu culture. Chunqiushi

During this period, Ningbo has been under the jurisdiction of Yue State. After the mid-Warring States period, Ningbo was occupied by Chu. In 222 BC, Qin Shihuang pacified Jiangnan and set up Yin and Zhi.

Living in Zhangzhangsan County, it belongs to Huiji County.

During the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the jurisdiction of the three counties remained unchanged. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), the three counties merged with Yuyao and were named.

County, that is, a small stream (now Yinjiang Town, Yinxian County), still belongs to Huiji County. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (AD 62 1), he moved to Yinzhou and was ruled by Dingzhou.

Sanjiangkou; In the eighth year of Wude (AD 625), it was renamed yi county, which belonged to Yuezhou and the county government was Fuxi. Founded in the 26th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 738).

The state governs four counties: Zhizhi, Cixi, Fenghua and Wengshan, which are under the jurisdiction of Xiaoxi. In the first year of Tang Changqing (AD 82 1), Mingzhou moved from Xiaoxi to Sanjiangkou.

And build cities and ponds to lay the foundation for the future development of Ningbo.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the fourteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (138 1) was a taboo country name and renamed Ningbo. Since then, the name Ningbo has been used to this day.

In the 15th year of Qing Shunzhi (1658), Ningshao Daotai was established in Ningbo. 1927, Yinxian City was divided into Ningbo City.

1May, 949, East Zhejiang was liberated, and Ningbo City was established in Yinxian County. 1986 Ningbo is listed as a national historical and cultural city.

Tongrentang, a famous shop opened by Ningbo people in Beijing. "Ningbo Gang" generally refers to Yinxian, Zhenhai, Cixi, Fenghua and Xiangshan, belonging to the old Ningbo government.

Businessmen and entrepreneurs from six counties in Dinghai and Ningbo people living in other places. After the Opium War, with the invasion of foreign capitalism, commerce

People flocked to economically developed cities to do business and formed business gangs. At that time, the famous commercial gangs were Guangbang, Hui Gang and Minbang.

However, some business gangs gradually declined and disappeared, while the "Ningbo Gang" lasted for a long time and continued to grow, especially in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

"Ningbo Gang" entrepreneurs are world-famous.

Beginning-Growth-Prosperity: Development of Ningbo Gang

1. The initial stage of "Ningbo Gang". Ningbo, located on the coast of the East China Sea, is located in the middle of the coastline of Chinese mainland, with bifurcated sea lanes. There are many in Ningbo

Lianggang, sailing from Ningbo Port, is the ancient maritime "Silk Road" and "Ceramic Capital".

The port of origin of the "Road" has been quite active in the commercial activities of the Qin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Ningbo became the main port of China's foreign trade, and its foreign trade was quite similar.

Wang Xing, from the fourth year of Tang Kaicheng to the fourth year of God bless (839-907), there were 3 7 Sino-Japanese trade vessels including Mingzhou (Ningbo).

There are seven exact records of being released into the ocean, from the second year of Tang Huichang (8 4 2) to the sixth year of Xian Tong (8 6 5), and the maritime merchants Li Linde, Zhang Zhixin,

Li Yanxiao led a business delegation from Wanghai Town, Mingzhou (now Zhenhai, Ningbo) and went to Japan for seven business activities, with 5 0 people each time.

The people around you are quite large. On the Japanese Ambassadors' Day, foreign students and monks also entered the Tang Dynasty from Ningbo Port. Six years of Chunhua in Northern Song Dynasty (9 9 0

), Ningbo set up a shipping company, which together with the shipping companies in Guangzhou and Hangzhou are called "three companies". In addition to continuing contacts with Japan, exchanges with North Korea have also increased significantly.

Canada has set up the North Korean Embassy, along with the Hangji Pavilion and the North Korean Pavilion to receive North Korean envoys and businessmen. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was also reasonable (

Cambodia), Zhancheng (Vietnam),? Trade between women (now Indonesia) and grain (now Arabia). Yuan Ji Qing Yuan (

Now Ningbo is a shipping company, a book province in Zhili and a shipping enterprise.

