What kind of suffering did the 100,000 royal families in the Ming Dynasty suffer when their country was destroyed?

Ming Taizu decided to establish a system in the Central Plains, hoping that the emperor would be the mainstay, and the imperial clan of princes would be the screen of branches and leaves, so as to * * * defend his Ming Dynasty for thousands of years. I don't want to. Just after his death, Judy, the prince of Yan, launched the battle of Jingnan. Branches and leaves crushed the trunk, re-established the chapter and organizational system, and imposed heavy restrictions on the imperial clan of the vassal king. They are no longer allowed to be in charge of the army, nor are they allowed to participate in politics, so that they can only eat and drink all day.

The so-called spreading branches and spreading leaves is by no means empty talk. Zhu Yuanzhang is very picky about his descendants. He has eight grades of Zongjue, namely:

Prince, County King, Town General, Auxiliary General, General Guo Feng, Town Lieutenant, Auxiliary Lieutenant, Guo Feng Lieutenant.

Except for the prince, the son of the emperor sealed the prince, and the son of the prince sealed the county king. Except for the prince, the official officer attacked the prince, and the other sons were all surrendered. Of course, the system of sealing Hou became more and more complicated in the late Ming Dynasty, and even bribes were needed to get him a place in the list. Some neglected children of Ming imperial families even lost their beards and had no names. ...

Judy Jingnan in TV series

Amin writer Wang Shizhen recorded in detail the "grand occasion" of the Ming imperial clan during the Wanli period:

(Under the article "The Prosperity of the vassal States") Today, there are 24 big countries (Editor's Note: the vassal States), all of which are prosperous times! No matter after the Tang Dynasty, there are only a few leaves left in Hanzhong, which is better than my Ming Dynasty.

(Belonging to the "royal family") * * There are 25 1 person of county kings, 7 100 people of generals of towns, auxiliary countries and service countries, 895 1 person of lieutenants of towns, auxiliary countries and service countries, and 7,773 people of monarchs, infantas and * *. Anonymous, indifferent to the high walls of the Qi government. For more than 20 years, its beauty is not billions, unprecedented. Yu zai!

Among them, the unnamed ones, as mentioned above, have no white beard name and can only exist in this world under the code name "Twenty-eight sons of a county king". Not counting them, there are more than 20 thousand men and women.

Does it look much? You know, this was produced by the imperial clan of 58 princes during the Hongwu period. See the table below for specific figures:

The table is taken from Zhi Fucheng: Rapid Growth of Imperial Clan Population in Ming Dynasty and Control Measures, academic journal of zhongzhou No.4, 1990.

Although Wang Shizhen lamented that the scale of vassal states and imperial families was a "great event" in the Grand Ceremony of Ming Taizu, he also kept some interesting records:

King Qingcheng gave birth to a hundred children, all of whom grew up. Except claiming to be the eldest son, the other 99 people were appointed as town generals. At every meeting, Yuzi is full and can't get to know each other, but everyone is good at it, which is very different.

It's a great fighter to have a son born like this.

But please rest assured that it doesn't matter if the imperial clan doesn't admit it by itself or the court doesn't admit it. When the Ming Dynasty will perish, someone will help to identify it.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Zhang and Luo Rucai attacked Xiangyang, Wang was captured alive, and the Xicheng Building in Xiangyang was killed. Zhang sent 500 thousand silver to help the hungry.

In the 14th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng attacked Luoyang, captured Zhu, who was hard to give up his fortune, and beheaded him. As for the so-called dismembering of his body and cooking venison, combined with the epitaph and Ming History written by Hong Guang, the Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, the body of the Axe King was allowed to be buried in a thin coffin, which should be "Fulu wine" made by some forces in order to vilify Li Zicheng.

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Zhang Bing forced Wuchang, and Huguang Wenwu Baiguan begged Zhu Huakui to borrow money to pay his salary. Zhu Huakui also refused, and took out a gold medal presented by Ming Taizu, saying:

This can help the army. He has nothing!

When the city was broken, Zhu Huakui drowned in the river. Zhang copied two million gold and silver from the Chu Palace and carried hundreds of cars.

The Ming Army of Sun Chuanting who rebelled against Li Zicheng in the movie Daming Robbery.

The above are some typical reports that gave their lives for wealth, and there are also reliable reports. For example, Zhu Wang of the Tang Dynasty, the Qing army entered the customs in the ninth year of Chongzhen, and Zhu Sancai recruited thousands of soldiers from Nanyang fief to fight against him. Before meeting the Qing army, Emperor Chongzhen ordered him to retreat, and later Zhu was abolished and sealed in Fengyang high wall.

