What are the cytokines that chemotactic eosinophils?

Type I hypersensitivity Type I hypersensitivity refers to the hypersensitivity that occurs within a few minutes after the sensitizer contacts the same antigen. Its main characteristics are: ① rapid onset and rapid regression; ② Mainly mediated by specific IgE; (3) Tong Tong causes tissue damage, such as physical dysfunction; (4) Substances (allergens) that have obvious genetic background and participate in hypersensitivity, and can induce specific IgE antibodies into the body to cause hypersensitivity are called allergens, and some hapten allergens are exogenous antigens. Clinical allergens include drugs, xenobiotic serum, plant pollen, dust mites, fungal spores, dander or feathers, insects or their venom, fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, crabs and so on. Some enzymes in shellfish and other foods, such as subtilisin, bee venom phospholipase A2, etc. (2) Antibodies cause type I hypersensitivity. The antibody is mainly IgE, which is induced by allergens to produce allergens. The content of allergens in serum is extremely low, and the IgE of patients with hypersensitivity is obviously increased, mainly in nasopharynx, tonsils, trachea, and allergens from bronchial and gastrointestinal mucosa are easy to invade the site where hypersensitivity occurs. Allergen stimulation is easy to produce IgE antibody, also called allergic constitution. Studies have shown that the dominant inheritance of type ⅰ hypersensitivity belongs to chromosomes and is related to some loci of MHCⅱⅱ group. IgE affinity antibody can bind to IgE Fc receptor (FcεR) on the surface of adipocytes through FC fragment, and the IgE on the cell surface is relatively stable. Degradable (III) adipocytes, basophils and eosinophils 1. Adipocytes, basophils, basophils and basophils participate in type I hypersensitivity. The cytoplasm of main cells contains basophils, which can release or mediate the same medium. Histamine, leukotriene, platelet and bradykinin are derived from the precursors of bone marrow stem cells, and their cell surfaces have high affinity. Fat cells are mainly distributed in the skin. Lymphatic tissue around microvessels, connective tissue of uterus, bladder and intestinal mucosa mainly contain basophils in blood. 2. Eosinophil-like recognition of eosinophil type I hypersensitivity has negative feedback regulation. Type I hypersensitivity occurs when adipocytes degranulate and release eosinophil chemotaxis (ECF-A), which leads to local aggregation of eosinophils. Eosinophils release histamine enzyme to kill histamine, aryl sulfatase to kill platelets, and directly devour and destroy basophils in adipocytes to degranulate type I hypersensitivity. Recently, it has been found that some eosinophils, IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF or PAF cells also express high affinity IgEFc receptors to start degranulation and participate in the maintenance of type I hypersensitivity in the late stage. (4) Sexual medium refers to the degranulation and release of basophils from adipocytes bound to the main medium 1. Hastamin: It is stored in basophil granules of adipocytes. With the release of granules, capillary dilation and permeability are enhanced. Contraction and spasm of bronchial smooth muscle; Under the action of effector enzymes, such as increased secretion of mucus glands, histamine is rapidly degraded in the body. ② Kalkinin: Kalkininogenase released by basophil degranulation of adipocytes acts on plasma kininogen, causing bradykinin to contract smooth muscle, dilate blood vessels, enhance capillary permeability and stimulate pain nerves. ① Leukocyte group (LTs) and prostaglandin D2 (PNOSTAGLANDINSPGD 2): LTS PGD 2): LTSP GD 2 cause the late reaction of type I hypersensitivity. Both of them are derivatives of arachidonic acid, which is released by lipid oxidation (LTS) or epoxidation (PGD2) of basophils in chemical fertilizer cells. LTS in LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 groups can strongly and permanently contract smooth muscle and dilate blood vessels. Enhancing capillary permeability and promoting secretion of PGD2 by mucous glands can cause bronchial smooth muscle to contract, dilate blood vessels and increase capillary permeability. ② Platelet activation PAF: Hydroxylated phospholipids are mainly produced by basophils through phospholipase A2 and acetyltransferase, and release histamine and other media to participate in the late reaction of type I hypersensitivity.