Very prosperous, with maritime users exceeding 1 0,000. Before the 23rd year of Kangxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties (1 6 8 4), the sea ban was implemented for a long time.

Ningbo's legitimate overseas trade was once stagnant, but smuggling business activities were still very active. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Ningbo businessmen came to Beijing and along the Yangtze River.

With the development of coastal towns, Ningbo businessmen in Beijing mainly deal in medicinal materials and clothing. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Ningbo's drug dealers were in Beijing.

Establish "Yinxian Guild Hall". At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Ningbo businessmen set up the "Zheci Guild Hall" in Beijing. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing years, Ningbo merchants set up shop in Hankou.

"Zhejiang-Nanjing Guild Hall". In the second year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1 7 9 7), Qian Sui, Fei Yuangui and other businessmen from Ningbo in Shanghai launched a fund-raising campaign and made preparations for its establishment.

Basic "Siming CCBA". In the 11th year of Daoguang (1 8 3 1), Fang Hengning and others initiated the reconstruction, and "Siming CCBA" was established during this period.

Give priority to the charity of fellow villagers. In the third year of Xianfeng (1 8 5 3), Zhenhai merchants donated a huge sum of money and rebuilt it into a collection of fellow villagers.

At the meeting site, "Siming CCBA" brought together Ningbo people in Shanghai and formed a powerful force in Shanghai. All these indicate that Ningbo.

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2 the history of Ningbo

Business gangs have begun to take shape.

2. The development and growth period of "Ningbo Gang". After the Opium War, capitalist forces invaded China, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and

Shanghai has become a trading port. With its advantages of being located at the end of the Yangtze River basin, deep hinterland and convenient transportation, Shanghai has gradually become a domestic and foreign trade.

In the center of Shanghai, businessmen from all provinces gather in Shanghai, and Ningbo businessmen flood into Shanghai by virtue of the advantage of being separated from Shanghai by only a water. It is estimated that at the end of Qing Dynasty,

Ningbo has 400,000 people. Among them are landlords and businessmen, as well as bankrupt farmers, craftsmen, urban residents and coolies.

In Shanghai, they are engaged in the inter-port trade between the north and south oceans and pigments, clocks and watches, grain and oil, seafood, coal, cotton cloth, medicinal materials, western medicine, cotton yarn and jewelry.

, hardware, machinery and other industries, and distribution of foreign goods, foreign trade. Most foreign firms and bank comprador employed by foreign businessmen in Shanghai are from Ningbo.

People. Some businessmen in Ningbo are both financial comprador and trade comprador. Ningbo business gangs developed rapidly in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social economy of China.

Rise and form your own strength position. Become an important force in China's national capital. Based on the development needs, Ningbo businessmen have set up groups in Shanghai.

Divided into small groups of various industries, there are Tongshan Club (fishery), Chongde Club (seafood industry), Ji 'an Club (wine industry) and Yongxing Club (south).

Goods industry), Dunrentang (pig industry), Royal Medical Hall (medicine industry), Chengrentang (meat industry), Yongjitang (foreign goods industry); There are longevity clubs in handicrafts.

(Masonry), Annual Meeting (Wood Industry), Synonymous Meeting (Silversmith)

) ; Labor organizations include Siming feldspar society, sailors' peace society and so on. This small group has a dual structure of fellow villagers and peers, which protects the interests of the gang.

For the purpose of mutual assistance, it is an important part of "Ningbo Gang". Qing Xuan Tong

In the first year (1 9 0 9), businessmen from Ningbo in Shanghai established Siming Association, which became the earliest regional association in Shanghai, 1 9.

1 0 changed its name to "Ningbo Association of Hometown Travelling in Shanghai". Because of the interaction and mutual care between fellow villagers, they share weal and woe with each other and pursue the same interests with fellow villagers.

