French immigrants in Taiwan Province province.

Taiwan Province Province is located on the continental shelf in the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, and it is located in the treasure island of Taiwan Province Province with the north latitude of118 ′ 03 ″ to124 34 ′ 30 ″ and 20 45 ′.

25 inches to 25 56' 30 inches. It covers an area of 36,000 square kilometers, including Taiwan Province Island (with an area of 35,800 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Pengjiayu and chiwei yu. In terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province Province * * * originally administered five provincial cities, namely Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi and Tainan, as well as Taipei, Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien and Penghu. Later, in 1967, the Taiwan Province provincial authorities designated Taibei as the city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan. Later, 1979, Kaohsiung became a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan. In addition, there is a so-called "Fujian Provincial Government" which governs Jinmen and Lianjiang (Mazu) counties.

The origin of the name

According to well-documented historical data, the name "Taiwan Province Province" has only appeared for more than 300 years. However, historical records prove that people on both sides of the strait have long called Taiwan Province a treasure island, and there are nearly ten names for Taiwan Province Province in history. However, the different names reflect the concern and expectation of the Chinese nation for the Treasure Island in Taiwan Province Province. When the state machine appeared in ancient China, China was divided into Kyushu administration, which was recorded in Shang Yu Shu Gong Pian, one of the earliest history books in China. Yangzhou in Kyushu governs the Huaihe River in the north and the sea in the east. In the book, "Yi Fu" refers to Taiwan Province Province. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1642), Gao Gonggan specialized in the local records of Taiwan Province Province, indicating that Yangzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties included Taiwan Province Province. Japanese scholar Ozaki Hideki also thinks that "Shimayi" is the earliest name of Taiwan Province Province. "Island Yi" is the first name in Taiwan Province Province. People's understanding of the ocean has gradually increased, and people who come out of the water have begun to use the sea for people. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the maritime traffic was developed, so there were many legends about the sea. Among them, the legend that alchemist Xu Fu sought immortality medicine for Qin Shihuang has been passed down to this day. The three sacred mountains mentioned in Xu Fu's book recorded in Historical Records are Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou. Later generations thought Yingzhou was Taiwan Province Province. Chui fook didn't come back, but there were more and more cross-strait exchanges in later years. As a special historical geography book, Taiwan Province Province is recorded in the Book of the First Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, records about Taiwan Province Province began to increase. There is such a record in Geography before Han Dynasty: there are "Dongpu people" in Huiji overseas, who are divided into more than 20 countries and "come to see them at the age of 20". Later, many scholars thought that "Dongpu" should refer to Taiwan Province Province. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Taiwan Province Province is divided into three parts, namely Dongtai Bay Province, Yizhou in Central Taiwan Province Province and Yizhou in South Taiwan Province Province. On the map of Taiwan drawn by Dutch Lins Gordon 300 years ago, Taiwan Province Province was also divided into three islands. Dividing Taiwan Province Province into three parts shows that we have a deeper understanding of Taiwan Province Province. The situation in Taiwan Province Province was directly described during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Dongwu was located in the south of the Yangtze River, and its jurisdiction included Huiji and the southeast coastal areas. Soochow has close relations with overseas countries. