What is the history of Kaifeng?

Several early Neolithic Peiligang cultural sites have been discovered in Wanlonggang site in Wanlong Township, Xiangfu District, Kaifeng City, and Duantougang site in Weichuan Town, Weishi County. These excavations prove that there were human activities in Kaifeng as early as five or six thousand years ago.

Zhuan Xu, one of the Five Emperors, was named "Lai Family" in Levin (now Levin Town, Qixian County) because of his meritorious service in assisting Shao Hao in his early years. Dayu lived in the east of Yangcheng (now Dengfeng, Zhengzhou) in order to avoid Shangdu (now Yucheng, Shangqiu). In the later period of Wang Xia's rule, he moved the capital from its original place to Laoqiu (now Guoduli Village in the northeast of Kaifeng City). Laoqiu, as the capital of Xia Dynasty, experienced five dynasties and six emperors: Emperor Yi for 3 years, Emperor Fen for 44 years, Emperor Mang 18 years, Emperor Xie for 25 years, Emperor Budi for 59 years and 65,438+.

In the early Spring and Autumn Period (8th century BC), Zheng Zhuanggong, the monarch of the State of Zheng, built a granary city near Zhuxian Town in Xiangfu District and named it Kaifeng.

Qin, located in Daliang County, belongs to the Party County and governs Suiyang County (now Suiyang District, Shangqiu City).

In the Western Han Dynasty, Junyi County was established in China. Junyi, as the name of Kaifeng, has been used for about 800 years. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Emperor Liu Qizhi, Kaifeng County was changed to Kaifeng County, which was the earliest origin of the name "Kaifeng". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Junyi County was still under the jurisdiction of Chenliu County. In the fifteenth year of Jianwu (39 years), Emperor Guangwu changed his department to a captain's department, and Henan county to Henan Yin, and Kaifeng county belonged to it.

In the first year of Tian Ping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534), Emperor Xiaojing established Liangzhou, which governed Chenliu, Kaifeng and Yang Xia counties. In 576, Emperor Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty changed Liangzhou to Bianzhou, which was the beginning of Kaifeng's name "Bianzhou", and changed from county governance to state governance. Kaifeng, which has been lost for nearly a hundred years, has gradually recovered its vitality, and Kaifeng has become one of the eight important warehouses on the water transport line of the Northern Wei Dynasty against the Southern Dynasties.

In the 6th year (555) and 10 year (559) of natural forest protection in Wen Xuandi, Northern Qi Dynasty, the famous Jianguo Temple (Dasuoguo Temple) and Gu Temple (around Kaifeng Tower) were built respectively. The development of Buddhist culture laid an early foundation for the vigorous rise of Bianliang culture in Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty established Chenliu County in Junyi County (now Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City), and later changed Chenliu County to Bianzhou.

The middle section of the Grand Canal with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers is the Bianhe River connecting the Yellow River and Huaihe River and running through Bianzhou. The section from the Yellow River to the Huaihe River is also called Tongji Canal.

In the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (62 1), Bianzhou General Administration was established to administer Bianzhou, Yizhou, qi zhou and Chen Zhou. In the seventh year of Wude (624), Bianzhou General Political Department was changed to Bianzhou Governor's Office. In the first year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong (627), Henan Road was established, which governed Junyi County (now Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City). In the first year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (742), Bianzhou was once changed to Chenliu County. In the second year of Tang Dezong Jianzhong (78 1), Li Mian, a relative of Li Tang, went to Bianzhou as my ambassador to build 22 miles of Bianzhou City (now Xiangfu District, Kaifeng City). In the first year of Xingyuan (784), Li Xilie occupied Bianzhou City, arrogantly called himself the emperor, and called himself "Chu". In the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, "Wucheng" took Bianzhou as the main political beam.

During the Five Dynasties, Hou Liang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou successively established their capitals in Kaifeng, which was called "East Capital" or "Tokyo". During this period, Kaifeng officially replaced Luoyang and became the national political, economic, cultural and transportation center.

Kaifeng, the capital of Hou Liang, has been opened for seventeen years. Although the time is short, the state rent is very light and the people have a rest. At the same time, the capital of Hou Liang is Kaifeng, which makes the political, economic, cultural and military center of China transfer from Luoyang in Heluo area to Kaifeng area in eastern Henan plain, which is of epoch-making significance to the transfer of the ancient capital and political center of China.

Dasong Dynasty is the most glorious era in Kaifeng history and China feudal history, with developed economy and culture and prosperous social life. The population of Kaifeng City has reached1500,000. (According to Geography of Song History, during the Chongning period, there were 26117 households with 442,940 people in Kaifeng. ")

With its beautiful city scenery and magnificent city walls, it was not only the political, economic and cultural center of the country, but also the most prosperous metropolis in the world at that time. The history books even use the words "Eight Wastelands for Xian Tong" to describe the prosperity of Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, vividly depicts the bustling scenes and beautiful natural scenery on both sides of the Bianhe River in Kaifeng City, Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In March of the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Xu Da led the Northern Expeditionary Army to capture Henan. At this time, many people suggested to Zhu Yuanzhang that the capital of the capital city of Bianliang. In April, Zhu Yuanzhang visited the capital. In May, the Capital of Song Dynasty Road was changed to Kaifeng Prefecture, and Kaifeng County was merged into Xiangfu County. At this point, the two counties were unified, Henan Zhongshu was divided into provinces, and the province ruled Kaifeng. In August of the same year, Kaifeng Prefecture was upgraded to the capital, Kaifeng City was rebuilt, and Tucheng was changed into a brick city.

The Qing Dynasty basically followed the administrative divisions of the Ming Dynasty. Because Kaifeng city was flooded, the offices of the provincial government were sent to the neighboring counties as directors.

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Kaifeng, formerly known as Laoqiu, Daliang, Chenliu, Bianzhou, Tokyo, Bianjing and Bianliang, is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province. Located in the central and eastern part of Henan Province, it is adjacent to Zhengzhou, the provincial capital in the west, Shangqiu in the east, Xuchang and Zhoukou in the south and Xinxiang across the Yellow River in the north. As of 20 16, Kaifeng has a total area of 6,266 square kilometers, governs 5 municipal districts and 4 counties, and has a permanent population of 4,546,700.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia Kaifeng