Autonomous associations are also a link between people living in Shanghai and Ningbo. 1 9 2 0- 1935, Zhenhai, Dinghai and Fengfeng were established respectively.

County-level tourism associations in Shanghai are located in Shanghai, Xiangshan and other places. From the decisive position of "Ningbo Gang" in Shanghai's business circles to the elements that unite the strength of fellow villagers.

It marks the mature stage of "Ningbo Gang".

3. The heyday of "Ningbo Gang". During the Republic of China, the "Ningbo Gang" reached its peak. With the accumulation of financial resources and the expansion of business,

With the increase of personnel, Ningbo Gang is based in Shanghai, and its activity area extends to Hankou, Tianjin, Suzhou and other big cities. Hankou opened in 1 8 5 8.

In terms of ports, Ningbo business group soon expanded to Hankou, and Hankou became a relatively concentrated area outside Shanghai, mainly engaged in aquatic products, jewelry stores, shipping,

Matches, water and electricity, miscellaneous grains, foreign oil, hardware, banking and other industries, almost all of which are occupied by Ningbo businessmen, as well as the shipping of Yangtze River plywood boats.

All industries are run by Ningbo businessmen. Many Ningbo businessmen also act as comprador for foreign companies and banks in Hankou. Ningbo businessmen in Tianjin

In the closed-door era in the middle of Qing Dynasty, he operated the shipping industry, transporting grain from the south to the north and goods from the north to the south on behalf of the Qing court. Six ships were a team, 1 0.

A ship is a large group, traveling in groups between Ningbo, Shanghai and Tianjin, with 60 or 70 ships at most. The main business owner is Qin family in Yinxian County.

Wu, Dong Shi from Cixi, Li and Le from Zhenhai Xiaogang. After the opening of Tianjin, Ningbo businessmen further developed to Tianjin, 1 8 4 0.

After that, Ningbo Gang's influence in Tianjin increased day by day, and a Shanghai branch was established in Tianjin. In addition to continuing to operate shipping business, it is still in Tianjin.

Carry out import and export trade, bank insurance, silk wool spinning industry, gold and silver glasses industry, etc. During the period of the Republic of China, there was no business center in Tianjin.

Few famous shops are opened by Ningbo businessmen. A group of powerful people

Ningbo businessmen set up banks, gold shops, silk shops, hardware stores, foreign firms, real estate companies and shipping companies. In Tianjin, they also represent foreign companies.

People engaged in the import and export business of bristles, furs, mountain products and cotton in Tianjin, which became the comprador of foreigners in Tianjin.

Footprints all over the world.

Judging from the activity area of "Ningbo Gang", the pioneering spirit of Ningbo Gang businessmen is really amazing. Talking from the Travel Abroad Recorded in Yinxian Tongzhi

According to the situation of hometown association, in addition to the above, the main activities of Ningbo business gang are Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Changshu, Wenzhou, Wuxi, Yangzhou and other places.

Xuzhou, Wuhu, Nanchang, Shashi, Changsha, Chongqing, Xiamen, Shantou, Qingdao, Yantai, Zhengzhou, Dalian, Shenyang, Linhai, Lanxi, Construction

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3 the history of Ningbo

Germany and other places. Wherever Ningbo people go, business activities will flourish. Ningbo people also run many famous shops and stores in various places, such as Beijing.

Famous drugstores such as Tongrentang in Tianjin and Shanghai, TongHan Chun and Cai Tongde, as well as Hendry and Hendry Clock Stores, are all run by Ningbo people.

Jin of Ningbo Wood Company sits in Fu Jianshe Village, with 30 or 40 ships coming from Ningbo South and 40 from Dabei respectively. Operating hardware machinery import and export business in Shanghai.

Yes, most of them are from Ningbo, and only Ye Chengzhong (Zhenhai) has opened Laoshunji, Nanshunji, Yichangshun and Xinshunji in Shanghai.