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" mentioned that in the second year of Sun Quan's Huanglong (230), he sent troops to the sea for an expedition to Yizhou. Many scholars believe that Yizhou is Taiwan Province Province. Shen, the magistrate of Linhai County, Soochow, the Three Kingdoms, is the earliest Taiwan Province provincial scholar. In his Coastal Soil and Water Records, there is a special record of Taiwan Province Province, which was called Yizhou at that time, but this book has been lost, and its main content is recorded in Taiping Magnolia. Judging from the contents of the records, this is the most complete written information about Taiwan Province Province at that time. Of course, some people say that Yizhou is a place in Guangdong or Hainan at this time, but from the aspects of location, climate, topography, historical sites, products and customs, it should refer to Taiwan Province Province. Through "Coastal Soil and Water Records", many mainlanders who are far away from the Taiwan Province Strait know the specific situation of Taiwan Province Province, which is limited but extremely rare. The ambitious Emperor Yang Di did not have many achievements to boast about during his reign, but he had a special preference for wars at home and abroad. Of course, he also fought against Taiwan Province Province, and Taiwan Province Province has long been concerned by previous generations. According to the biography of Sui Shu Dongyi, Yang Di made an expedition to Ryukyu and Autumn in the 6th year of Daye (6 10). Where is Ryukyu? It has always been controversial. But most scholars believe that Ryukyu is Taiwan Province Province, not Ryukyu. Anyway, the Sui Dynasty knew a lot about Taiwan Province Province. It is clearly recorded in Biography of Foreign Countries in the History of Song Dynasty that there is an island called Penghu in the east of Quanzhou, facing the fireworks. There are similar records in Zhao's Zhufanzhi, but the content is not detailed. Many people have studied the name of Taiwan Province Province. Lien Chan, a famous political figure in Taiwan Province Province, was born in a local family, and his grandfather was a famous historian Lian Heng. Lian Heng said in his masterpiece "General History of Taiwan Province Province", "Taiwan Province Province was originally named" Buried Fei "and was named by Zhang Quan people." Because the Minnan people in the Ming Dynasty went through all kinds of hardships to reach Taiwan Province Province, many people died of acclimatization, fatigue and hardship, and even their bones could not be transported back to their hometown after death. "Therefore, it was named' unfair burial'." Because "burying grievances" is unlucky, and "burying grievances" is homophonic with "Taiwan Province Province" in Minnan dialect, it was renamed as "Taiwan Province Province". This analysis makes sense, because immigrants do have unforgettable painful experiences. But Mr Lian Heng's conclusion is far-fetched, because there are many homophones. Why use "Taiwan Province Province" instead of "burying wrongs"? "Burying false and wrong cases" is unlucky, but where is "Taiwan Province Province" auspicious? This is not the origin of the name "Taiwan Province Province". Tainan is the earliest developed area in Taiwan Province Province, so the name of Taiwan Province Province comes from the name of Tainan. The Laiya people who originally lived in Tainan were called "Taiyan" or "Tai 'an" when introducing Taiwan Province Province, while the Dutch spelled it "Tai 'an" and the mainland immigrants pronounced it "Tai 'an". Therefore, due to different pronunciations, it is called "Taiwan official", "big official", "big circle", "big bay" and "big injustice" in Tainan area. Later, it was changed from "Taiwanese" in Minnan dialect to "Taiwan Province Province", and the referred area also expanded from Tainan to the whole Taiwan Province Province. From the Ming Dynasty, the name "Taiwan Province Province" became popular. In The Journey to the West written by Zhou Ying, a Fujian native in the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan Province Province was called "Taiwan official". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573 to 16 19), "Taiwan Province Province" appeared in the official documents of the imperial court. Zhang Mei's book "Win-Win Bai Yong" in Qing Dynasty pointed out: Zhou Ying called Taiwan Province Province "an Taiwan Province native", "This is a mistake caused by Minnan dialect, and the name of Taiwan Province Province entered China from then on." The name "Taiwan Province Province" comes from this and should be more objective. [ 1]

