What are the rules of ice hockey in the Winter Olympics?

Introduction to ice hockey Ice Hockey, also known as ice hockey, is a kind of ice hockey. Players wear special skates, protective gear and clothing and hold clubs to hit the ball on the ice rink. Ice hockey wins by hitting more balls into the opponent's goal. The fastest ball game in the world. [Edit this paragraph] Ice hockey history Ice hockey originated in Canada in the middle of19th century. A popular ice game in Kingston, Canada, in which players tie their skates with their feet and hold curved sticks to chase and beat ice hockey made of sawdust on the frozen lake. At that time, the number of participants and the venue were not limited, only two wooden poles were set as goals, which was the predecessor of modern ice hockey. From 65438 to 0879, McGill University in Montreal, Canada organized a formal ice hockey game, and the rules were formulated by Professor W·F· Robertson and Professor R·F· Smith. At first, it was stipulated that the number of participants from both sides was 1 1. Later, it was changed to 9 people, then to 7 people and finally to 6 people. Clubs and balls are also improving. Later, the sport gradually developed to the United States and Europe. 1908, the International Ice Hockey Federation was established in Paris, with its headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 1920 Ice hockey was listed as an event in the 7th Olympic Games. 1924 1 The Winter Olympic Games was held in France, and the Canadian team won the championship with absolute advantage. From 1924 to 1953, Canadian ice hockey has been in the leading position in the world and won the world championship for many times. 1954, the Soviet team defeated Canada and won the 2 1 world ice hockey championship, breaking Canada's monopoly on ice hockey. Ice hockey has a history of more than 60 years in China. 1935 At the 1 North China Ice Sports Exhibition held in Beiping, a 1 ice hockey game was held. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, ice hockey developed rapidly. The first National Ice Games was held in Harbin from 65438 to 0953, and five teams participated in the ice hockey competition. Later, various forms of ice hockey teams were established in some provinces and cities such as Northeast China and North China. Since 1955, the national ice hockey competition of 1 has been held every year. After 1956, the China ice hockey team began to participate in international competitions. 198 1 year, the World Ice Hockey Group C Championship was held in Beijing, China won the runner-up and advanced to Group B ... China won the gold medal at the 1 Asian Winter Games held in Japan in 1986.

Ice hockey is a sport that combines the technical and tactical concepts of football, hockey and speed skating. It appeared a little later than football, hockey and speed skating.

Ice hockey needs agile and skillful cornering skills, fast and changeable skating skills and a sense of collective cooperation. It is a team sport with strong physical antagonism.

According to records, before British and French immigrants and British colonists came to Canada, local Indians had played an interesting game on the ice. Later, after the British colonists occupied North America, British soldiers in Canada were inspired by Indians. In their spare time, they often made cans on ice.

When the ice activities in various countries were still in the game stage, Canadian student U Robertson applied the hockey skills he learned during his study in Britain to the ice, and combined with the characteristics of Indian "Lacrose" ball, created a new ice sport, which was the embryonic form of ice hockey.

From 65438 to 0858, the movement spread rapidly from Montreal and Quebec to the whole of Canada. Therefore, the original ice hockey was also called "Canadian ball". 1875, relevant organizations formulated simple rules of ice hockey competition. 1879, the ice hockey game officially started. 1890, the first ice hockey organization-Ontario Ice Hockey Association was established.

