General situation of Haitian economy

1. Haiti is located in the Caribbean, about 1, 200 kilometers away from the United States. The territory covers an area of 27,750 square kilometers, accounting for about one third of the whole island of Haiti. The climate belongs to tropical and semi-arid types, and drought and rainstorm appear alternately. Haiti gained its independence in 1804. The official languages are Correo and French. 2. Major city: Port-au-Prince with a population of 65,438+200,000; Cap Haitien, population 600,000. In 2003, the population was 7.92 million, of which 40% were under the age of 65-438+05, and two thirds were engaged in agriculture. The population growth rate is about 2%. The number of immigrants is relatively large, with about 1/6 Haitians emigrating abroad. The per capita GDP in 2000 was $555. According to the classification of the United Nations, Haiti belongs to a backward country. 80% of the rural population lives below the poverty line and the national unemployment rate is about 60%. 4. The main reasons for Haiti's economic backwardness are long-term political turmoil and the inability to effectively use domestic and international resources. In the long run, Haiti's economic prospects are very bleak due to political conflicts, limited administrative capacity of the government, low level of national education, lack of water and electricity, high production costs, high communication costs and serious shortage of infrastructure. Agriculture accounts for 45% of the labor force. Agricultural development is very scattered, and the output efficiency is very low, accounting for only about 29% of GDP. In addition, the unclear land ownership, the shortage of planting technology and the lack of drought and rain all restrict the development of agriculture. Except mango and banana, most other cash crops failed, with an average annual yield reduction of 1.5%. 6. The manufacturing and processing industry increased by 2% from 65438 to 0995 to 2000, and its contribution to GDP increased by 7 percentage points. The tertiary industry accounts for 63% of GDP, of which non-profit industries (government and non-governmental organizations) account for17%; Construction industry accounts for 13.3%. 7. The informal industry and handicraft industry are relatively active, and the employed population exceeds agriculture, absorbing 92% of the country's non-agricultural labor force, mainly women. 8. Haiti's foreign trade is very small. In 2000, exports accounted for 1 1.3% of GDP, while imports accounted for 27.3%. The speed of foreign trade liberalization and privatization of state-owned enterprises is in great contrast, which hinders Haiti's ability to participate in international competition. 9. Haiti used to be a big beneficiary of international aid, and its economic development and structural adjustment were totally dependent on foreign aid. According to statistics, 1995 international grants were 4 1 1 billion, 1996 293 million, 1997 22 1 billion and 1998 223 million respectively. 10, foreign aid is an important source of funds for the Haitian government. 1999 12% budget deficit was offset by international aid. In 2000, international support accounted for 5% of GDP, offsetting the current account deficit of 25%. 1 1. Since 1996, Haiti has implemented the policy of free floating of foreign exchange rate until 1999, and the Haitian currency maintains the exchange rate of 17 gourde 1 US dollar. Since then, Goode has been seriously devalued, and in August 2003, it fell to 1 USD 42 Goode. 12. In recent years, Haiti's economy has been increasingly dollarized. In July 2000, US dollar deposits accounted for 38% of total deposits, and 40% of commercial bank loans were in US dollars. This situation shows that the political and economic situation is unstable and the local currency is losing credibility. (2) Economic situation in recent years 1, Haiti's economy experienced a recession in the 1980s, from 1980 to 1, and the average annual growth rate of GDP was only 1%. The economic situation reflects the political instability. Six presidents were changed from 1988 to 199 1. 199 1 year, Haiti's economy plummeted due to the military coup and international sanctions. 2.1991-1994 The inflation rate rose from 12% to 5 1%, and the fiscal deficit rose from 1.37% to 3.3 1%. 3. 1994 With the restoration of democracy and the lifting of sanctions, the government has put forward economic policies of stabilizing the economy, liberalizing trade, reforming state-owned enterprises and decentralizing power. 1995 the international monetary fund signed an agreement with Haiti to confirm 20 million special drawing rights to support Haiti's economic recovery. 1996 signed a three-year investment plan to help Haiti accelerate its economic restructuring. 4. Haiti's economy grew at an average annual rate of 2.5% from 65438 to 0995-2000, mainly driven by construction, engineering and foreign trade exports. In the same period, the average growth rate of foreign trade exports reached 18%. After May and June, the political crisis, 1997, once again triggered a large reduction in international aid, while the sharp drop in coffee and cocoa prices led to a sharp drop in export earnings. 6. The budget reform carried out in recent years basically corrected the budget imbalance in the early 1990s, for which the International Monetary Fund provided technical and financial assistance. The purpose of budget reform is to reduce the central bank's monetary support for the government deficit, so as to avoid inflation, improve the treasury fund management system, strengthen the law enforcement ability of fiscal and taxation institutions, expand tax sources, and strive to achieve a comprehensive balance between revenue and expenditure. 