Why did humans choose to immigrate to Mars?

Since we want to emigrate, we must of course find the most suitable place for human life. There are indeed Earth-like planets in the universe, such as Kepler 452B discovered by NASA in 20 15, Earth's twin brother B discovered in 20 16, and Trappist- 1 three livable planets discovered in February 20 17. However, the distance between these planets and the earth is as long as tens of light years or even more, and the current aircraft technology is far from being able to achieve manned arrival.

Within the solar system, human beings can't land on the planet with too much gravity, and they can't survive in the extremely cold and hot environment. Being too far away from the earth will lead to a long round-trip time and a poor environment for Venus. After removing these options, only Mars is left.

As far as the current cognition is concerned, Mars is indeed the most promising extraterrestrial planet for manned landing. However, it is still quite different from the earth's environment: the surface gravity of Mars is about 38% of the earth's, the air pressure is less than 1% of the earth's, the atmospheric composition is 95% carbon dioxide, the average temperature is -63℃, and the rotation period is 24.6 hours. However, this is our best choice.

What are the technical problems in landing on Mars?

It's beautiful, so why not go to Mars? Wait a minute, there are still some technical problems.

With the current transfer ability, it will take more than 500 days for humans to go to Mars. This 500-day interstellar flight and its existence on the surface of Mars will face many difficulties and challenges. From the human point of view, the main difficulties in landing on Mars are: radiation protection, weightlessness, nutrition and food, environmental control and life support system. Technical difficulties such as medical support, psychological maintenance, living materials support and extravehicular operations, such as building a new spacecraft, designing a Mars lander, and designing a reentry system. These problems need to be overcome and there is still a long way to go!

How much do you know about the Mars immigration project?

Although there are still many technical problems in landing on Mars, this does not hinder the enthusiasm of human beings to plan to move to Mars. There are several preliminary plans for human "Mars Dream".

1, Mars-1 migration plan

This project was initiated by Bass Langsdorp in June 20 12. It is planned to launch the Mars probe in 20 18, and the first batch of materials will arrive in Mars in 2020. In 20021year, water and oxygen needed by astronauts will be produced in Mars equipment. When the first astronauts arrive in Mars in 2023, they will start to grow food and get food on Mars.

2. Mars colonization plan

2012165438+1On October 22nd, elon musk of Space Exploration Technology Company launched a Mars colonization plan: sending 10 warriors to establish a colony on Mars in advance, and then gradually expanding the colonial scale when the time is ripe. Finally, it is estimated that about 80,000 people will settle on Mars in the next 15 ~ 20 years.

3. Inspire the Mars program

The program was initiated by dennis tito (the first space tourist) on April 22nd, 20 13. The content is: It was first realized in February 20 17, and two astronauts will be sent into space by Falcon heavy rocket and dragon spacecraft produced by California Space Exploration Technology Company, but they will fly around Mars once, but they will not enter the orbit of Mars. However, Professor Scott Hubbard of Stanford University believes that the technical report of the "Inspired Mars Foundation" is "longer than inspiration, shorter than technical details, and needs to be adjusted".

4. Zubrin's Mars transformation plan.

This plan attempts to realize the transformation of Mars from red Mars to green Mars and then to blue Mars. There are five main stages: ① Mars warming; (2) The soil heats up, releasing carbon dioxide, so that the temperature of Mars rises, and the water and ice in the soil melt and evaporate, forming weather phenomena such as rain and snow; ③ When the equatorial temperature of Mars reaches above 0℃, plants should be planted to establish the ecological environment on the surface of Mars; (4) Planting various plants on a large scale, developing agriculture, and scientists cultivating "super plants" to release a lot of oxygen; ⑤ Repeat the work in the third and fourth stages while waiting for the Martian plants to release enough oxygen for human beings to breathe freely.

Many scientists believe that it will take 20,000 to 654.38 million+years for Mars to become global and out of reach. But Robert Zuberlin, the founder and scientist of the Mars Society, believes that this process will take about 1000 years to complete.