Since then, this sport has spread to Europe and other countries in the world, and it has become popular. [Edit this paragraph] The basic skills of ice hockey can be divided into two categories: sliding skills and offensive and defensive skills. Sliding is the most basic technique that ice hockey players must master skillfully, including starting, sliding forward, sliding backward, inertia turning, left and right pedaling and emergency stop. The sliding posture should be that the upper body is raised, slightly leaning forward, eyes looking forward, and feet touching the ice slightly faster. This sliding posture is conducive to the quick run and sudden stop and frequent change of direction on the field. Offensive and defensive techniques include controlling the ball, passing, passing, fighting for the ball and shooting, while defensive techniques include blocking, grabbing the ball, legal collision and goalkeeper's defense. Shooting is one of the most important offensive techniques. There are many ways to shoot, such as pull shot, pick shot, quick shot, shot shot, make-up shot and so on. These methods are divided into forehand and backhand. Now shooting methods such as ejection and pad shooting have been developed. [Edit this paragraph] Ice hockey tactics are offensive and defensive methods adopted in order to defeat opponents in the game. Including: ① attack tactics, including individual, 2 ~ 3 people and team attack tactics, and team attack tactics can be divided into fast attack and position attack. ② Defensive tactics, which are divided into individual defense, 2-3 person defense and team defense tactics. (3) The tactics of "more fighting and less fighting" and "less fighting and more fighting". Ice hockey rules stipulate that players are sent off for 2 minutes and 5 minutes, and there may be 6-5 or 6-4 playing more and less, which is the best time to score. Playing more and playing less is a special form of offensive tactics aimed at this situation. On the contrary, playing less and playing more is a special form of defensive tactics that players are forced to adopt because they are sent off. [Edit this paragraph] Ice hockey rules In an ice hockey match, there are two teams, and each team has six players on the field at all given game time. When a player is sent off for a foul, there will be no more than six players on each team.

Each player is equipped with a hockey stick with a blade to control the only small, hard and flat black disc-shaped ball on the field. This ball is called ice hockey. It's hard to skate better on the ice. The purpose of ice hockey game is to shoot more balls into the opponent's goal than the other side, and at the same time defend your own goal actively and forcefully.

Each team has a goalkeeper, two defenders and three forwards, which are divided into center, right wing and left wing. Except for the players of the two teams, only three referees are allowed on the court: one referee and two sideline referees.

Each game is divided into three rounds, each round is 20 minutes, and there is a 15 minute break or TV interview time between the two rounds. There is no overtime unless it is a draw. When the game is frequently interrupted, the timer will stop accordingly, thus ensuring that the audience can watch the actual game for 20 minutes.

The ice hockey field is 60-6 1 m long and 29-30m wide. The fence with the height of 1.20- 1.22 meters around the site is called "boundary wall", and shockproof glass is installed on the boundary wall to protect the audience who pay to watch the game.

At the beginning of the game, each player has his own basic position: 1) goalkeeper. 2) Defender. 3) winger or striker. 4) Center.

Goal width1.83m and height1.22m.. There is a goal net hanging on the door. If a team shoots, it can block the ball in the goal. The goalkeeper is the last line of defense. He can control the ball with the club, and can catch, hold, throw, save, kick and break the ball with his body or club. So the goalkeeper is heavily equipped and has a bigger club than anyone else. For further protection, he must also wear a mask. The small semicircle in front of the goal is called the goal area, which is the defensive area. Unless the ice hockey is in the goal area, the opposing player shall not stand in the goal area or interfere with the goalkeeper. When the ice hockey completely crosses the red line and is flush with the goal post, one point is scored.

Two defenders usually fight side by side. Their position is between the goal and the attack zone. The defender's task is to try to stop the puck from crossing his defensive blue line. If the ball crosses the blue line, he will try to intercept the puck and pass it to the striker. The main duty of a defender is to defend, so a defender must never stand in the wrong position.

The center mainly moves up and down in the midfield between the left and right wingers. It is usually the center who fights for the kick-off to start the game, and then he passes the ball to a winger who tries to attack and shoot. The center should try to attack and shoot by himself, or pass the ball to the winger to shoot. The center also shoulders the task of defense, defending his own area and intercepting the ball on the opponent's pole. The left and right wingers, as the name implies, are on the left and right sides of the court. They dribbled and tried to win the game with the center's goal. When the ball is broken, they must also intercept the opponent's attack.