Ruichangshun and other five. Ningshao, Sanbei, Hongan, Changhe and Heyong were founded by (Zhenhai) and Zhu (Dinghai).

An, Zhoushan and other shipping companies. These shipping companies, because of the strong support of coastal ports such as Shanghai and the Yangtze River port "Ningbo Gang", are outside.

Under the pressure of China Shipping Company, it not only exists, but also develops. Only the vessels of Sanbei Shipping Company once accounted for the tonnage of the national shipping industry.

1 / 7 。 "Ningbo Gang" also founded the first machine in China.

The ginning factory, the first oil mill, the first match factory, the first machine factory and the first bank made great contributions to the development of modern economy in China.

Made an indelible contribution.

"Ningbo Gang" is famous not only in China, but also all over the world. In all parts of the world, where Ningbo people live in concentrated communities, you can find "four"

Organizations such as Ming CCBA and Ningbo Gang Association. For example, members of the Ningbo Association of Singapore get together once a month, which has never happened in more than 4 0 years.

It's broken. Their descendants have not changed their local accent so far. At present, there are 73,000 overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao living in Ningbo, all over Hong Kong.

Macao, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, the United States, Britain, Germany, Australia and more than 5 0 countries and regions. The same is true all over the world.

A group of "Ningbo Gang" entrepreneurs who are good at management have emerged. Bao Yugang (Zhenhai) originally worked in a bank in Shanghai, and later came to Hong Kong to study.

Banking and shipping, 1 9 5 5 bought 1' s 8,2 00-ton old oil tanker for $770,000, and started the shipping industry after more than 20 years.

By March 1 9 8 0, there were 2 0 2 ships with 20.53 million tons and more than 20 subsidiaries in major ports around the world.

As an agent, Bao Yugang became the "king of ships" with the largest number of ships and the highest tonnage in the world at that time. Among Hong Kong 1 0 rich people, "Ningbo Gang" accounts for.

Found three.

Chamber of Commerce-Adventure-Nostalgia: The Eternal Secret

The reason why "Ningbo Gang" can last for a long time, dominate one side and become a giant of various business gangs in Shanghai mainly has the following three characteristics.

First, the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce is a group of businessmen who control Shanghai's financial trade and affect the national business. The "Ningbo Gang" can achieve rapid development, said

An important factor in the male business community is that since the establishment of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, the "Ningbo Gang" has basically mastered the real power of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce. They are still in touch.

Control and influence the guilds of Shanghai's industrial and commercial circles through two guilds: banking and currency. 1 9 0 2 Shanghai business conference office was established, and the first prime minister was

Yan Xinhou, a native of Cixi, was renamed Shanghai Chamber of Commerce in 1 9 0 4, and Yan succeeded as the president. It took more than 4 0 years from 1 9 0 2 to 1946.

During this period, a group of main figures of "Ningbo Gang" worked in Shanghai Chamber of Commerce: Zhu (Dinghai), Zhou (Cixi) and Yu Qia.

Qing (Zhenhai), Qin Runqing (Cixi), Song (Yuyao), Li Houyou (Zhenhai), (Zhenhai) and Yuan.

(Yinxian people), Yu (Zhenhai people), Li Shuxiong (Zhenhai people), Fang (Zhenhai people), Jin Run Yi (Zhenhai people), Sheng Pihua (

Zhenhai people) and others. These characters in "Ningbo Gang" can control the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce for a long time, which reflects the status of "Ningbo Gang" in Shanghai business circles.

State. On the other hand, the "Ningbo Gang" worked in the influential chamber of commerce in Shanghai's economic circles, which protected the interests of the Ningbo Gang and promoted it.

The economic development of ningbo gang in shanghai.

Second, Ningbo Gang is famous all over the world, which is related to the pioneering spirit and adventurous spirit of Ningbo businessmen. For example, the "Ningbo Gang" initially held.