Historical summary

After the prosperity of feudal society, there were frequent contacts between dynasties in the Central Plains and Taiwan Province Province. The invention of papermaking by China people greatly promoted the spread of human culture, and of course recorded the hardships and sacrifices of Chinese sons and daughters in developing Taiwan Province Province, building Taiwan Province Province and defending Taiwan Province Province, as well as the historical facts of cross-strait exchanges. The first expedition to Taiwan Province Province took place in 230 AD. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the monarch of Wu, sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge to Taiwan Province Province, which they called Yizhou. This is the first time that the China Dynasty contacted Taiwan Province Province. Their trip to Taiwan Province Province lasted for one year. In the end, due to the epidemic of diseases and acclimatization, nine times out of ten officers and men were killed or injured, and finally they returned to the mainland with thousands of residents from Taiwan Province Province. In fact, this kind of military expedition is not killing people and stealing goods, but a common means for feudal dynasties to establish and consolidate the scope of their rule. The Taiwan Province people brought back introduced a lot about Taiwan Province. Decades later, Kuloko Shen, the prefect of Linhai County of Wu State, wrote the Land and Water Records of Linhai from 264 to 280 A.D. based on the introduction of Wu officers and soldiers who returned from Taiwan Province Province and residents of Taiwan Province Province (see Taiping Fishing Guide, Volume 780). He called this piece of land on the sea "Yizhou is in the southeast of Linhai, two thousand miles to the county. There is no snow and frost on the earth, and the vegetation is immortal. It is surrounded by mountains, and all the mountains are inhabited. There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain. The barbarians are kings, and the land and people are divided, but they are different. " "This land is very fertile, producing both grain and fish." It also introduces local products, people, customs, tools and historical sites. Among them, "There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain", which proves that Taiwan Province Province was the territory of the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The description in the book gives people an image of Taiwan Province Province at that time: Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where the local climate is hot, there is no frost and snow, the vegetation is evergreen all year round, the land is fertile, coarse cereals, fish production, fine fabrics and copper and iron smelting. In order to preserve food in a hot climate, residents preserved fish in large pottery pots, not only as their own food, but also for entertaining guests. Parents have the final say when men and women get married, and girls have to knock out their front teeth after marriage. Residents are divided into different tribes, and each tribe has its own land and leader. The leader called the people together and beat the hollowed-out wood with a wooden stick. The sound can travel four or five miles, and the residents came after hearing it. In the war, the enemy's head was cut off and hung on the big wooden pestle in the courtyard, and it was not taken off for several years to show its meritorious service. This is the first time in the world that the customs of Taiwan Province Province have been completely recorded, so that people in the Central Plains have a definite and clear understanding of Taiwan Province Province. During the Sui Dynasty, Yang Di sent Yu Zhukuan, a feather rider, and He Man, a sailor, to Taiwan Province Province, which was then called "Liu Qiu". Because of the language barrier, he brought back a native of Taiwan Province Province for the first time and some cloth armour for the second time. In the sixth year of the Great Cause (6 10), Yang Di sent Wu Benlang and more than 10,000 soldiers to set sail from Yi 'an (Chaozhou) in Guangdong Province for Taiwan Province Province. The local people thought it was a merchant ship in the Central Plains, indicating that mainland businessmen often went to do business at that time, and people in Taiwan Province Province were already familiar with commercial trade. It's just that Chen Ling's negotiations with local chiefs were not smooth and tense. She returned to the mainland with thousands of local residents. In Changhua City, central Taiwan Province Province, there is a street named "Chen Leng Street" to commemorate this Sui Dynasty general. After the long evolution from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan Province Province gradually increased. In the Song Dynasty, there were more exchanges and economic activities. For the convenience of management, it is the first time in the history of the development of Taiwan Province Province to set up a management organization in Taiwan and Penghu and bring Penghu into the territory of Jinjiang County, Fujian Province. Taiwan Province and Pengzhou were formally incorporated into the territory of the Song Dynasty. Although dynasties and emperors changed in the next thousand years, the ownership of Taiwan Province Province never changed. The Yuan Dynasty was the first time that ethnic minorities in China controlled the Central Plains. After the Yuan Dynasty took control of the Central Plains, it was customary to March into the unknown. So, in the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129 1), 10, Yang Xiang, the deputy general manager of seagoing vessels, was sent as a propaganda envoy, leading more than 6,000 people to March into Taiwan Province Province, together with Wu, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and Ruan Jian, an official of the Ministry of War. Because of the language barrier and lack of navigation knowledge, they returned in vain. By AD 1335, the Yuan Dynasty formally established the "Inspection Department" in Penghu. Inspection department, the level is not high, belonging to nine categories. "Professional patrol, special arrest", catching criminals and setting up saltworks, but this is the first time the central government has sent administrative law enforcement agencies to Taiwan Province and Pengzhou. Since then, the central dynasty began to send personnel to manage the Taipeng area. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a traveler named Wang Dayuan. He traveled to many places, traveled to Taiwan Province Province and Penghu by merchant ship during Zheng Zheng's time, and then wrote A Brief Introduction to Taiwan Province Island. Taiwan Province Province said in the book: "The terrain is dome-shaped, surrounded by trees, and the soil is fertile and fertile, which is suitable for farming. Climate warming, real estate placer gold, millet, sulfur, yellow wax, deer and leopard ... overseas countries, the cover starts here. " From people's travel to Taiwan Province Province and cross-strait business activities, we can see that there were many exchanges between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland at that time, which had become complementary economic activities and daily social exchanges. Zheng Chenggong