Speaking of punishment, the referee punishes those players who repeatedly commit ordinary and obvious fouls, such as hitting people, tripping people, fighting, violently hitting people against the boundary wall (too violently hitting people against the boundary wall), elbowing people, stabbing people with the blade of the pole (with an ice hockey stick), pushing the pole (picking up the club to stop when encountering the opposing team) or delaying the game. The penalty time is divided into 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and penalty. During the competition, the announcer is required to announce the name and time of the foul penalty immediately after the player is punished for the foul. The player who is punished sits in another seat, usually on the other side of the field away from the player.

At the end of the game, one side wins (the one with more points is the winning team), and the players of the two teams line up to shake hands with each other to show their friendship and congratulate the winning team. [Edit this paragraph] The maximum size of a standard ice hockey court is 6 1m long and 30m wide. The minimum specification is 56 meters long and 26 meters wide; The radius of the quadrilateral circle is 7 ~ 8.5 meters. International competitions all adopt stadiums with a length of 665,438+0m, a width of 30m and an arc radius of 8.5m.. A solid boundary wall made of wood or plastic with a height of1.15 m ~1.22 m around the ice hockey field. In addition to the official marking of the site, all ice surfaces and the inner wall of the boundary wall should be white.

At both ends of the rink, 4 meters away from the end wall, cross the rink and extend to the boundary wall of the sideline, and draw two parallel red lines with a width of 5 cm as the goal line. Two goals are fixed in the center of the goal line. Two 30-cm-wide blue lines cross the ice rink and extend vertically to the sideline boundary wall, dividing the area between the two goal lines into three equal parts, one goal has a defensive area on one side, a middle road in the middle and an offensive area on the other side. In the middle of the ice rink, there is a red line with a width of 30 cm parallel to the blue line, which crosses the ice rink and extends vertically to the boundary wall of the sideline, called the midline. There is a blue dot with a diameter of 30 cm in the middle of the center line as the tee point. In addition, there are eight hitting points with a diameter of 60 cm and five hitting rings with a radius of 4.5 meters in the central area and the two end areas. There is a rectangle of 1.22 m× 2.44 m in front of each goal, which is connected by a red line with a line width of 5 cm, which is called the goal area. A semi-circular referee area with a radius of 3 meters is also drawn on the ice near the middle line of the boundary wall on one side of the sideline.

The width of the ice hockey goal is 1.83m, and the height is1.22m. The deepest part in the goal is not more than 1m or 60cm. The back of the goal bracket should be covered with a net, and a hanging net should be hung in the door to keep the ball in the door. The outer surfaces of doorposts and beams are red, while the inner surfaces and inner surfaces of other brackets and bases are white. Outside the boundary wall on one side of the skating rink, there is a separate team player seat, and outside the boundary wall on the opposite side, there are referee seats and penalty seats. In order to make the competition go smoothly, the skating rink must be equipped with signal devices, public timing devices and adequate lighting equipment. [Edit this paragraph] Ice hockey equipment: Ice hockey players' equipment includes ice hockey shoes, ice hockey knives, protective gear and ice hockey sticks.

Roller skates: high waist type, with hard outer layers such as toe, upper, ankle and heel. The long tongue in front and the hard high waist can tighten the legs and ankles and help the athletes support and exert their strength. Roller skates were originally made of high-quality cowhide, and all-plastic molded shoes appeared in the sixties and seventies. Now roller skates with nylon fiber uppers and plastic soles are mostly used internationally. This kind of shoes are lighter, harder and moistureproof than leather shoes, and are suitable for indoor skating rinks.

Ice hockey knife: originally a steel blade of Tito, now it is made of all-plastic tool rest and high-quality alloy steel blade, which is light in weight, resistant to knocking and rust-proof. Ice hockey knives are short in height, large in curvature and thick in blade. The height of the knife will not make the shoes touch the ice when the skates are tilted in a sharp turn; The blade has large curvature and small contact area with the ice surface, so it can slide and change direction flexibly; The blade is thick, which can resist the blow without bending; The shallow groove blade makes it sharp and durable. The goalkeeper's skates are wrapped around the shoes with specially thickened hard leather to resist the ball and protect the feet. The skates of a goalkeeper are very different from those of an athlete. They are all made of metal, and the blades are short and flat. The blades are connected with the tool rest in many places to prevent the ball from leaking.