7. According to the agreement of the International Monetary Fund, the starting point of Haiti's monetary policy is to control inflation, stabilize the foreign exchange rate, and maintain a reasonable ratio between the total amount of money and GDP. However, from 1988 to 2000, the prices of imported food and oil soared and the local currency plummeted, which led to the inflation rate climbing from 8.27% to 15.32%. 8. In order to promote the transformation of state-owned enterprises and reduce administrative intervention, Haiti set up a presidential commission for development and modernization from 65438 to 0994, but the results were not obvious, and the reform and privatization plans basically stagnated. (3) Trade status and investment 1. Since 1995, Haiti's total import and export trade accounts for about 30% of GDP every year. Compared with the openness of the market, this ratio is obviously too low. Moreover, imports are far greater than exports, and the average annual deficit accounts for about 17% of GDP. 2. From the perspective of export structure, the export of goods is greater than that of services, and the export of services has dropped from 4 1% to 34%. From 1995 to 2000, the export revenue of goods increased at an average annual rate of 17.6%, mainly from textiles, assembly and agricultural and sideline products (mangoes). Among them, the proportion of textile and assembly in the total export increased from 38% in 1995 to 76% in 2000, indicating that the tax policy to encourage exports began to take effect. 3. In the past five years, the import volume of Haiti has been increasing continuously, with an average annual increase of about 65,438+00%. Among them, grain and food imports accounted for 3 1%, finished products accounted for 28.5%, machinery and equipment accounted for 23%, and refined oil accounted for 25%. 90% of Haiti's exports go to the United States, 5% to the European Union and 4.2% to the Dominican Republic. The importing countries are the United States, 54%, Dominica, 1 1%, and the European Union, 9%. 4.65438-0995-2000, the average annual growth rate of social investment in Haiti was about 2.5%, of which private investment accounted for 52%, and the development was relatively stable; Secondly, public investment has increased rapidly, mainly for infrastructure construction; The proportion of foreign direct investment is relatively small, 1997 is $4 million; 1998 is17600 USD; 1.999,3001.000 USD; In 2000, it was13.2 million USD. Foreign investment is mainly concentrated in the fields of communication, trade, petroleum, banking and processing and assembly. Investment companies include Texaco, Esso, Citigroup, Shell and Elf of the European Union. (IV) Development Prospects The future development goal of Haiti's economy is to reduce poverty, achieve an average annual GDP growth of 4%, and reduce the unemployment rate (from 60% to 45%). Achieving the above goals mainly depends on two conditions, one is the continuous improvement of the domestic political and economic environment, and the other is the continuous increase of domestic and foreign investment. Therefore, the government should strictly control the inflation rate (not exceeding 10%), maintain monetary stability, persist in reducing the fiscal deficit, and strive not to exceed 1% of GDP. At the same time, expand tax sources, improve the quality of tax collection and management, and gradually realize the modern management of customs and taxation. {Geography of Haiti} Haiti is located at the mouth of the Panama Canal in the north, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the Andean Sea in the south. It covers an area of 27,750 square kilometers, similar to Belgium (305 13 square kilometers), Maryland (27,394 square kilometers) and Israel (20,700 square kilometers). By air, it takes 1 hour 40 minutes to arrive in Miami, USA, 3 hours to arrive in Montreal, Canada and1hour to arrive in Paris, France. Haiti's population is relatively young. The population under the age of 25 accounts for 60% of China's total population of 7.34 million. 95% of the population is African-American and 5% is European. Creole and French are the official languages of Haiti, but only a few people speak French. In 2003, the population of Haiti was 8 million, 40% of whom were between 65 and 438 years old, and two thirds of them worked in agriculture. The population growth rate is about 2%. The number of immigrants is relatively large, about 1/6 Haitians emigrate abroad (mainly from the United States, France and neighboring countries). {Overview of Haitian Customs} Haitians are descendants of Benin and other countries in West Africa and have the characteristics of African blacks. Hospitality, care about your reputation. Although Haiti gained independence in 1804, they are not exclusive and foreigners can easily get close to them. {Overview of Climate in Haiti} Haiti has a diverse climate. The coastal area is hot, and the average temperature in the plateau area is 15 degrees Celsius. The national average temperature is 24-27 degrees Celsius. There are two seasons in a year in Haiti: it is hot from March to 165438+ 10, and it is cool from February to February. Different climates provide favorable conditions for the growth of plants. Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, has a population of 65,438+200,000. There are foreign trade ports and national airports. {Overview of Major Cities in Haiti} Besides the capital Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitien is the second largest city with a population of 600,000. There are foreign trade ports and international airports. And Jacques Mailer, Saint Mark, Gonaives, Anxi, Jeremie.