Achievements of Russian internal security forces

After the October Revolution, the leaders of the then Soviet government established their own armed forces-the Soviet Red Army. Soon after, some auxiliary security forces with special functions were established, such as the special service force named VCHK-VOKHR-VNUS and the armed escort force. In the following decades, due to security needs, the Soviet Union reformed the security forces. 1939, the Soviet People's Internal Affairs Committee made a major adjustment to the command and control system of the Soviet security forces, and divided the General Border and Homeland Security Command (GUPVV) into six parts according to its responsibilities: Border Guard Command (responsible for border security), Guard Command (responsible for prison management and transporting prisoners), Internal Security Command (responsible for defending national railway facilities) and Civil Defense Command (responsible for defending important factories and mines) before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. 1943, the Soviet Union established a completely independent Ministry of Internal Affairs, replacing the previous Internal Affairs Committee. Command all some internal security, and be responsible for protecting the security of the rear of the Soviet Red Army.

The responsibilities of internal security in peacetime and wartime are different. During the Soviet Civil War and the Great Patriotic War, they not only had to perform some special security tasks, but also participated in front-line battles. For example, in order to resist Nazi Germany's attack, Soviet internal security forces took part in the battles to defend Riga (the capital of Latvia), Tallinn (the capital of Estonia), Mogalov (the city along the Dnieper River in western Europe), Kiev (the capital of Ukraine), Odessa (the port city) and Tula (the city in western Soviet Union). In addition, internal security also participated in some large-scale battles, such as the battles of Moscow, Stalingrad, Caucasus and Kursk. During the Great Patriotic War, the number of troops directly engaged in front-line operations by internal security forces totaled 53 divisions and 20 brigades.

194 1 year, the internal security formed 15 infantry division, which was handed over to the Soviet national defense commission for command. These internal security forces fought bravely and made outstanding achievements, and were awarded many honors and titles by the Soviet government. Two of them were also incorporated into the ranks of the Soviet Guards, which is the highest honor of any combat unit. In 1942 alone, the Soviet internal security sent 75,000 combat troops to the Soviet army. 1943 The Internal Affairs Committee set up combat troops with independent command to safeguard the border security of the Soviet Union and maintain domestic stability. Later, this unit was organized into the 70th Army and participated in the Battle of Kursk. The 70th Army performed heroically in this crucial battle and won many victories. In particular, the 140 Infantry Division, with its tenacious spirit and excellent record, won five collective medals of honor issued by the Soviet government. In addition, the Soviet internal security also undertakes other important tasks, including: defending the rear security, cracking down on bandits, maintaining order in the liberated areas, ensuring the safety of railway transportation, defending important enterprises such as ordnance factories, escorting and guarding prisoners of war, etc.

In addition to frontal combat, Soviet internal security must also organize guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. For example, during August and September of 194 1, there are always several teams composed of 1000 soldiers fighting guerrilla warfare in the surrounding areas of Leningrad. By the beginning of 1942, guerrilla warfare in this area had increased by more than 300 soldiers. In addition to the soldiers themselves, they also mobilized the Soviet masses outside the enemy encirclement, aroused their revenge enthusiasm and expanded the mass confrontation movement. For each guerrilla, the Soviet National Defense Commission will appoint a political representative to lead it. In addition, the internal security also sent a well-trained reconnaissance team to the German rear. During the reconnaissance of the military situation, it caused some slight damage to the German army and caused riots.

A special task of Soviet internal security during the war was to fight against German radio communication. In order to accomplish this task, 1942, the Intelligence Bureau of the General Staff of the Soviet Workers' and Peasants' Red Army handed over its field intelligence units and some radio base stations to internal security. 194212 in February, the internal security forces set up several radio interference countermeasure battalions, which were specially used to destroy the radio communication in the German battlefield.

1943, the internal security received an order from the Soviet red army communication bureau 135 high-frequency wired communication company. The internal security headquarters reorganized it into 12 independent regiments and 4 independent battalions, with a total of 3 1 1,000 people. In order to facilitate the command, the Internal Security Command established the Government Communications Administration. After the establishment of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs, it took over the command of the Government Communications Administration.

During the entire Great Patriotic War, the contribution made by Soviet internal security was indelible. More than 300 internal security soldiers were awarded the title of Soviet hero, and 65,438+10,000 internal security soldiers sacrificed their lives for the final victory.

After the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet government drastically reduced the scale of internal security. From 1947 to 1948, the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs gradually handed over the command of internal security combat troops and special forces to the Soviet Ministry of National Security, but later returned the command to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. During this period, the task of internal security was almost the same as during the war, and it continued to participate in long-term and high-intensity combat operations. Their operational targets are mainly insurgents and various nationalists left behind by the Germans in the western Soviet Union. The battle to suppress the rebels is very fierce, with 1946 alone hitting more than 3,000 times this year. From 1946 to 1955, a total of 2,367 soldiers were killed in counter-insurgency operations and more than 4,000 people were injured.