Sand boat industry, Li of Zhenhai and Dong Gengxuan of Cixi all made their fortunes by sand boat industry. After the Opium War, ships increased, but Ningbo merchants still

Seize the advantages of shipping and develop the shipping industry. Fang and Yuan founded Ningshao Shipping Company and Sanbei Ferry Port.

Company, dare to compete with ocean shipping. The total tonnage of Sanbei Company reached 90,000 tons, which was one of the three private shipping companies in China at that time. Shanghai's banking industry,

"Ningbo Gang" is the most powerful, with nine family groups of money capitalists, and "Ningbo Gang" accounts for six. But then I felt that the bank had lived in a foreign bank for a long time.

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4 the history of Ningbo

The vassal status of banks is not appropriate. 1 8 9 7, Yan Xinhou and Ye Chengzhong initiated the establishment of China Commercial Bank, the first bank in China. Yuqia

Qing, Li and others founded Siming Bank. Later, China Bank, Bank of Communications, Zhejiang Industrial Bank, Zhejiang Industrial Bank and

All the reclamation banks are controlled by "Ningbo Gang", which has realized the transformation from backward private banks to advanced banks. Zhenhai people are liquid immortals, but they don't want to.

Inheriting the ancestral business of the Fang family, eating ready-made meals and going to engage in chemical industry, my father objected and refused to give money, and all the money given by my mother and uncle was lost.

He did not waver in his determination to engage in the chemical industry, thus establishing the China Chemical Industry Society. From the business point of view, "Ningbo Gang" runs a lot.

Emerging industries, such as distribution of hardware, pigments, foreign oil, foreign cloth, western medicine and other best-selling products. There are also many Ningbo businessmen engaged in import and export trade. This one

All these reflect that Ningbo businessmen can assess the situation, open up new fields in time, and make themselves invincible.

Third, Ningbo businessmen attach great importance to homesickness and friendship, and the concept of helping fellow villagers is particularly strong. They can help each other in the same boat and resist business risks. For example, Ningbo businessmen

Ningshao Shipping Company, founded by foreign capital, competes with British businessman Swire Company and Sino-French joint venture Oriental Company. At that time, the fare struggle was fierce, and it was better to take less than one round.

When we set sail, we listed "Yang Liyong 50" on the ship to show that we would never raise prices. At the same time, the freight rate was reduced, so that everyone rushed to take the Ningshao boat.

The number of passengers in Taikoo has dropped sharply, and sometimes even people go to the building. The well-funded Swire Company reduced the fare from 1 yuan to 30 cents in an attempt to crush Ning Shaolun.

A large number of passengers flocked to Taikoo again. The capital is meager, and it is difficult to make ends meet. At a critical juncture, Fang Qiaocen and Zhu Bao of Ningbo Commercial Group

Third, Qin Runqing and others organized a rare "aviation maintenance meeting" in the history of shipping, raising funds of 1 10,000 yuan. Give Ningshao Company a subsidy of 2 cents per ticket, Jeannin.

Shao Company can also compete with Swire Company at a low price of 30 cents per ticket. At the same time, Yu Qiaqing also mobilized the members of the Association to transport as many goods as possible.

Shao company carries goods, which makes Ning Shao company win in the competition with ocean shipping. People in Ningbo also have the characteristic of "loving hometown but not hometown". People in Ningbo go out.

Commerce has existed since ancient times. At the age of 14 or 15, the average boy will find someone to introduce his career at home and become an apprentice in a foreign shop or factory. Otherwise,

Will be considered worthless and criticized. Parents will not stop a person from loving his son when he leaves his hometown and goes to other places. Apprentice for 3 years

Hardworking, doing business and working outside have made many achievements. Many famous figures of "Ningbo Gang", such as Ye Chengzhong, Qin Runqing and Sheng.

Birch, gold, etc. Introduced as an apprentice by relatives and fellow villagers, he became rich.

