Is Courage a Sovereign State? Where is the capital?

As of February 20 19, it is not a sovereign country, but belongs to Laojie, the capital of Kokang Autonomous Region in northern Shan State, Myanmar.

Kokang was once a minority area in the southwest of China, and a large number of Han Chinese were persecuted by the Manchu government and poured into Yunnan Province. /kloc-In the 8th century, a descendant of a Han immigrant became a local power in Kegan Mountain, and was later named the hereditary Kokang County, loyal to China.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, it was boldly merged into British Myanmar and became a local county with Han people as the main body in Myanmar. 1959 After the abolition of the toast system, Myanmar resolutely fell into long-term turmoil.

Extended data

Introduction to the history of Kokang area:

The Kokang area of Myanmar borders on Zhenkang and Gengma counties in Lincang area of Yunnan Province, China. This area belonged to the territory of Yunnan, China, until the Supplementary Provisions of the Treaty on the Continuation of Border Affairs between Yunnan and Myanmar was signed by China and Britain in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897). Courage is also called Maliba.

There are two opinions about the origin of the name "Kokang": "Kokang" is a new name quoted by British colonial rulers around the Second World War, and its English name is "Kokang", which is transliteration from Kegan Mountain; The word "bold" comes from the sound change of Shan language, "fruit" is the ninth in Shan language, and "bold" is the hukou, indicating that this area is composed of nine families.

Before the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Kokang area was deserted, inhabited by only a few "old gourd people", with dense virgin forests and poisonous snakes and wild animals everywhere. In the 15th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1658), Zhu Youlang, Emperor of Nanming, fled to Myanmar. Under the attack and encirclement of Burmese army and Qing king Wu Sangui, some of his followers and soldiers fled to the depths of Kegan Mountain to take refuge.

In the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), the border people of China moved to Kegan area on foot to make a living, or formed tribes according to their native place or nationality, which were independent and not subordinate to each other. Yang, Han nationality, born in Dashiban, Liushuwan, Shangyuan County, Yingtianfu, Nanjing, moved to Dali in the late Ming Dynasty, married the daughter of a merchant in Shunning (Fengqing) and gave birth. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, they moved to Kegan to settle down and set foot in Huozhai, belonging to the "Xingdahu" tribe. The "Xingdahu" tribe is the fastest growing of all tribes, and its power has gradually increased, making it a base for bold development.

1730, Yang Yan, the son of Yang Ying, was elected as the leader. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong (1758), Yang Youcai died and his eldest son, Yang Jiwei, succeeded him. At this time, his jurisdiction has exceeded three times that of Xingda Lake. Sixty years after Qianlong (1795), Yang Yougen, the eldest son of Yang Weixing, was the stepfather, and Yang Youpan, the second son, was the assistant minister. With the expansion of jurisdiction, surrounding tribes have demanded protection, and Yang Yougen is about to change "Xingda Tiger" to "Courage".

In the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), when Yang Guohua, the son of Yang Yougen, attacked Yunnan, the governor of Yunnan read that he had made contributions to defending the frontier defense, and named Yang Guohua as a "hereditary county magistrate for being brave" and issued a seal. ? In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), his son Chunrong Yang ascended the throne. At this time, he boldly ruled the territory, east to Jianshanzhai, south to Rolling, west to Mengmercury Changqingshan, and north to Mutai and Hongyan.

Since the early Qing Dynasty, the Han nationality in Kokang area has gradually increased. Yang eventually became a local power, and adopted the practice of neighboring chieftains to rule other local ethnic minorities. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yang exercised his functions and powers in the name of "conferring a doctor". During the Daoguang period, Yang was officially awarded the title of "hereditary Kokang county magistrate", thus gaining the legal sovereignty of the Han Tusi, and the independence of the Kokang area was thus formed. The original Zhenkangdai Tusi did not give up the territory of Zhili, and actually could not control the heroic and newly rising Yang Tusi of the Han nationality.

1885 After the Third British-Burmese War, the King of Tin Robe in Myanmar was exiled to the west coast of India by British imperialists. In June, 5438+the following year 10, Myanmar became a British colony, and was later transferred to a province of India. 1887, the British army went north to Mubang (Dunn), and Mubang Tusi surrendered to Britain. Britain and the white areas in northern Myanmar are under its jurisdiction. Under its jurisdiction, there are 48 Maozha (small chiefs), covering almost the whole northern Shan State.

"Mu Bangzhi" also contains courage. Although Britain appointed Kokang Tusi as "hereditary Kokang Instructor", Kokang Tusi still insisted on his independence. 1890, the British army advanced into Wawa Mountain, entered the border of Kokang and secret agents, and planned to advance to Zhenkang and Gengma in an attempt to occupy the border territory of China. British colonists used the good relationship between Mubang toast and Kokang toast to instigate Mubang toast to win Kokang toast and invest in Britain.

In the Commercial Clause of Sino-British Continuation of Border Affairs between Yunnan and Myanmar signed in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Kokang and Beidan were listed as China. After the Qing government in China ceded Wu Meng and Ude to France, Britain used the breach of contract by the Qing government as an excuse to force the Qing government to reconsider the border clause. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), China and Britain reconsidered and signed the Supplementary Provisions of the China-Myanmar Treaty in Beijing, which incorporated Kokang and Northern Danny into the territory of British Myanmar.

At this point, Kokang, which belonged to Zhenkang, Yunnan Province, China and was once independent and autonomous in the late Qing Dynasty, officially became a part of British Burma. Courageous people of all ethnic groups, mainly Han nationality, have the same customs and culture as Zhenkang and become British Burmese nationals. ?

1948 65438+1October 4th, Myanmar gained independence, and Kokang Tusi Yang Caizhen was elected as the first member of Myanmar's upper house and Minister of Finance of Shan State, and Yang Zhensheng was appointed as a member of the lower house of Kokang area. In the first Congress of Myanmar, Yang Er proposed a motion that "Courage is Myanmar's territory, and the courageous people should enjoy Myanmar's legitimate rights and interests". The bill was passed by the National Assembly and enshrined in the Myanmar Constitution. 1February, 962, China and Myanmar demarcated and boldly incorporated into the territory of Myanmar.

1966, boldly entered the most turbulent era in its history, and the anti-government armed forces increased day by day. From 65438 to 0965, Yang, who was defeated by the government forces and fled to Thailand, led his troops back to Kokang to unite with the Burmese government. With 150 pro-government armed men, Yang and Peng were surrounded by government forces. As a result, courage gradually formed a separatist situation.

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Baidu Encyclopedia-History of Courage