After the military action to suppress the rebellion in the west was completed, the tasks of internal security were not less, but the nature of the tasks changed. For example, in 1970, internal security undertook many tasks, including protecting more than 300 highly sensitive and important facilities, guarding 1087 reform-through-labour prison, guarding 142 sanatorium, escorting criminals to reform-through-labour factories (there are 468 fixed escort routes and 4,522 reform-through-labour factories) and patrolling 50 cities throughout the Soviet Union. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Soviet internal security forces also took part in suppressing racial violence in Central Asia, Moldavia, the Caucasus and other "hot spots".

The internal security forces (IT) of the Russian Federation still undertake many tasks, but the main tasks are to protect national security and maintain social stability. Its core consists of three parts: combat troops, special forces and armed guards. IT combat troops mainly undertake some combat tasks, such as playing a key role in anti-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus. IT special forces have more cooperation with the Russian Ministry of Interior, which is mainly responsible for maintaining public security and legal order in big cities. In order to ensure public safety, they have to undertake extremely heavy patrol and security work. As for IT armed guards, their duty is to protect some important and sensitive infrastructures, such as large chemical enterprises, atomic energy centers, nuclear power plants and even icebreakers.

In addition, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of federal laws, the information technology unit of the Ministry of the Interior must perform the following functions. First, crack down on illegal armed groups and protect public order. Second, protect important state institutions and escort special items. Third, carry out border patrol and defense tasks with Russian border guards. In addition to these routine tasks, it has to undertake other tasks.

In 2005, according to the order signed by the Russian President, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs formulated a five-year development plan for internal security, aiming at improving command efficiency, enhancing the combat effectiveness of IT forces in southern Russia and ensuring the safety of important state institutions. At the same time, IT forces must also crack down on criminal activities in some big cities. In some cities, the population exceeds one million, the composition of residents is complex, and crime and gang activities are rampant, which brings great pressure to IT troops.

In order to meet the needs of counter-terrorism, the Government of the Russian Federation has signed several cooperation treaties with some countries, which have increased the military cooperation among the internal security forces of CIS countries, such as Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. At the same time, the Russian government has established similar cooperative relations with other countries, such as China, France, the United States, Chile and Britain. In autumn 2005, the internal security forces of the Russian Federation and CIS countries held a joint anti-terrorism military exercise in Smolensk (upper Dnieper River).

Compared with 2004, the large-scale tasks carried out by the internal security forces of the Russian Federation increased by one third in 2005. Together with other armed forces of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the internal security forces are responsible for the security during many major celebrations, including the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Great Patriotic War, the 0/000th anniversary celebration of the capital of Kazan/KLOC-0, the 750th anniversary celebration of the capital of Kaliningrad, the Max -2005 International Aerospace Technology Seminar, the international air show held in zhukov, and the "World War II Military" historical exhibition held in Magnino. In addition, he also participated in many combat missions, such as Vika anti-terrorism exercise, combating illegal immigrants and "Collotte 2005" military exercise.

In order to improve the combat capability of the troops, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has greatly improved the training facilities of the internal security forces and explored more effective training methods. A few days ago, the Ministry of Internal Affairs built a modern mountain combat training center on the basis of a combat unit stationed in the mountainous area of the North Caucasus. The center mainly trains some special mountain combat skills, such as climbing and reconnaissance. This is very helpful to improve the ability of Russian internal security forces to deal with emergencies in mountainous areas and enhance their combat effectiveness in mountainous areas. The internal security forces of the Russian Federation not only have to undertake a lot of daily security work, but also must be able to successfully solve some emergencies.

For the internal security forces of the Russian Federation, the most important task is to maintain security and stability in the North Caucasus. In order to be better qualified for this responsibility, the command system of combat troops must be reformed to improve its efficiency. According to the authorization of the federal government, after analyzing the existing command structure, the Ministry of Internal Affairs put forward a feasible plan, that is, to establish an Independent Operational Command (OCG), which will be fully responsible for the coordinated command of the combat troops in southern Russia and the management of military facilities, and directly under the command of the Russian Federation's Counter-Terrorism Committee. It is worth mentioning that OCG was established according to the requirements of the Internal Security Command. It is only a preliminary plan, and it will definitely be further reformed in the future.

Because the internal security forces have to perform various security and combat tasks in many completely different and complex environments, such as anti-terrorism operations in the mountainous areas of the North Caucasus, not only the command level of commanders and staff officers at all levels has been improved, but also the combat experience of soldiers has been increased. Few people doubt the ability of the federal internal security forces to carry out their tasks independently or cooperate with other security forces. Of all the tasks undertaken by the internal security forces, a considerable number are completed by special forces and armed guards. When defending the transportation safety of state institutions and important materials, it is necessary not only to resist various potential terrorist attacks, but also to prevent other illegal armed personnel from approaching.