Hunan immigrants in Ming dynasty

Hunan is one of the cradles of farming culture in China. Emperor Yan and his tribe, the second ancestor of China, have lived here for a long time and still have memorial sites, such as Yandiling and Shennong Hotel.

In fact, the earliest civilized people lived in Hunan, starting from the period of Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Yan Di Ling Shun Di Ling is in Hunan, and Yao Di lives in Youxian County, Hunan Province. You can think that the ancients could not hunt for a living in the plain area. Coupled with the inconvenient transportation in ancient times, it is impossible for several emperors to be interested in Hunan and have traveled all the way to Hunan to develop their careers. The geographical location of Hunan is an important reason.

The earliest city was in Lixian County, Hunan Province. Due to the development of farming civilization, it gradually moved to the northern plain. These have physical evidence. Historical books (including historical records) can only be faithful to the records at that time. At that time, what was recorded two or three thousand years ago was not necessarily accurate, and what was spoken would change after several generations. Some events may be true, but the location of the events may not be true. After thousands of years of migration, no one mentioned it, and it began to be forgotten after three or five generations.

When I was a child, I heard the old man say that the legend of Zhu Yuanzhang's bloody slaughter of Hunan is like this: after Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, she was a woman's bowl star. The woman saved Zhu Yuanzhang when he was in trouble. Afterwards, Zhu promised to be his queen in a sedan chair, but wearing a bowl of stars on his head was ugly.

When it was carried to Hunan Street, people along the street looked at it and laughed at the emperor for marrying an ugly girl as the queen. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and ordered the bloodbath of Hunan Street, but the general who was ordered mistakenly thought that the bloodbath of Hunan Street was a bloodbath of Hunan boundary, and then bloodbath of Hunan aborigines. This is a folk saying that Hongwu slaughtered Hunan. Later, as soon as his queen entered the palace, the bowl buckled on her head was taken down by the jade emperor in heaven and turned into a beautiful woman.

Hunan and Hubei were collectively called Huguang in the Ming Dynasty, and the two Lakers moved to Sichuan, which was called Huguang to fill Sichuan for short. At that time, China had Shanxi and Huguang as big immigrants. The starting point of Shanxi immigrants is under the big locust tree in Hongtong County, and the starting point of the two lakes is Macheng, Hubei Province. The genealogy of 80% Sichuanese is recorded in Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Huguang. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Huguang Guild Hall was built in all parts of Sichuan, and now some Guild Halls have been preserved in Sichuan.

Huguang's jurisdiction over Hunan, Hubei, Northeast Guangxi and Macheng is not the whole starting point, but Baoqing Prefecture is the last scattered point. You can get a glimpse of the garrison and deployment at that time. It is a big mistake for many people to go directly to Jiangxi. It is true to come to Jiangxi, but Jiangxi is a military region with troops stationed, which was only scattered in Huguang before. In Huguang, Baoqing and Macheng are the most concentrated places. But how many years and generations have lived in these two places, no matter which surname spectrum is recorded, it is passed down from generation to generation, and it was recorded later, so there is a big difference.

I am from Hunan, and my ancestral home is Nanchang, Jiangxi. The genealogy records of every surname in Hanchuan are almost all in Jiangxi. According to the story handed down from the older generation, Chen Youliang in Hubei and Zhu Yuanzhang in Anhui fought, and then Chen Youliang was defeated, so Zhu Yuanzhang wiped out Hunan in Hubei, saying that only a pair of brothers and sisters named Ao survived in the reeds. We have a swearing saying in Hanchuan: Enter Sister.

That's how it was deduced. Because Chu is fertile soil, Jiangxi people are bound by ropes and migrate northward. If someone wants to urinate in the middle, they will untie one hand, so we now call urinating small hands. If they want to defecate, they will untie the ropes of both hands. We now call it the big hand. And it is said that because of the long journey, the little finger on his foot was kicked off. Are the people there from Jiangxi? Look at the little finger on their feet. Those who have two fingernails come from other places. Hunan's Hunan, Shu, Tian, Qin and Meishan Fu surnames are mostly Han surnames of ethnic minorities. In history, only Tujia, Dong, Yao and Miao who entered the mountains in southern Hunan and western Hunan retained their independent lineages.

Besides the aborigines of ethnic minorities, the Han people in Hunan are mainly divided into two groups: Xinxiang dialect moved to Hunan in the early Ming Dynasty, and Xinxiang dialect is closer to the northern mandarin, mainly distributed around Dongting Lake. Old Xiang dialect is mainly distributed in mountainous areas, and its language is far away from Mandarin, such as Shuangfeng and Xiangxiang counties.

There are also bears and Luo surnames, mostly aborigines around Dongting Lake. Only ethnic minorities in Hunan can be regarded as aborigines. From the pre-Qin period, we gradually moved from Dongting Lake area to southern Hunan, for one thing, to avoid the war, and for the other, to avoid the assimilation of Han people. The ethnic minorities who stayed in central Hunan were basically assimilated, so that many people legally pretended to be Jiangxi people in order to enjoy the fair treatment of the government.