The biggest difference from figure skates is that ice hockey skates are small in stress area, flexible and resistant to beating.

Protective equipment: In order to prevent injury in fierce confrontation, athletes wear protective equipment all over. Protective gear includes helmet, mask, shoulder pad, chest protector, waist protector, body protector, elbow protector, gloves, underwear, leg protector and ankle protector. Modern ice hockey protective gear generally adopts light hard plastic shell and is lined with sponge or foam plastic pad. Goalkeepers wear special masks, gloves, padded chest protectors and padded and widened leg protectors. Ice hockey stick: made of wood, the length from the root to the end of the handle should not be longer than 147 cm. The blade length shall not exceed 32 cm, and the width shall not exceed 5 ~ 7.5 cm. The widened part of the goalkeeper's club handle shall not be longer than 7 1 cm and wider than 9 cm from the root, and the length and width of the blade shall not exceed 39 cm.

Ice hockey: made of black hard rubber or materials recognized by the International Ice Federation. The ball has a thickness of 2.54cm, a diameter of 7.62cm and a weight of 156 ~ 170g. [Editor's Note] Although the origin of ice hockey is still unclear, it is generally believed that ice hockey was introduced to North America by the British. In the early British garrison in Canada, people loved this sport very much. In the1870s, some students of McGill University in Canada began to organize ice hockey competitions and formulated related rules, which were called "McGill Rules". In order to adapt to this rule, people replaced the early rubber balls with the current ice hockey, and each team of ice hockey players was designated as 9 people.

From 65438 to 0885, the first national ice hockey organization-Canadian Amateur Ice Hockey Association was born in Montreal, Canada. The organization reduced the number of people in each team to seven, and in the same year, it established a hockey league consisting of four teams in Lake Ontario.

In A.D. 1890, the sport spread to the United States, and Johns Hopkins University and Yale University held a famous ice hockey game in A.D. 1895. Although ice hockey is only an entertainment project in Canada, the United States established the first national professional ice hockey league, which was established in 1903 and headquartered in Horton, Michigan. Teams and players from Canada and the United States are members of this organization. Three years later, its scale doubled to 19 10, and the North American Professional Hockey League (NHL) was formally established.

The first ice hockey game was held in Halifax, a small town in Canada from 65438 to 0856. Each team played 15, trying to hit the ball into the other team's goal to win. This kind of game competition quickly attracted people's attention. By 1858, ice hockey was popular all over Canada and soon spread to Europe. 1857 On March 3rd, the first official ice hockey match was held at Victoria Ice rink in Montreal, Canada. 1885, ice hockey rose in the Nordic countries. At this time, seven people from each team participated in the competition. 1890, the first ice hockey organization in the world, the Ontario Ice Hockey Association of Canada, was established, and ice hockey spread rapidly to the west coast in Canada. Then, ice hockey clubs were set up all over the country. Ice hockey soon spread to Europe, first in Britain, Switzerland, France, Belgium and other countries. [Edit this paragraph] A kind of ice hockey played by women. Started in Canada. It became popular in Czechoslovakia, Japan and other countries. The rules of the game are similar to those of men's ice hockey, except that each game is divided into upper, middle and lower rounds, each of which lasts for 20 minutes. There is a 15 minute break between the two innings. In addition, hitting the opponent's chest is also a foul. Compared with men's ice hockey, the antagonism is much weaker.

Ranking of previous women's ice hockey world championships

Annual ranking of host city teams

1990 Ottawa, Canada 8 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. Switzerland. Norway. West Germany. Japan.

1992 Tampere 8 1 Finland. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. China Norway. Denmark. Switzerland.

1994 Lake Placid, USA 8 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. China Sweden. Norway. Switzerland. Germany.