In addition, Zhou Wang paid 502,000 yuan from the government to help defend Kaifeng, but in the end he fled San Francisco because of the Yellow River irrigation and took refuge in Zhangde.

Of course, this is the unyielding part. Although he is a dragon and grandson of the phoenix, he is also afraid of death and will surrender to the "hooligans".

In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng, Luo Rucai, Ke Runing, Ming Wang Chong Zhu Youzun and his younger brother, Heyang Wang Zhuyoucai and Prince Zhu Cihui surrendered, and Zhu Youzun was named Xiangyang Bo. Soon, he was executed with his family in Biyang, Henan Province, and he still died.

Of course, all this was before Li Zicheng swept the world and established a new dynasty. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, when Li Zicheng invaded Beijing from Shanshan and launched a final blow to the Ming Dynasty, his strategy changed. For example, Zhu Cunji, the Ming emperor, surrendered in Chongzhen for sixteen years without being killed, and the King of Jin also surrendered in Taiyuan to avoid death. They are the benchmark figures of the new dynasty. As for the ordinary imperial clan kings, they are not so lucky.

Wu Luqiao records:

Later, the thief Han Wenquan arrested more than 400 people from the Golden Clan and sent them to Xi 'an, where they were killed. The rebel Chen Yongfu is in Taiyuan. He was afraid that someone would be searched behind closed doors, and more than 1000 people were killed. He killed Haiziyan, which means killing sheep.

In Datong, it is a feudal fief representing the king. He paid money to help defend the city on behalf of King Zhu Chuan. The city can't be broken, and he was killed with Prince yi zhu. Datong company commanders ginger embedded wrote:

The surname of Yun (now Datong, Shanxi) is about 4,000, and the thief has been entrenched for six days, and the slaughter will be exhausted. ...

In other words, more than 4,000 children of the royal family below the king's generation were killed. As for the children of the kings of Pingyang and Fenyang, even the broken city was killed. Among them, there is a series of Qingcheng King, which is the above-mentioned "Life of an Hundred Children".

For Chongzhen's son, Li Zicheng did not kill him, but took him with him in the army like the King of Qin and the King of Jin.

The dying Emperor Chongzhen in the TV series "Jiangshan Storm"

In fact, with the economic privilege and greed for wealth of the captaincy of the Ming Dynasty, it is understandable that insurgents like Li Zicheng retaliated and massacred. After all, there is public anger, military anger and robbery. The Qing Dynasty said, "This dynasty was taken from bandits, not from the Ming Dynasty, but to avenge your father and your father. Since ancient times, the world has been the first, and there is no such thing. " It's really wicked to treat the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty for repeatedly breaking promises and being fattened.

According to Zhao's article "Qing soldiers entering the customs and Ming imperial clan", from the third year of Shunzhi to the eighth year of Shunzhi, there were more than 50 Ming imperial clan with names, and their families were punished no matter how long. Based on this calculation, the total should be more than 10 thousand.

Of course, this can also be understood as a suppression of the rebels, because these 50-odd people belong to the "Tartars" who once built their name against the Qing Dynasty. What about the treatment of "obedient"?

In the first year of Shunzhi, Zhao Xuan was as follows:

The imperial clan of the former dynasty advocated surrender, first came to surrender, went to Beijing to appear before the court, and still supported Lu to show the rise and fall of the court.

Only one month later, Zhu Cilang, the prince of Emperor Chongzhen, mistakenly thought it was true and sneaked back to his grandfather's house in Jiading, and was reported by his next of kin two days later.

At first, the Qing court was appraised by ten attendants. As a result, "when ten people saw Qi, they all knelt down and said, this is the true prince." At this point, there should be no doubt about the authenticity of the prince. Unexpectedly, the Qing court pulled Yuan Guifei, who had committed suicide when Li Zicheng entered Beijing, out to identify the prince. As a result, when it is true, it is false.

Qian Fenglan, a minister of punishments, Zhao, an imperial envoy of Henan Road, and other civil servants criticized the Qing court for being shameless, but they were imprisoned and executed together with the true prince.

Not only that, the Qing court did not hesitate to kill the relatives who had already "voted for Shun first". For example, in May of the third year of Shunzhi, eleven people, including Lu Wang, Wang Jing and Wang Shizi, were executed under the pretext of "private sealing"; In the fifth year of Shunzhi, the captured (Hong Guang) was killed together with the surrendered King of Zhou, King of Jin and King of Germany. (See Shi Lu in Qing Dynasty and Shi Zu Shi Lu).

