Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake and gaoyou lake are the three largest lakes in Jiangsu Province.

Article Type: River Hydrology

Text/geography salon

Jiangsu Province is located in the eastern coastal area of China, bordering the Yellow Sea in the east and Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shandong provinces in the south and northwest. Geographically, Jiangsu Province is located in the eastern monsoon region of China. Because the Huaihe River flows through Jiangsu Province, which spans the southern and northern parts of China. The total area of Jiangsu Province is about 6.5438+0.072 million square kilometers, of which the land area is about 6.5438+0.03 million square kilometers.

Topographically, Jiangsu Province is dominated by plains, which account for about 87% of the total area of the province. The main plains are Subei Plain, Huanghuai Plain, Jianghuai Plain, Binhai Plain and Yangtze River Delta Plain. From the climate point of view, the southern part of Jiangsu Province belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, while the northern part belongs to temperate monsoon climate. Overall, the annual precipitation is relatively rich. The topography and climatic conditions in Jiangsu Province make it a water town with many rivers and lakes. The Yangtze River, the largest river in China, runs through Jiangsu from west to east.

Among the lakes, there are more than 290 large and small lakes in Jiangsu Province, including 12 lakes with an area of over 50 square kilometers. The main lakes are Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake, gaoyou lake, Roman Lake, Baima Lake, Shijiu Lake and Weishan Lake, among which Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake rank the third and fourth among the five largest freshwater lakes in China respectively. Taihu Lake is located in the south of Jiangsu Province, bordering Zhejiang in the south, at the junction of the two provinces, but most of Taihu Lake area is located in Jiangsu Province.

Taihu Lake is a lake in the Yangtze River basin, and it is also known as the three major freshwater lakes in the Yangtze River with Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake. Taihu Lake covers an area of about 2,427 square kilometers, located in the south of the Yangtze River Delta, with high terrain in the west and low terrain in the east. The shape of Taihu Lake is very regular, especially the coastline in the west of the lake is curved, so some people think that Taihu Lake is a lake formed by meteorite impact, of course, there is no conclusion at present. Regarding the origin of Taihu Lake, the popular view is "tectonic lake", which holds that the origin of Taihu Lake originates from the geological structure of Taihu Lake. At first, Taihu Lake was a tectonic basin. Later, sediments were continuously filled, forming today's large shallow lake.

In addition, some people think that Taihu Lake is a "river-rail sea-rail lake", and the formation of Taihu Lake is closely related to the rivers and oceans in this area. Hongze Lake is the second largest lake in Jiangsu Province, located in the lower reaches of Huaihe River in the west of Jiangsu Province, in Huai 'an and Suqian, belonging to the Huaihe River system. Hongze Lake covers an area of about 2069 square kilometers. There are many reasons for the formation of Hongze Lake. First, it is a "tectonic lake" formed by crustal fault depression. Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was a series of lakes distributed along the fault zone.

Followed by "the Yellow River captures the Huai River", the Yellow River is a very restless river, and the lower reaches of the Yellow River often silts up and swings because of its high sediment concentration. Due to the southward movement of the Yellow River and the capture of the Huaihe River's access to the sea, the water level of the Huaihe River rose, which led to the rise of a series of small lakes and formed the embryonic form of Hongze Lake. Finally, after the Hongze Lake levee was built due to human factors, a huge Hongze Lake was finally formed. Gaoyou lake is the third largest lake in Jiangsu Province, located in Gaoyou City, Baoying County, Jinhu County and Tianchang City, Anhui Province. Gaoyou lake connects the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River.

Gaoyou lake belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, with a total lake area of about 760 square kilometers. Gaoyou lake is a river-covered lake, which evolved from a river. According to records, during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, there were originally 36 lakes in gaoyou lake, which were a "beaded" group of small lakes. The formation of gaoyou lake Lake was also related to the diversion of the Yellow River. The bottom of gaoyou lake Lake is very flat, with an altitude of about 3.5-4.5 meters, and the water level of gaoyou lake Lake is 5-5.5 meters all the year round. Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake and gaoyou lake, the three major lakes in Jiangsu Province, provide Jiangsu with a large number of natural resources such as water resources and biological resources, and also have the functions of flood storage, climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance.