Big Data of Immigration History: Why did these 6.5438+0.6 million people immigrate to the United States?

According to the 20 15 hurun white paper on investment and immigration in China, the United States and Canada are the countries that China's high-net-worth people want to go to most, and the main reasons for their overseas investment are asset allocation, risk diversification and children's education. So how many China people immigrated to the United States after 1980? Are they all rich?

2.2 million people born in China live in the United States.

The US Census Bureau has data about China's immigration to the United States, but it is described as "a person born in China and living in the United States". Its definition refers to people who were born in China and now live in the United States, including those who have naturalized in the United States, those who have permanent residency in the United States, and legal non-immigrant visa holders (non-immigrant student visas, work visas, temporary visas). Therefore, strictly speaking, some data from the US Census Bureau about China people immigrating to the United States are non-immigrants. Of course, if international students can find jobs in the United States after graduation, they can also be converted into immigrant visas. Therefore, the statistics of the US Census Bureau can not be regarded as immigration data, but as the data of the number of people born and living in the United States in China.

According to the data of the US Census Bureau, as of 1960, the number of people born in China (including those born in Hong Kong) living in the United States is less than 654.38+10,000, which is 99,735. By 1970, the number of people born in China living in the United States had risen to1721320,000, an increase of more than 70,000 people over 10. By 1980, the number of China born and living in the United States reached 366,500. After 1980, the number of people born in China living in the United States increased sharply. By 1990, the number of people born in China living in the United States was 676,968. By 2000, the number of people born in China living in the United States was 65,438+065,438+092,437. From 190 to 10 in 2000, the number of births in China living in the United States increased by more than 500,000, with an average of about 50,000 per year. By 20 10, the number of China born and living in the United States is 1808066. From 2000 to 20 10, the number of China-born people living in the United States increased by more than 600,000, with an average of about 60,000 per year. According to the data provided by the United Nations, as of 20 14, there were 2.2 million people born in China living in the United States.

In 30 years, 6,543.8+0.6 million people have obtained American green cards.

Observing the actual situation of China people immigrating to the United States, if water is to be removed, the most accurate data should be the number of China people who have obtained permanent residency (green card) in the United States, which is the real immigration data. The statistics of the US Department of Homeland Security are quite authoritative, and there is complete information about China people's permanent residence in the United States every year. According to the statistics of the US Department of Homeland Security, from 1980 to 1990, the number of China people (including Hong Kong residents) who have obtained US green cards is 283,029. From 1990 to 1999, 458,952 people in China have obtained American green cards. From 2000 to 20 10, the number of people in China who obtained American green cards was 720,438+0.57 million. From 20 1 1 to 20 12, the number of people who obtained American green cards in China was 168800. In this way, from 1980 to 20 12, the total number of people who have obtained American green cards in China is 1630938, which is the actual data of China's immigration to the United States in the 30 years since China's reform and opening up.

If you get a green card in the United States, you will still be a citizen of China if you don't get American citizenship. Therefore, how many immigrants from China become American citizens is another indicator to observe China's immigration to the United States. According to the statistics of the US Immigration Bureau, as of 2000, * * 7 15999 China citizens (including Hong Kong-born people) have obtained US green cards and become American citizens. According to the statistics of the US Department of Homeland Security, from 200 1 to 20 10, * * 3,285,438+0,000 China citizens became American citizens, with an average of more than 30,000 per year. Based on the above two sets of data, as of 20 10, there are * * * 400580 people in China who immigrated to the United States and became American citizens. Compared with China's 6.5438+0.6 million people who have obtained American green cards, the proportion of China people who immigrated to the United States to become American citizens is not too high.

How do China people immigrate to the United States?

How did China immigrate to the United States? According to 20 10, there are four main ways for China people to get American green cards. First, immediate family members immigrate, such as children immigrate to their parents and parents immigrate to their children. Those who got green cards accounted for 19.2% of those who got green cards that year. Second, non-lineal immigrants such as brothers and sisters, seven aunts and eight aunts, and the number of people who obtained green cards accounted for 34. 1% of those who obtained green cards that year. These two types of relatives immigrants constitute the main part of China immigrants to the United States, accounting for about 53.3% of those who obtained green cards that year. Third, professional immigrants. After obtaining a degree in the United States, you can apply for an immigrant visa through your employer and eventually get permanent residency. This kind of people who get American green cards can be described as talented people, and it is also the focus that the United States most hopes to attract talents through immigration policies. In 20 10, professional immigrants accounted for 25.3% of those who obtained green cards that year, which was not low. The fourth is to get a green card in the United States through asylum, accounting for 2 1% of the number of people who get a green card.

The number of rich people from China who immigrate to the United States through investment accounts for a small proportion of the number of immigrants from China to the United States, but because of the investment involved, they are particularly concerned. From 2006 to March 20 12, the United States approved 65,438+4,708 investment immigration cases, half of which were investment immigration cases applied by China people. Even if the minimum investment is 500,000 US dollars, the rich in China have invested more than 3.5 billion US dollars to immigrate to the United States. 20 13 and 20 14 are another peak period for the rich in China to apply for American investment immigration. According to the statistics of Forbes magazine, in just 20 13 years, among the investment immigration cases approved by the United States, the rich in China accounted for 80%.

Chinese have the largest number of employees in three major fields.