There is a saying among the people that there is no market without peace. Allah (I), the business leader of Ningbo, is active, whether it is thousands of miles away or thousands of miles away, as long as there is a market,

There are people from Ningbo.

In the last century, in China, there were ten business gangs, and this

Among the top ten business gangs, "Ningbo Gang" is a strong force. 19 at the end of the 20th century, someone did a survey. Among the immigrants living in Shanghai,

Guangdong and Ningbo, Zhejiang have the most people. Some of these immigrants

Guangdong Gang accounts for 10%, other gangs account for 20%, and Ningbo Gang accounts for 70%! Ningbo gang is in charge of industry and commerce, finance and so on.

Domain not only affected the process of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, but also, it is no exaggeration to say, it affected.

This paper introduces the development process of industry, commerce and finance in China. What is "Ningbo Gang"

What kind of "regional group" Although the dust of the years has forgotten too many historical details, a number is still enough to make people think for a long time.

. 1920, there were 680,000 China people in the Shanghai Concession, including Ningbo.

There are as many as 400,000 people in China. With Shanghai as the largest distribution center, Ningbo people, Ningbo gang, these people who have been used to the smell of sea breeze since childhood,

This new business gang, educated by traditional Confucianism, opened and closed again with the shrewdness of businessmen.

Without losing the integrity of scholars, he completed the transformation from traditional commerce to modern commerce, and really stood out in the modern economic stage of China.

one

Bao Yugang is a charming figure in overseas Ningbo gangs. In the early 1980s, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening up,

Beijing met a guest from Hongkong, who is the famous "world shipping king" Bao Yugang.

1984 1 In August, Deng Xiaoping said something that had a far-reaching influence: "Mobilize the' Ningbo Gang' all over the world to build Ningbo."

Encouraged by Deng Xiaoping's speech, Bao Yugang took action. He donated $6.5438 million to build the hotel. He has nothing else to do in this regard.

When asked, I only asked about the "Zhaolong Hotel" named after his father. Deng Xiaoping wrote down the name of the hotel, which is one of the many inscriptions in Deng Xiaoping's life.

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5 the history of Ningbo

This is the name of a rare hotel, which shows that Deng Xiaoping attaches great importance to this matter.

Among many donations, perhaps the most memorable one is that he donated money to build Ningbo University for his hometown of Ningbo.

June 1984 65438+February19 is a good day for good luck. On this day, China and Britain formally signed a joint statement on the Hong Kong issue. also

That night, he signed a formal agreement with Geng, then mayor of Ningbo, to jointly build Ningbo University. This is really a historical coincidence

1985101On October 29th, the foundation stone was laid in Ningbo University. It only took 13 months for the newly-built Ningbo University to usher in the opening ceremony.

Deng Xiaoping's important speech and Bao Yugang's lead in setting an example have greatly shaken the overseas Ningbo gang. Zhao Anzhong, Cao Cursor, Li Dasan, Gu

A large number of overseas "Ningbo Gang" such as Guohua, Tang, Huang and Zhu Xiushan donated money in succession, and the Bao family continued to contribute to the construction of Ningbo University.

The upsurge of running schools in hometown has become a common practice of overseas Ningbo gangs.

Today, when people walk into the campus of Ningbo University, you will find that this beautiful campus can be called "Donation Museum". Every building is

It tells the profound understanding of Ningbo gang on "educating people for a hundred years"; Engraved the feelings of the Ningbo gang for their hometown. "To really get rich.

Strong, relying on academic qualifications, relying on talent ",this is their understanding.

The growth of Ningbo University and the generous support of Ningbo Gang,

Inspired more people of insight in Ningbo to run education. Ningbo Wan Li Education Group has embarked on a new path of Sino-foreign cooperation in running schools.

On April 6, 2004, unnc, jointly organized by Zhejiang Wanli University and Nottingham University, held a groundbreaking ceremony in Ningbo.

It is the first independently established Sino-foreign cooperative university in China, and has been in China ever since.

