Why did the North American people win the War of Independence?

American War of Independence (1775- 1783)

The American War of Independence is also known as the North American War of Independence.

/kloc-In the second half of the 8th century, Britain established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast. Every colony was sent by Britain.

Governor's rule. At this time, the colony has developed a large number of plantations and established a variety of industries such as textile, ironmaking and mining.

The economy is relatively prosperous.

In order to increase financial power, the British government continuously increased the tax revenue of the colonies and cruelly oppressed them.

Exploitation. 1765, the British came up with a new trick: stamp duty. They stipulate that all official documents, contracts,

Licenses, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, documents and wills must be stamped with tax stamps to be effective and circulated. This led to colonization

The Turkish people were extremely angry, so secret anti-British organizations such as "sons of liberty" and "Communication Committee" appeared one after another.

Anti-British events have taken place everywhere, such as boycotting British goods, driving away tax collectors, burning tax stamps, armed resistance and so on.

All this caused panic in the British government, and they immediately sent troops to suppress it. 1March 5, 770, the British army was in Bo.

Boston shot at unarmed citizens, killing five citizens and injuring six others on the spot, creating a "Boston" that shocked North America.

Tragedy "Anti-British anger is burning in the hearts of the colonial people, and a war for independence and freedom is about to break out in the North American continent.

It's burning

Boston Tea Party

The British government abolished stamp duty, but began to tax glass and tea. Three anti-British people disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded a tea boat in Boston and dumped the goods into the sea.

In the early morning of April 1775, the people of Boston fired the first shot of the War of Independence in Lexington.

The gunfire in Lexington opened the American War of Independence.

1775 In April, Gage, the governor of Massachusetts and commander-in-chief of the garrison, got a message: In Kang, not far from Boston,

In the town of Cod, there is a secret munitions warehouse of the Communications Commission. Gage immediately ordered Major Smith to lead 800 British troops.

The army went to search. The troops set out overnight, 19. In the early morning of April, they came to a small village six miles from Concord-

Lexington.

After a night of marching, the British army advanced in the fog before dawn. They were all sleepy and yawned. neglect

However, they found dozens of villagers standing on the grass outside the village with long guns in their hands. Smith knows these armed villages.

The people are the militia of Lexington, and the residents of colonies on the North American continent call them "one-minute people" because of their special actions.

Don't worry, as long as you hear the alarm, you can gather together in one minute and go into battle at once. To Smith's surprise,

Why did these militia know about the British action so quickly? It turns out that the scouts of the "Communication Committee" have long been in love.

Newspaper, and immediately hung a red light on the top of Boston church. The messenger of the "Communication Committee", the sculptor Paul Reeve

After seeing it, you immediately ride to Concord to call the police.

"Shoot! Give me a rush! " Smith was a little nervous when he saw that there were only dozens of people on the other side, and he relaxed at once.

Let's go He simply ignored the dozens of ragged militiamen, raised his command knife and issued orders.

Lexington's militia immediately counterattacked and violently resisted the British attack. Gunfire rang out over Lexington and spread far away.

It's far. After a few minutes, the gunfire gradually became sparse, and the militiamen quickly withdrew from the battlefield and dispersed and concealed because of the small number of people and unfavorable terrain.

Let's go

Smith was very proud of his first battle and ordered his soldiers to go straight to Concord. When the British arrived in the town, it was already dawn and the sun was rising.

Dongsheng, but there was no one in the street, and everyone was closed, which seemed deserted. Smith ordered a search of the British.

I searched all the houses for a long time and found nothing. It turns out that the militia has moved the warehouse. "Communication Committee,

"The leaders are hiding members.

"Withdraw!" Smith felt that the situation was not good and immediately ordered to retreat. At this time, the town shouted ShaSheng everywhere, gunfire suddenly.

So, the militia in the nearby villages and towns got the news and came to Concord from all directions. Surrounded the retreating British army. he

Soldiers ambushed behind fences, bushes, roofs and street corners, shooting at British troops. British troops fell to the ground one by one.

In fact, when the British fired back with guns, even the militia could not be found. The British army retreated all the way to Boston and encountered along the way.

The constant attacks by the militia are in a state of chaos.

The fighting continued until dusk, and finally reinforcements from Boston rescued Smith and others.

In this battle, the British army killed or injured 247 people, the militia sacrificed dozens of people and the rest of the British army ran out of ammunition. In retrospect, it is true.

In fear, they tasted the iron fist of the colonial people for the first time. A soldier said, "I haven't eaten for 48 hours."

Lucy, the hat was knocked off three times and two bullets penetrated the coat. My bayonet was also knocked off. "

The artillery fire in Lexington shook the 13 colony along the Atlantic coast. The American War of Independence began.

In order to unite against Britain, the Second Continental Congress of North America decided in June 14 to set up a colonial joint armed force, namely the Continental Army.

Washington was appointed Commander-in-Chief 10 year 10 month 13 day, people decided to build a continental army fleet. 1776 On July 4th, the Continental Congress adopted "independence".

The Declaration proclaimed the birth of the United States of America. At the beginning of the war, the strength of the two sides was very different. Britain is the most powerful in the world.

Colonial countries, with world-class navies, have about 30 thousand British troops stationed in North America, which are well-equipped and well-trained; North American colonization

With a population of only 3 million, the land is short of soldiers, major generals, backward equipment and lack of training. However, the justice and progress of the war affected the war.

The process and the ending. This war can be divided into two stages.

1775 ~ 1778 is the first stage of the war. The main battlefield is in the north, and the British army has the advantage. After the war began, the British army

Take the initiative to attack in an attempt to quickly extinguish the revolutionary fire in the colony. Its overall strategy is: the navy controls the east coast of North America and owns land.