What do China immigrants from Chinese mainland do in the United States? What is their economic status? These are all interesting topics. First, let's look at the work of Chinese Americans. According to the research of scholars from the University of Maryland, Chinese Americans have the largest number of employees in three main fields. First of all, in the management and professional fields, the proportion of employed people is 53.4%. Followed by sales and office clerks, the proportion of employed people is 20.8%. Third, in the service industry, the proportion of the employed population is 15.4%. If it is subdivided. China's industries in the United States are mainly concentrated in four aspects, employing 60.9% of China's labor force. The industry with the largest number of Chinese employees in the United States is educational services (such as various extracurricular remedial classes, SAT review classes, Chinese education, etc.). ), medical and health services and social assistance services (such as real estate agency, immigration services, etc. ), and the employed account for 19.9%. The second place is art, entertainment, tourism services, hotel catering, 15% employment. Among them, the catering industry is still one of the pillar industries for China immigrants to survive in the United States, and Chinese restaurants in major American cities have become symbols of China culture. The third place is manufacturing, with employees 13.5%. The fourth place is the professional, scientific and management industries, with employment of 13.3%. In addition, the industries with more employees in China are: wholesale and retail, with employees accounting for12.7%; In the financial real estate industry, employees account for 8.6%; In the communication industry, 3.2% people are employed.

In terms of occupational categories, 52.2% of China people are engaged in professional fields, management and related fields, accounting for more than half of the population, which is consistent with the statistics that most people in China are highly educated. The average ratio of professionals and managers in the United States is 3 1.6%, which is less than one third of the total population. The proportion of people engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishery in China is 0. 1%, which is obviously lower than the national average of 0.7%. In addition, the proportion of people engaged in basic industries such as construction, repair, manufacturing and transportation is 1 1%, which is less than half of the national average.

Eighty percent of immigrants from China belong to the working class.

80.4% of Chinese immigrants in the United States belong to the working class, mainly working in private enterprises. 13.2% of Chinese Americans are employed by government agencies or government-paid departments, and 6. 1% of Chinese Americans are self-employed. The proportion of China people working in government agencies and being their own bosses is lower than the average level in the United States. The proportion of Americans working in government agencies or government-paid departments is 14.6%, and the proportion of self-employed bosses is 6.5%. In China, the proportion of the second generation who start their own businesses as bosses is even lower, only 2.5%.

In the United States, the catering industry ranks first among the three occupations with the largest number of men in China from 18 to 64 years old, with employees accounting for 8.2% of the total male labor force. Followed by computer software development and other related fields, employment accounted for 7.5%. The third place is managers, accounting for 6.4% of the total number of male employees in China. The employment distribution of Chinese men can clearly reflect the differentiation of Chinese immigrants' economic status in the United States. Blue-collar jobs are mainly catering, which is the easiest job for many first-generation Chinese immigrants after they immigrated to the United States. Although their income is not high, it is still enough to support their lives. They can even save tens of thousands of dollars every year and send them back to China to improve the lives of their families.

These blue-collar jobs often don't need high education, and they don't have to rely on good English to survive. Therefore, these immigrants from China seldom come into contact with the mainstream society. They are basically "China people in the United States" living in besieged cities. Most white-collar workers in China have received higher education in the United States, and they are employed in professional services and management. They not only have higher income, but also communicate with the mainstream society easily, and then enter the ranks of the American middle class.

/kloc-What is the employment situation of China women aged 0/8 to 64 in the United States? Let's look at the six occupations where women's employment is most concentrated. Accountants and auditors are the occupations in which women in China have the highest proportion of employment in the United States, accounting for 6.4% of the female labor force in China. The second occupation is computer software development and other related fields, with employees accounting for 4.6%. Ranked third is the management profession, with employees accounting for 3.3%. The fourth is a restaurant waiter, with 3.2% employees. Ranked fifth is cashier, with 3.2% employees. Ranked sixth is the lathe worker, with 2.5% employees.

As can be seen from the above data, education level is closely related to occupation, and China immigrants who have received university education in the United States often work and develop in the field of occupation or management. China immigrants with only high school education are engaged in blue-collar jobs.

What do mainland immigrants do in the United States?

So, what are the main occupations of Chinese mainland immigrants in the United States? According to the statistics of the Census Bureau, the service industry accounts for the highest proportion of immigrants from Chinese mainland, USA, with 20.2% for male immigrants and 9.6% for female immigrants. 14.4% of male immigrants are engaged in management, commerce, finance and other industries, and the proportion of female immigrants in the above industries is 17.2%.

The employment rate of male immigrants in science and engineering is 13.7%, and that of female immigrants is 8. 1%.

The proportion of male immigrants employed in the information technology industry is 1 1. 1%, and the proportion of female immigrants is 6.8%. The employment rate of male immigrants in education, training, media and entertainment industry is 7. 1%, and that of female immigrants is 8.8%.

8.7% of male immigrants are engaged in the sales industry, and the proportion of female immigrants is 7.8%. 1 1.6% of female immigrants work as office clerks, and the proportion of male immigrants is 5.5%. In the construction and transportation industry, the employment rate of male immigrants in this industry is 8.2%, and that of female immigrants is 1.6%. In the manufacturing, decoration and maintenance industries, 5.6% of male immigrants are engaged in this work, and the proportion of female immigrants is 5.5%. The proportion of male immigrants engaged in social services and legal professions is 1.2%, and the proportion of female immigrants is 1.5%.

The profession of doctor is one of the most popular occupations for immigrants from Taiwan Province province, China, and 4.2% of immigrants from Taiwan Province province are engaged in this profession. Among the immigrants from Chinese mainland, the proportion of doctors is not very high. The proportion of male immigrants is 1.7%, and that of female immigrants is 1.4%. However, many female immigrants have joined the nursing industry, and 1.8% are nurses. Another 2.9% of female immigrants are employed in other types of health care industries, and the proportion of male immigrants is 1.6%. 3.3% of female immigrants are engaged in the medical insurance nursing industry, and the proportion of male immigrants is 0.8%.