Why did the United States win in the American War of Independence?

Lenin said: "The history of modern civilized America began with a great, truly liberated and truly revolutionary war." This revolutionary war refers to the American War of Independence. Clausse Weitz, a German military theorist and military historian, said in his book On War that "war, in the final analysis, is just a means, which, like diplomacy, aims at achieving a certain political goal". According to this theory, the war of independence launched and deliberately provoked by the American nation also has political demands, that is, political sovereignty and independence. The American War of Independence successfully achieved this great goal, and what made it successful is what this article will discuss.

First, the American nation is a nation that dares to take risks, dare to do things and is full of independent passion. The new residents of North America formed by the European immigration upsurge caused by "Mayflower" have a spirit of "give me liberty or give me death" in my bones. Groups of European immigrants have taken root and settled in North America. With the continuous development and deepening of economic and cultural exchanges, they gradually formed a new nation with "freedom and independence" as its spiritual pillar-the American nation. According to Engels' definition of the characteristics of national spirit, he believes that national spirit has the characteristics of "conscious initiative". Conscious initiative means that "the national spirit can be self-conscious, introspective and self-conscious by the national subject, thus self-denying and self-sublating." That is to say, after the self-consciousness gradually sprouted, the freedom to develop space became the main demand of the nation. As Schubert, a German musician, said, "In the United States, thirteen golden doors are open to the victims of intolerance and authoritarian politics." Therefore, after the formation of the American nation, the desire and yearning for independence will be more enthusiastic, which provides inexhaustible spiritual motivation for winning the war of independence. At the same time, we can't ignore that the outbreak of the War of Independence was the result of the conflict between the expanding demands of the people in thirteen American states for political and economic rights and the British colonial interests, and it eventually intensified. According to common sense, the policies adopted by vested interests are often conservative, not offensive. From this point of view, Britain, which defended colonial achievements before or during the war of independence, can only show this position; On the contrary, the United States, which pursues interests, can only adopt an offensive policy, because it is extremely unrealistic to obtain rights and interests through peaceful transition. This shows that the American War of Independence was initiated by thirteen American states and was carefully planned, not initiated and provoked by Britain. The initiative in the war is on the American side, which is an important reason why the United States can win the war of independence.

Second, the war of independence had a distinct political program, which pointed out the direction for the United States after the war of independence. In other words, the ultimate goal of the American War of Independence was not destructive, but constructive, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of North American immigrants for freedom of economic and cultural development. Thomas Jefferson embodied this in the Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776. The declaration vigorously promotes the concept of "equality and natural rights"; "People's sovereignty theory"; On People's Revolutionary Rights. The publication of the Declaration of Independence provided the American people with important ideological weapons and ideological support, which was an indispensable reason for the victory of the War of Independence. Historians say that "the American War of Independence was the only revolution in the history of the world that kept its promise", and the "promise" was the Declaration of Independence, which shows that this declaration is the proper weight for the United States to win the War of Independence. Stanley L. engelmann and Kathy mattson wrote in their book "American War of Independence, Constitution and the Formation of a New Country" in Cambridge American Economic History: "The successful development of the colonial economy in North America at the end of the colonial era, in turn, cultivated a kind of colonial democracy and ideas to express their yearning for public welfare and a democratic regime that can effectively organize and control their own economic destiny. It can be seen that the publication of the declaration of independence conforms to public opinion and sends out the signal of "independence", which is very timely.

Third, to win the war of independence, the political wisdom and military wisdom possessed by the American people play another important role. As Washington said, "Our most reliable guarantor is our own wisdom". Washington's military wisdom ensured the victory of a series of battles, and his guerrilla tactics realized the strategic achievement of the US military hitting the British army with the least loss under asymmetric combat conditions. Jefferson's political wisdom ensured the effective formation and operation of various policies; Franklin's diplomatic wisdom ensured that the American War of Independence won the support of other countries and disintegrated the British military and political forces from the outside. The wisdom of the American people's participation ensured that the war of independence could obtain a steady stream of people and materials.

Fourth, the American people's war of independence was just and provided international public support for the United States to win the final victory. /kloc-The early school represented by george bancroft spoke highly of the justice and necessity of the war of independence in the second half of the 9th century. There is an old saying in China that "those who gain the Tao help more, those who lose the Tao help less", and victory belongs to the just side, which seems to be a major law of the development of human society.

Fifth, its strong economic strength and military strength are also important reasons. Before the War of Independence, the American capitalist economy formed a certain scale in the four northern colonies (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Connecticut), which were collectively called "New England". There is not only a developed shipbuilding industry here, but also an iron smelting industry. One-third of Britain's ships are made here and have established their own military industry. This provided a strategic resource guarantee for the United States to win the war of independence. 1782 France and Britain signed the armistice agreement "Paris Peace Treaty", that is, the fact that "Britain must recognize American independence" and the historical fact that 1783 Britain officially recognized American independence, we can see that the recognition of the first colonial power can show that the United States already had strong strength at that time.

Sixth, external support is also a factor that cannot be ignored. The book "The Mysterious Family-The Biography of Dupont" written by American writer Gates reveals a message, that is, when E.I. Dupont was excluded by political forces in France, the American government provided him with political asylum. One of the reasons is that E.I. Dupont lobbied the French government to support and participate in the American Revolutionary War during the American Revolutionary War. 1776, Britain sent more troops to North America, and Washington led 18000 troops to defend new york, which was defeated by the British. When we retreated across the Delaware River, there were only 4,000 people left, and France and Spain began to provide financial assistance to the United States. 1778, France recognized the independence of the United States and signed a treaty of alliance between France and the United States, which stipulated that "France guarantees the independence of the United States and its territory determined at the end of the war with Britain". Subsequently, France declared war on Britain, and there were many naval battles between Britain and France. 1780 Dutch war. In addition, in 1780, Russia joined forces with Prussia, Denmark, Sweden and other countries to form an "armed neutral alliance", which broke through the British naval blockade of North America. Britain has fallen into isolation. The involvement of international forces provided an external guarantee for the United States to win the war.

In short, during the War of Independence, the American nation was able to gain independence, which is an important embodiment of the law of human social development. Colonial politics does not meet the psychological demands of human beings. Where there is colonization, there is resistance. The cause of national independence is not a simple cross-strait confrontation, but a confrontation under the whole system of international relations. When fighting for national rights and interests, we can adopt a more flexible foreign policy, or contain or form alliances, and try our best to weaken the influence of the sovereign state. Of course, national independence is a movement in which cultural awareness, economic awareness and political awareness have all developed to a certain extent to achieve good results. Such a movement can only be successful under the guidance of wise men or groups.