The army marched from the north and south of Canada and new york respectively, and marched to Lake plank and Hudson Valley to isolate the most determined new anti-British faction.

Colonies in England, and then carve up other colonies one by one. Due to the weakness of the continental army, except for an expedition at the beginning of the war,

Using foreign countries, we are basically on the defensive and adopt the policy of waiting for defeating the enemy and winning foreign aid. 1May 775, the militia owner in the colony.

Attack and besiege Boston. 17 In June, the colonial militia won the first battle in Bunker Hill on the outskirts of Boston and annihilated Britain.

1000 troops. 1776 In March, British troops led by William Howe were forced to evacuate from Boston to Halifax for assistance. At the end of August, Hao Lv

32,000 British troops attacked new york with the cooperation of naval fleet. Washington led10.9 million troops to fight positional warfare with the British, resulting in heavy losses.

Heavy, forcing 1 1 rate more than 5000 people evacuated to New Jersey, the British occupation of new york. On Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve,

Washington took advantage of the carelessness of the British army to raid Trenton and Princeton, and captured nearly a thousand enemies, which greatly boosted morale. 1777

In the summer of, john burgoyne led 7,000 British troops south from Canada in an attempt to join forces with Hao. However, Hao did not go north as planned, but led.

65,438+800,000 troops went south and captured Philadelphia, the seat of the Continental Congress, in September. Berg went to Saratoga because he went deep alone.

At that time, it was besieged by American troops and guerrillas at 12, and 5000 British troops were forced to surrender to American troops at 10+07. Saratoga, Battle of Saratoga

It became a turning point in this war, prompting France, Spain and the Netherlands to declare war on Britain one after another. The change of the situation forced the British army to

June 1778 Abandoned Philadelphia and decided to retreat to new york. Subsequently, the war in the north was deadlocked.

1779 ~ 178 1 was the second stage of the war. The main battlefield turned to the south, and the American army defeated the strong with the weak. The new commander-in-chief of the British army

After Linton came to power, he took advantage of the fact that there were more "loyalists" in the south and he was close to the West Indies, and decided to send troops to Britain.

The main force of the army moved to the south in an attempt to divide and rule the southern states of the United States, relying on coastal bases and new york to contain the north. Continental army

They tried to cooperate with French Lu Haijun, control coastal bases, and actively carry out guerrilla warfare to break the British plan. 1778

In the end, the British army captured Savannah, the capital of Georgia, and started a powerful offensive in the south. Autumn in South America 1779

Army commander Lincoln attacked Savannah, the main base of the British army in the south, together with the French fleet commanded by Destin, and was frustrated. 1780, Kechun

Linton led 65,438+4,000 British troops, surrounded Charleston on both sides of the land and water, forced more than 5,000 Lincoln troops to surrender and captured warships.

Four ships, which made the US military lose the most in the whole war. Later, Clinton led a British army to new york and stayed.

Cornwallis commanded 7000 British troops to control the southern land and coast. This facilitates the activities of militia and guerrillas in the south. continent

The meeting appointed Green as the commander of the American army in the south, and cooperated with Morgan to carry out guerrilla warfare in the south, which was carried out in June and March of 178 1+65438.

Burns and guildford defeated the British, forcing them to retreat from the mainland to the coast. In August of the same year, Cornwally led the southern British army.

The main force retreated to Yorktown, Virginia Peninsula. 101October 19, Washington directed more than 16,000 people from the United States and France to be frank with York.

The siege and annihilation of more than 7,000 British main forces won a decisive victory in this war. This victory led to the British cabinet

Fall down. 1782165438+1October 30th. The new British government reached an armistice agreement with the United States. On September 3, the following year, the two sides signed a peace treaty in Paris.

Britain was forced to recognize American independence.

The American War of Independence is a typical war case in which the small wins the big and the weak wins the strong. This victory opened the development of American capitalism.

This road had a great influence on the French Revolution and the Latin American national liberation movement.

Declaration of independence in Chinese and English

In the name of the people and power of these colonies, we solemnly declare that these joint colonies have since become and

Moreover, it should be a free and independent United States, and they have lifted all their subordination to the king of England. They are different from the big ones.

From now on, all political ties between the Kingdom of Lebanon should be completely abolished.

-Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence

Therefore, we, the representatives of the United States of in the name of people, gathered at the plenary meeting to ask the world's highest judge to rule on our intentions and solemnly publish and announce them with the kindness and authority of these colonies. These unified colonies are, and should be, free and independent countries; They have been exempted from all loyalty to the British royal family, and all political ties between them and the great Britain have been and should be completely lifted; As free and independent countries, they have full rights to wage war, conclude peace, conclude alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and the possible rights of independent countries.

The Significance of American War of Independence

The American War of Independence was the first large-scale colonial war for national independence in the history of the world. Its victory opened the gap in the British colonial system and set an example for the colonial national liberation war. The War of Independence was a bourgeois revolution, which overthrew British colonial rule and founded the United States of America. At the same time, the feudal remnants of the colonial period, such as the eldest son inheritance law, limited inheritance law and service tax, were eradicated, and contract slavery was basically abolished. Thus liberating the productive forces and opening up a broad road for the development of American capitalism. As Lenin said: "The history of modern civilized America began with a great, truly liberated and truly revolutionary war."

The victory of the American War of Independence promoted the bourgeois revolution in Europe.

The American War of Independence did not solve the problem of land or slavery, which made the north and south of the United States embark on two different economic development paths after independence, and finally led to the outbreak of the American Civil War.