1997 Chisinau 8 1 Canada. Canada. America 3. Finland. China Sweden. Russia. Switzerland. Norway.

1999 Espeisse, Finland 8 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. China Russia. Germany. Switzerland.

2000 Canada, Mississauga 8 1. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. Russia. China Germany. Japan.

200 1 Minneapolis, USA 8 1. Canada. America 3. Russia. Finland. Germany. China Sweden. Kazakhstan.

Halifax, Canada 9 1 2004. Canada. America 3. Finland. Sweden. Russia. Germany. China Switzerland. Japan.

2005 Lin Xue, Sweden Pinghe Beixueping 8 1. America 2. Canada. Sweden. Finland. Germany. China Kazakhstan. Russia.

Winnipeg, selkirk, Canada 9 1. Canada. America 3. Sweden. Finland. Switzerland. China Russia. Germany. Kazakhstan.

The starting point of the 2008 China Beijing 9[ edit this paragraph] ice hockey terminology competition

There is a blue dot in the middle of the red center line, which is the tee point. At the beginning of each game or after the goal, both sides should compete for the ball at this time to start the next game.

issue

In addition, there are eight other points on the field, which are called match points. During the game, if the attacker directly hits the ball over the opponent's goal line at half time to form a "dead ball", the referee should whistle to stop the game and take the ball back to the attacker's defense area to grab the ball. Both sides grab the ball and start the game again.

offside

Before the ball enters the attack zone, the attacker can't enter the attack zone before the ball, otherwise it is offside. At this point, the referee should whistle to stop the game, take the ball back to the central match point and start the game again.

fair charge

During the competition, athletes can collide with the opposing ball control players with their shoulders, chests and hips, but they are not allowed to slide for more than three steps or jump up to collide, nor are they allowed to violently collide with the boundary wall from behind or within 3 meters from the boundary wall, otherwise the collision is illegal.

Anyone who violates the rules will be fined 2 minutes or 5 minutes plus 10 depending on the circumstances. Serious cases will be punished as serious violations or disqualified from the competition.

Break the rules

Because the speed of the ice hockey game is extremely fast, and the players have ice hockey sticks in their hands, it will be extremely uncivilized and even dangerous if the game situation on the field is not properly controlled. Therefore, the following operations are not allowed:

Pushing and hugging people with your hands, tripping people with your legs, elbowing people, hooking people with a stick, tripping people, pushing obstacles with a stick, lifting over your shoulders with a bad stick, participating in competitions with a bad stick, throwing clubs outside the court, hitting people with a stick, stabbing people with a club head or poking people.

If the above phenomenon occurs, the referee will give a small penalty, a big penalty, a foul or a serious foul as appropriate.

Ice hockey position name

C midfielder Lw: left winger Rw: right winger ld: left defender Rd: right defender C center LW left winger RW right striker LD left defender RD right defender [Edit this paragraph] Men's ice hockey champions in previous Winter Olympics.

1924 Canadian ice hockey team in Chamonix Winter Olympics

1928 St. Moritz Winter Olympics Canadian ice hockey team

1932 Lake Placid Winter Olympics Canadian ice hockey team

1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Olympics English ice hockey team

1948 St. Moritz Winter Olympics Canadian ice hockey team

1952 Canadian ice hockey team in Oslo, Norway

1956 Winter Olympics in Coti Danpezzo, Italy, former Soviet ice hockey team.

1960 American Squavally Winter Olympics American ice hockey team

1964 The former Soviet ice hockey team in the Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria

1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, former Soviet ice hockey team

1972 Japan Sapporo Winter Olympics former Soviet ice hockey team

1976 The former Soviet ice hockey team in the Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria

1980 Lake Placid Winter Olympics American ice hockey team

1984 the former Soviet ice hockey team in sarajevo, yugoslavia.