The maritime ban policy of the Ming Dynasty led to the prevalence of pirates along the southeast coast. In order to protect the coastal areas from pirates, the Ming court stationed troops in Keelung and Danshui Port to prevent pirates from harassing the southeast coastal areas based in Ethereum. This is the first time that the central government has stationed troops on the island to defend coastal defense. There is a special product "Three Treasures of Ginger" in Fengshan, Kaohsiung, which was left by Zheng He when he arrived in Taiwan Province Province in the Ming Dynasty. This is the first large caravan that the Central Plains arrived in Taiwan Province Province. In order to defend Taiwan Province Province, Zheng Chenggong carried out major military activities such as recovering Taiwan Province Province and unifying Taiwan Province Province by Kangxi in his later years. 1683, after the Qing government unified Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province formally established the Taiwan Government, which governed Taiwan Province Province, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Taiwan Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, and later changed to 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls. The Qing government established a complete set of ruling organizations and systems in Taiwan Province Province to carry out effective management. Since the western colonialists invaded to the east, the United States, Japan, France and other powers have successively carried out military provocations in Taiwan Province Province, which has aggravated the territorial crisis in the border areas of China. In this case, the attitude and way of the upper level of the Qing government on how to govern Taiwan Province Province began to change, from "mainly preventing internal changes" to "mainly preventing external invasion". Shen Baozhen, Minister of Fujian Shipping Administration, and Ding Richang, Governor of Fujian Province, who supervised the coastal defense affairs in Southeast Asia in Qing Dynasty, called Taiwan Province Province "the barrier of seven provinces", "the key to the South-North Ocean" and "the first gateway to China", and repeatedly emphasized the importance of Taiwan Province Province. They also recalled many times that they proposed to set up a provincial province in Taiwan Province Province to strengthen the official administration, effectively manage the Taiwan Province-Pengzhou area isolated overseas and consolidate coastal defense. The proposal of establishing Taiwan Province province was possible under the border crisis at that time. This proposal was first put forward by Ding Richang in 1874. In the following year 165438+ 10, Shen Baozhen proposed to set up a "Fujian governor" in the name of the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, with "Taiwan Province in winter and spring and Fuzhou in summer and autumn". /kloc-in the spring of 0/876, Ding Richang, the new governor, was unable to stay in Taiwan Province Province on schedule, so he asked the court to send another etiquette to stay in Taiwan Province Province and set up the "Governor of Taiwan Province Province", which changed the three-year "staying in Taiwan in winter and spring" to a single governor of Taiwan Province Province. Liu mingchuan

It was not until June 1884 that the Qing Dynasty sent Liu Mingchuan, governor of Zhili, to seal the title of governor to supervise the government affairs and defense of Taiwan Province Province. No matter how he is described in film and television works, Liu Mingchuan is indeed a promising official. Shortly after Liu Mingchuan took office, the Sino-French war broke out. On the whole, China, which did not fail militarily, suffered another disastrous defeat politically. Facing the crisis, it is particularly necessary to strengthen the defense of Taiwan Province Province. Yang Changjun, Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Imperial Commissioner left to supervise Fujian military affairs. In July, they wrote again, demanding "the governor's branch office" and "provincial rule" in Taiwan Province Province, Fujian Province. In Guangxu 1 1 year (1885) 10/2, Empress Dowager Cixi, who was in charge of politics, decided to invite Zuo to invite guests while establishing the navy. Fujian's government affairs were managed by the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Governor of Fujian was changed to the Governor of Taiwan Province Province. By 1888, the separation of Fujian and Taiwan was officially realized, and Taiwan Province Province was set up as a separate province, from the original 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls to 3 prefectures 1 1 county and 4 halls, 1 zhili prefecture, and then Nanya hall was added. The first governor of Fujian and Taiwan Province was Liu Mingchuan. It was this Governor who opened the door to modern economic development in Taiwan Province Province. History has followed the right path to the present. After 550 years of stormy days, the Inspection Department was established, and Taiwan Province Province became the 20th province of the Qing Dynasty. The establishment of Taiwan Province provincial organizational system is mainly to consolidate the southeast coastal defense, resist the aggression of foreign powers and strengthen military defense; Internally, the process of modern industrialization began, and mining, postal services, transportation, reclamation and education developed one after another. Since then, Taiwan Province society has entered a period of large-scale development. It is the exchanges between the two sides of the strait that have condensed the hearts of the people on both sides of the strait in history, and Taiwan Province Province and the mainland are inseparable. The sea tells us that the "first" of so many continents in Taiwan Province Province is not only the significance of time sequence, but also the courage of many pioneers, the hardships of pioneers and the sacrifices of strugglers; It includes how much Taiwan Province Province yearns for the hinterland of the Central Plains, and how much the mainland people care for their compatriots in Taiwan Province Province. It also tells us that it is in this thousand-year interaction that Chinese culture has infiltrated Taiwan Province Province. Compatriots in Taiwan Province Province have become one of the creative groups of this magical and even incredible Chinese culture in the continuous and lasting environment of Chinese culture. Therefore, the relationship between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland has a profound historical origin and cultural precipitation. [2]