Where is "Shandong Baima County"?

In the suburban counties of Nanning, many Han and Zhuang genealogies record that their ancestral home is Baima County (or Baimayi, Baimayuan, Baimaran and Baimayan) in Shandong Province. Since the Republic of China, some surname families have sent people to Shandong to worship their ancestors many times. After liberation, responsible comrades of some county records offices in Guangxi also made a special trip to study it, but none of them succeeded. 1996, 1997, due to the need of compiling local chronicles, Nanning Suburb Local Records Office sent people to hua county, Xunxian, Qinyang, Anyang and Zhengzhou in Henan, Qingzhou and Shouguang in Shandong, and visited experts, historians, linguists and scholars who compiled local chronicles in the above two provinces and Guangxi, focusing on the above provinces and cities. After textual research, it is basically believed that "Baima County, Shandong Province" is actually in today's Huaxian area.

Ancient "Shandong" is not today's Shandong.

Shandong, because of different dynasties, refers to different regions. A large number of genealogical records in Guangxi write "Baima County, Shandong Province", but it is not found that writing "Baima County, Shandong Province" refers to different times and regions.

Shandong, as the ancients said, is a geographical term. During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, the area east of Lushan or Huashan was Shandong, which had the same meaning as the so-called Kanto at that time. Generally refers to the Yellow River Basin, and sometimes refers to the territory of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and other countries outside the Qin Dynasty. Records of the First Qin Emperor in Historical Records: "Young Qin officials in Shandong counties were killed and protected in order to cope with …" "Qin merged with more than 30 counties in Shandong … and defended them." "... Shandong Haojun rose and died in the Qin family. Shandong in the above quotation refers to the territory of six countries except Qin. It is also said that the east of Taihang Mountain belongs to Shandong, mainly because during the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin lived in the west of Taihang Mountain in the Northern Wei and Five Dynasties, so it was called Shandong to the east of Taihang Mountain. As an independent administrative unit, "Shandong" was formally established. It belonged to Zhongshu Province in Yuan Dynasty, Shandong Chief Secretary in Ming Dynasty and Shandong Province in Qing Dynasty, with its capital in Jinan.

Shandong and Henan, in ancient times, both referred to the names of a wide area, covering and containing each other. Ancient Shandong includes today's Henan administrative region, and today's Shandong administrative region belongs to Henan Road in the Tang Dynasty. Zhonghua Book Company commented on "stealing Henan" in The Biography of Huang Chao in the New Tang Dynasty: Henan refers to Henan Road, which is about Shandong, Henan and northern Jiangsu. Baima County was under the jurisdiction of Yanzhou during the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Southern Dynasties, Yanzhou City was located in the east of hua county, Henan Province, and later moved to Shandong Province. After Yanzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province, Baima County belonged to Henan Province.

Baima county is not in Shandong, but in Henan.

The administrative division of Baima County is "unique" in the history of China. Throughout the country, only Huaxian County in Henan Province was called Baima County in ancient times, while Baima County has not been found in Shandong Province since ancient times. The organizational system of Baima County began in the Qin Dynasty and was abolished in the Ming Dynasty, which lasted 1500 years.

Baima County is located at the east of hua county 10 km. The location of Baima County and its county has been recorded in detail in history books and geography books since Qin, Han, Tang and Song Dynasties. "Warring States Policy": "Zhang Yi said that Wang Zhao said: Stay in Golden Horse." "Historical Records" Li Shiqi said that Hanwang said: "The white horse is the golden horse."

The earliest place name of Baima recorded in Atlas of Chinese History is Baimakou in the Warring States Period, which is located in the northeast of hua county, Henan Province (see the map in Volume VI of Atlas of Chinese History and the index of place names on page1/kloc-0). In the Tang Dynasty, Lee Tae wrote "The History of Expanding Governance", saying: "Huazhou: the old city of Baima County in Huazhou, the ancient southern Yan State, and Liyangjin-Baimajin in the north of Baima County in Huazhou." "A Record of the Continued Han Dynasty" said: "Baima County has the Acropolis, and Di Chin is a Qianli Dike, located in the east of Baima County."

The administrative division of Baima County was founded in the Qin Dynasty, and its name was used in the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties and Song and Yuan Dynasties. Baima County was evacuated to Huazhou in Ming Dynasty.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), "New Records of Henan" contained: "Huaxian County, wei ren in the Spring and Autumn Period. Baima County in Qin Dynasty belongs to East County. Bill Han, Wei Weizhi ... Song Weizhi, Yuan Weizhi. Hong, the provincial white horse entered the slippery state. " Historians agree that the old town of Gubaima County, which is about 0/0 km east of Huaxian County, was changed to Baima Wall because it was forbidden to be the father city of Zhu Wen in the Five Dynasties. Now Baimabi Village is its former site. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Baima County was once under the jurisdiction of Yanzhou, and in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Baima County was under the jurisdiction of Daming House (Dao) in Shandong. Therefore, "Baima County, Shandong Province" written in some genealogies was understandable in ancient times.

Historically, Baima County not only played an important role in politics, military affairs and transportation, but also had rich cultural connotations. Baima county has its own legend since ancient times. A textual research on the white horse in "Rebuilding the Records of Hua County" says: "Most cities and countries are named after mountains, but by water. For example, Baima County, East County of Han and Yuan Dynasties, was named after Baima Tianjin in Qin Dynasty. The white horse in Qin Dynasty was named after the ancient white horse water and baimashan. " "Mountain Map" says: "There is always a white horse at the foot of the mountain. When the heroes walk on the mountain, the river will be decided, and when they run away, they will collapse. " Similar white horse myths and legends are circulated in some places where "immigrants from Baima County" live in Guangxi. There is a horse village in the suburb of Nanning. According to the genealogy, the ancestors who marched south to defend the border with Di Qingnan in the Song Dynasty found a group of white horses on the mountain when they chose sites on both sides of the Yongjiang River. They go out for food during the day and go back to live in the mountains at night. Here, backed by mountains and rivers, the land is fertile and it is a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Later, the village site was built here, hence the name Macunbian.