When people were killed and surrendered in Beijing, local authorities also stepped up their raids. In April of the fourth year of Shunzhi, Lou Xingbo, Shanxi's deputy envoy in charge of the provincial judges, abandoned the city for the crime of "neglecting the Ming dynasty." ...

Since then, "the aristocrats have moved to exile and changed their surnames."

It was not until the fourth year of Kangxi that the regime was relatively stable that the whole country was informed:

For example, the clan in Zhu Ming changed its name to hide the escapees, and everyone was ordered to return to their hometown, so that they could stay physically safe and not remain suspicious.

But "Prince Zhu San" and "Prince Zhu Si" in Chongzhen were killed by mistake.

For example, in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, Zhu Cihuan, the fourth son of Chongzhen, was arrested in Wenshang County, Shandong Province at the age of seventy-five.

Zhu Cihuan in TV series, of course, was tried in Hangzhou in history, so it is impossible to see Kangxi asking questions.

After fleeing from Beijing, he was adopted by Qian Xing and renamed Shiyuan Wang. Later, he moved to Zhejiang and Shandong to teach private schools for a living.

When he was arrested and tried, Zhu Cihuan confessed his identity and said:

I am seventy-five years old, my blood gas has dropped and my hair has turned white. Now is not the time to rebel against San Francisco, but the day when Qingning has nothing to do? What's more, the so-called rebels will occupy the city, accumulate grass and grain, recruit soldiers and build military equipment. Have I ever had this problem?

When the Qing court concluded the case, he was found to be false, and Zhu Cihuan was beheaded along with his third son and grandson. Six wives and daughters in their hometown committed suicide when they heard the news.

Look at the reason of "sage" Kangxi again: "Although Zhu has no intention of rebellion, he has no intention of rebellion." Note that he also recognized this person as Zhu, not Wang.

Of course, the Qing court's handling of the Ming imperial clan is not surprising to many people today. The folk have their own saying that "mowing grass should be rooted out", and they lie about the name of traditional culture, but they are self-righteous.

In ancient China, there has always been a ritual system of "three queens and two queens", which belongs to one of the "guest gifts", that is, the descendants of the first two generations were named "two queens" and the descendants of the first three generations were named "three queens".

Most of these descendants of the former dynasty were chartered to wear the clothes of the former dynasty and worship in the ancestral temple of the former dynasty. This political tradition lasted from the Western Han Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, and even the Five Dynasties' troubled times were not abandoned.

According to legend, Cao Pi accepted the surrender of Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty.

For example, after Cao Wei replaced the Han Dynasty, Wei Wendi named Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty as Shanyanggong, went to the inn and made Zhuolu its capital (in the northeast of Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). If he does not submit and is not worshipped by the imperial edict, he can still worship the ancestral temple with etiquette, which is the first day of the Han Dynasty. After Liu Kang, the grandson of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Yang Shan crossed Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasty until the end of Yongjia Rebellion.

What is even more amazing is that Cao Huan, the last emperor of Cao Wei, was named Chen Liuwang by Jin Wudi, and was still named "Yuan Di" after his death at the age of 58. His descendants of Cao Feudal surname spread to the Southern Dynasties, and spread to the whole country in 2 14.

The descendants of the Sui Dynasty crossed the dynasties the most. In the early Tang Dynasty, Yang Di's grandson, You Yang, was abolished as lord protector, riding a bike and wearing a unified seal in the new moon of the Sui Dynasty. After that, it crossed the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zhou, Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty and Later Han Dynasty, and became one of the "Three Empresses".

Even the Jin Dynasty established by Jurchen and the Zuoyou Emperor of Liao Dynasty were named Yu Wang, King of Tianshui County, Duke of Tianshui County, and together with Yu, they were called three families.

This rule was very bad in the Yuan Dynasty, when Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu named Song Gongdi "King Won" and let him live in the metropolis and the capital. Later, he moved to the Tibetan Sakya Temple in Wu Si (now Sakya County, Tibet) and became a monk. He translated Buddhist scriptures "One Hundred Ways of Enlightenment" and "On the Meaning of Enlightenment" and died in Ganzhou (Zhangye, Gansu).

If we only take "Li" as an example, it seems understandable that there is no China after Cliff Mountain and no China after Ming Dynasty. Even the courtesy and tolerance of the former royal family are gone, leaving only trivial "weeding out the roots." Is this the real China?