What measures and systems do European and American countries have to curb bribery in democratic elections?

Bribery will only happen in small election circles, such as village or company elections. There are not many votes needed for a small electoral circle to affect the election results, and the needs of these voters are very simple, just some simple material needs, so direct demand feedback can be exchanged for votes. This is called bribery, which is generally considered illegal. The scale of the election circle is slightly larger, so it is not realistic to send money one by one. However, benefits can be exchanged in bulk. For example, I am a businessman running for election. I will use a charity foundation run by my family to help a group of AIDS patients (most of the money in it is not mine) in exchange for the votes of these AIDS patients and their families. For example, if I am a current legislator or politician, I will use all my contacts in the Legislative Council (generally belonging to the same party, if not the same party, it is fine, just give money to the interests, and political contributions can be legal) to initiate and pass a law to designate a wetland as a protected area, so as to get the votes of a group of environmentalists, or to designate this wetland as a commercially exploitable area, so as to get the votes of thousands of people in an oil company, because, however,

It can be seen that in the western democratic system, scattered direct bribery is illegal, while batch indirect bribery is legal, even using state public power and legislative power for personal gain is legal. So the essence of the western system is to legalize as long as it is difficult to restrain, and then the problem is solved. Bribery is hard to restrain, so it is legalized, and then bribery does not exist. Bribery is hard to restrain, so legalize it as a political contribution and then clean it up. It is difficult to control pornography, which can be legalized and increase GDP. Why not? Then the question is, should we China people learn such a system?

To sum up, low people don't obey the rules, middle people obey the rules, high people use the rules, and special people modify the rules.