Students can "study abroad" directly at home. two

There is a tradition for Ningbo people to run education. It is also associated with the name of a young reformer, Wang Anshi. He pointed out another way out for Ningbo people.

Road.

1047, that is, in the autumn of the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty, 27-year-old young magistrate Wang Anshi set foot on the land of Ningbo from Lin 'an, Jiangxi.

Wang Anshi is a very persistent and pragmatic person. He transformed a ruined temple not far from the yamen into a county school and personally found it from the mountains.

Five literate old gentlemen came out to teach. These five figures are the famous "praising Mr.five" in the academic history of East Zhejiang in the future.

The seeds of Ningbo culture were sown and germinated. Since then, Ningbo has a special local "examination institute" as a student's imperial examination. More than ten years later, when Wang An

When history deployed political reform for the Song Dynasty, the first generation of scholars in Ningbo came into being. The children of farmers and businessmen have gone through ten years.

In 2008, the cold window began to become a talent, and soon, the first champion in Ningbo history came into being.

These Confucian monuments, which were originally placed in the Confucius Temple in Ningbo, all praised Wang Zhi's original enlightenment. The significance of Wang Anshi is not that

Let a small number of folk children go from a closed town to the whole country through reading, and his more important influence is precisely that he advocated a kind of

This value orientation has formed the tradition of farming and reading, and business and Confucianism coexist.

Zhu, a native of Ningbo, said: "My grandfather just told us that we can't ask for an official, but we can only study. Only when we learn, can we do business in the future. You have no culture. I'll talk to you

You can't do business, that is, as Mao Zedong said before, an uneducated army is a stupid army. That's what my ancestors said. I have culture.

Children can travel around the world and do business. "

Then Ningbo Jinshi 2432, 12.

Among the top scholars, there are tens of thousands of juren and hundreds of thousands of scholars. More importantly, Wang Anshi created the kind of "family and children, all learn books, but scholars."

There is a social atmosphere in which Confucianism weaves hemp, and it is a place where culture and etiquette are respected and righteousness is respected.

The spirit of Fang culture has become the spiritual pillar of Ningbo people's personality ideal from generation to generation. After that, there are basically two kinds of people who go to the whole country from Ningbo:

Businessmen and scholars. So since the end of 19, many Ningbo gangs, including Bao Yugang, have been looking forward to having a genus in their hometown.

At my own university. However, in poor and weak old China, their good wishes never came true. Only in New China, in the year of reform and opening up.

Generation, Bao Yugang's ambition can be realized.

three

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties (6 18- 1279), Ningbo people began to turn to the long coastline of China. Ningbo businessmen who use fake boats are open.

Started trade with Japan, North Korea and coastal countries in Southeast Asia. Shanghai, adjacent to Ningbo, became the main area of their activities.

When the first pioneers of the Three North Saline-Alkaline Plain crossed Hangzhou Bay and came to Shanghai, the Huangpu River was only a large beach and a small one.

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6 History of Ningbo

The county seat is curled up in today's heather.

Ningbo, where the three rivers meet, is the earliest open trade in China.

One of the easily accessible ports. The commercial civilization brought by the opening up has given Ningbo people great ambition to travel around the world. Standing on the old pier in Jiang Bin, Ningbo.

This sculpture has become a footnote to the history of this city. What it shows is precisely

Impression is the most common scene in the memory of generations of old Ningbo people. In the local spoken language, going out to do business has always been called "running the dock". at that time

The people sang, "Broad sky, forget your parents." Early Ningbo merchants sailed to Shanghai along a "sand boat road".

Sandboats were the most common merchant ships in the south at that time. Although this flat-bottomed wooden barge, which is only three feet wide, often can't stand the turbulence of the waves, with

Compared with Shanxi people in the west, Ningbo businessmen who "run the pier" seem to have less sadness and more freedom.

