Can I apply for a bank card in China with a Cambodian ID card?

Cannot

The valid identity documents for handling personal business include:

1. Chinese citizens who have registered permanent residence in the territory of the People's Republic of China are Resident ID card; if you are under 16 years old, you can use your resident ID card or household registration book.

2. Mainland Travel Permit for residents of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions.

3. Taiwan residents are required to obtain a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan residents.

4. Chinese citizens who have settled abroad must obtain a Chinese passport.

5. Foreign citizens must have a passport or permanent residence permit for foreigners (foreign border residents shall apply in accordance with the relevant regulations on border trade settlement).

6. Other identity documents specified by laws and administrative regulations.