1988 former Soviet ice hockey team in Calgary, Canada

1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, former Soviet ice hockey team

1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics Swedish ice hockey team

1998 Czech ice hockey team in Nagano Winter Olympics

Canadian ice hockey team at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City

Swedish ice hockey team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin

20 10 Vancouver Winter Olympics Canadian ice hockey team

20 14 Sochi Winter Olympics-[Edit this paragraph] Ice hockey sticks

On the left is the goalkeeper's stick, and on the right is the average player's stick.

The goalkeeper's club is different from that of ordinary players, and so is his grip.

Traditional clubs are wooden poles carved from ash, maple or elm trees. Recently, due to the progress of materials,

There are different combinations: shaft (aluminum/wood/carbon fiber/fiber reinforced composite resin)+blade (wood/glass fiber/reinforced resin/carbon fiber).

Generally, most wooden shafts cannot be replaced by blades, that is to say, regardless of blades.

What material is it made of? If it is worn to a certain extent, it will be replaced with a new one.

While aluminum rods and carbon fiber rods can be replaced by blades.

You can choose your favorite material to replace after wear. But aluminum poles and carbon fiber poles are not cheap.

The price of a better blade is similar to buying a brand-new imported wooden pole.

The harder the shaft, the faster the hitting speed, but it needs strong arms and is suitable for professional players.

The average hockey player can hit the ball up to 100 mph.

Experienced players will hit the ice behind the ball when doing "slapshot".

Coupled with the force of the body pressing down, the club is bent. This action is called "load", which uses the power of the club to play directly.

Play a high-speed ball with your own strength. But the harder the club is, the more force it needs to bend, so it is more difficult.

Aluminum rod is a hard rod, and reinforced resin rod has different elasticity and hardness according to the arrangement of its reinforced fibers, so it has great choice.

The material of the club is very important, which affects the ball control and speed, just like the pounds of tennis racket threading.

The angle between the shaft and the blade is called "inclination angle", and the smaller the inclination angle, the better the ball control (

The ball is closer to the body), lying.

The bigger the ball, the wider the ball control range. Theoretically, it should be chosen according to height and habits, but domestic businesses are not so professional.

So there's no choice.

The length of the club depends on everyone's height. The principle is to stand the club upright in front of you after putting on skates, and the end of the club is ideal between chin and nose tip.

If it is too long, you can cut it short by yourself. The defender can be longer, the defensive range is wider, the striker can be shorter, and the dribbling shot is more flexible.

It can be decided according to personal preference.

Clubs can be attached to the face and tail with special hockey tape, but general medical tape is similar.

The advantage of wrapping the end of the club is that it can increase friction, and the grip is very slippery when wearing gloves.

As for winding on the club head, friction can be increased to control the ball.

Clubs can be divided into left and right bars, and the person holding the right bar holds the end of the bar with his left hand and puts it on the floor.

The right hand is held at one forearm under the left hand.

This is a left-handed stick.

Here is the stick in the right hand.

To choose whether to take a left stick or a right stick, some people are left-handed and right-handed, that is, right-handed people take a right stick and left-handed people take a left stick.

This habitual hand in the center of the shaft, the ball will be more powerful. But under normal circumstances, how to take it naturally depends on how convenient it is to take it.

A foul action related to the bat:

-Hook: Hook the other person's body with a stick.

-spare: poke the other person's body with the tip of a stick.

-butt end: hit the other person's body with the top of the pole.

-Cross-check: Hold the stick in both hands, and hit each other with the stick in both hands.

-High shot: Hit the ball above the goal crossbar.

Defensive behaviors related to bats:

[1][2] Poke check: the defensive action of poking the ball with a stick.

(One-handed cane)

Scan check:

(One-handed cane)

Elevator inspection:

(Holding sticks in both hands) [Edit this paragraph] Ice hockey team sports tips 1) World management organization of ice hockey:

International Ice Hockey Federation. IIHF is the abbreviation of International Ice Hockey Federation.

2) Major international ice hockey competitions:

World amateur ice hockey championship.

3) How many players are there on the ice hockey team?

An ice hockey team has 6 players (in fact, each team can consist of 20 players, but only 6 players are allowed to play).