On the eve of the Opium War 1840, many Ningbo businessmen left their hometown Siming Mountain and crossed the ocean to come to Shanghai. Because traffic is not

In the fast times, the local accent has become the warmest comfort in the hearts of wanderers. 1797, the first Ningbo people's association in Shanghai-Siming CCBA was established.

It is standing.

For Ningbo people living abroad at that time, this organization

Friendship groups are not only out of a natural nostalgia complex, but also out of the need for survival. 18 19, registered businessmen and ship owners in Ningbo.

"Zhejiang-Nanjing Guild Hall" was established in Shanghai, a Ningbo citizen who works as a craftsman in Shanghai.

In the spirit of mutual assistance, the lower level also set up a water and wood industry office in 183 1, and the congregation was basically mud.

A carpenter, stonemason, carver and sawmaker. The former is the same for the above two kindred groups.

Rural mutual aid and friendship organizations, while the latter is a trade association of fellow villagers. Another industry with the characteristics of fellow villagers also appeared in Ningbo people at this time.

Shanghai beach, where people live together. Tailors, that is, garment makers, are also Ningbo crafts brought here by sand boats. But Ningbo's garment makers are not just some people who only know

Ordinary craftsmen who use scissors have a specific name, which is called "Red Tailor".

Ningbo tailor was called redhead at that time.

Some foreigners make suits, so they are called "red gang tailors". It is said that their ancestor Zhang Shangyi was from Ningbo and swam across Hangzhou Bay.

Survivors of capsizing. At that time, a small tailor in Ningbo suffered a shipwreck.

After several days of wandering, he finally arrived in Yokohama, Japan. In a foreign country where words are impassable and strangers are everywhere, he actually relies on craftsmanship to find it.

When I started to work, I repaired spacesuits for Russian crew members parked there. heart

The handy Zhang Shangyi soon became a master of suit cutting. Many years later, his son Zhang Yousong returned to Shanghai and founded the first suit shop in China.

—— Fuchang suit shop, and widely taught skills to Ningbo fellow villagers. As a group, the "red tailor" is the earliest.

They became famous on the beach. Later, their footprints gradually spread all over the country. These humble Ningbo tailors became close to China.

The pioneers of clothing reform they created are among the best in China's clothing history.

First, it is still talked about by people. According to historical records, China first served, first served, and even first served.

All the works are from Ningbo people. Wang Ruzhen, son of Wang Hongqing, a designer of Chinese tunic suit.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen proposed that (the mouth of the bag) should be in the shape of a pen. At that time, my father asked him why he used a penholder, because it was penholder-shaped.

He said: It sounds troublesome, but making a circle is very simple. This is intentional.

Meaning, what's the point? Is that our revolution needs intellectuals. When all the clothes were ready, Dr. Sun Yat-sen came.

) is called the national costume, and the specific name is named after Mr. Zhongshan, which is called "Zhongshan suit".

Ningbo tailors have long monopolized.

After introducing the business of making suits in various places, almost all the most famous suit sizes emerging on Nanjing Road in Shanghai were opened by Ningbo people. Later, it turned out that

The influence of "Red Tailor" did not disappear with the end of an old era.

Lost, even after 1949, Mao Zedong and other new China leaders' clothes were almost all made by the descendants of the "red tailor".

. Today, this city in the east of China is still a veritable clothing capital, and one out of every ten domestic clothes comes from here.

Produced.

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As Ningbo businessmen go north to Shanghai, they radiate to Shanghai.

To Beijing, Tianjin, Hankou and other major cities, the footprints of drug dealers also flow in all directions like seagulls chasing waves. A famous pharmacy run by Ningbo businessmen,

Such as Tong, Feng Cunren and Cai Tongde in Shanghai and Tong Ren Tang in Beijing and Tianjin.

Darentang is a famous drugstore in these cities. Today, we can still see the gold-lettered signboards of these century-old shops, which have not faded at all. The capital of a country

Author: 60. 179. 156. * 2006-6-1211:56 reply to this statement.

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