Aquarium literature and art

Shui nationality has its own language, belonging to the Dong Shui branch of Zhuang Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

The Shui nationality has an ancient Chinese character called "Shui Shu". There are pictographic characters, knowing characters, homophonic characters and loanwords, so Chinese is often used.

There are only 400 words left in the Shui script.

The water calendar is a traditional calendar of the Shui people, based on the combined calendar of Yin and Yang, plus heavenly stems and earthly branches and the five elements of Yin and Yang. The water calendar divides a year into twelve months, four seasons and three months as a season. Shui literature has a long history, especially colorful folk literature, which deeply reflects the history and life of Shui people. Shui folk literature can be divided into prose style and rhyme style according to its stylistic form. Prose literary works are mainly myths, folklore, folk stories, fables and so on. The myths and legends handed down include The Origin of Man, The Tooth Fairy Made Man, The Twelve Fairy Eggs, The Fire, The Sea Black and so on. Folk stories: Two Daughters-in-law, Beautiful Tree, Lion with Jewelry in its Mouth, golden phoenix and Black Sea.

The rhyming literary works of Shui people mainly refer to those styles with special rhythm, phonology, chapters and tunes, which can be used for singing and reciting, that is, epics, narrative poems, ballads, folk rap literature and so on. Shui folk music has its unique national style, especially folk songs, which have various forms and can be roughly divided into five types: duet, single, lost song, tune song and curse song.

According to their customary names, Shui folk songs are divided into single songs, double songs, funeral songs, nursery rhymes, tune words, swearing words and funeral songs. Singles are sung in Shan Ye, and when something happens, they sing; Duet singing is the most distinctive form of rap in water songs, including toasting, congratulations, narration and fables. Ge Kun is a song composed of several lyrics; Tone words are tune songs, similar to recitation. Ci is a ballad about the past and the present.

Double songs are called "Xu Zao" in water language, "Xu" means "song" and "Zao" means "double and right". The duet of Shui people can be divided into two categories, one is toasting, congratulations and narration, and the other is fable.

Single song is called "Xu crowded" in Shui language, and "crowded" means "single". When singing a song, there are three forms: solo, duet and group singing. Solo is sung by one person or a man and a woman, duet is sung by two people, and chorus is sung by three or more people.

Ge Kun, known as "Xu Hong" in Shui language, means "just a song, a cluster". When singing, there are more than two people, but there is no limit. It is also divided into two parts: speaking plain English and singing.

Songs can be divided into wedding songs, funeral songs and daily life songs.

Poetry, also known as "ode to Russia", is a word about ancient principles and rules, usually mainly chanting. It can be divided into three types: wedding songs, funeral songs and theoretical songs.

The main musical instruments of the Shui nationality are bronze drums, big leather drums, lusheng, suona and huqin. Among them, bronze drums and large leather drums are the most popular.

Bronze drum is a traditional folk musical instrument of Shui nationality with a long history, which is divided into male drum and female drum. The drum surface and body of the male drum are exquisite in workmanship, and the tone is round and loud, while the female drum is heavy in shape and the sound is not as loud as that of the male drum.

Bronze drums are mostly used for festivals, sacrifices, funerals or grand celebrations, and are mostly played by two people.

Dapi drum is also a popular percussion instrument in the Shui nationality area. The whole barrel of logs is shaved and hollowed out, and the two ends of the drum are covered with cowhide made of nitrate, which is about 100 cm thick and about 150 cm long. It is often used with bronze drums. Shui music in primitive society

The primitive social period of Shui nationality refers to the historical stage from the origin of human beings to the end of clan society. During this period, the music creation of the Shui people mostly revolved around mountains and rivers, the sun, the moon and the stars, the origin of human beings, the origin of animals and plants and so on. These oral creations often use rhymes, thus forming an ancient song close to the language, which is called "Ji Xu" (meaning to write songs) in Shuiyu.

Because its singing is more vivid and touching than the direct narration of language, it reflects some thoughts of the ancestors of the Shui people in exploring, explaining and transforming nature, so it has been widely circulated. In the process of creation and development, the ancestors of Shui people also created many gods closely related to real life, so there were corresponding sacrificial activities, and the most primitive songs and dances sprouted. The ancient song "Ji Xu" will be sung at mass gatherings and sacrificial occasions.

The content of Ji Xu's ancient songs (creation songs) can be roughly summarized into three aspects: creation; Human origin; Family struggle

"Xu Ji" is the oldest song and a "living fossil" of Shui music in ancient times.

Shui Music in Feudal Society (206 BC-65438 BC+0840 BC)

During the long feudal history, the Shui people were oppressed and exploited by slave owners, feudal dynasties, lords and landlords, and lived in poverty for generations. It can be seen that the basic point of social composition is class and class struggle, and the development of social productive forces is slow and sustained. As the economic basis, the concept of water music, as a mirror of the times and a reflection of practice, is bound to be influenced and restricted by this situation.

Therefore, the trend towards complex social life and class struggle is the content; In the works on the relationship between man and nature, the elements of fantasy are reduced, and the theme of labor is generally interpreted. People in society have replaced the illusory gods and become the protagonists of the works.

On the other hand, after the ancestors of Shui people settled in the border of Guizhou and Guangxi, their farming life was relatively stable and their national language and culture developed well because of their dense settlements. Especially in the early Ming Dynasty, a large number of Han immigrants moved in, which brought advanced production technology and promoted economic prosperity. Economic development promotes cultural progress.

The United and harmonious folk customs, the prosperity of young men and women's social life and the frequent folk exchanges have gradually socialized folk singing activities. The Shui people have fixed singing places and festivals, and also have corresponding singing customs. Singing in life, production, love, marriage, funeral, sacrifice and festivals has become an important part of the social life of the Shui people. Folk songs reflect richer life content. For example, there have been classified and complete sets of production labor songs, and there have also been unreasonable works lamenting the disparity between the rich and the poor. In harmony with this extensive social content, the relatively simple music varieties in primitive society gradually changed, developed and stereotyped into various songs with social functions as the main features, such as single songs, double songs, fascinated songs and tune songs.

Shui nationality music in socialist society.

1949 65438+On February 6th, Sandu County was liberated by China People's Liberation Army. 1950 65438+ 10/3, Sandu County People's Government was established, and the Shui people became the masters of the new era. 1957 65438+1October 2nd, Sandu county was declared to be established according to the decision of the State Council. In the past, the remote and closed villages, backward production and poor people in the Shui nationality area showed its vitality. A number of new folk songs with strong spirit of the times came into being. They were based on real life, praising the party, socialism and the old customs that hindered social development.

It embodies the love and hate of the Shui people, and shows the deep friendship with Chairman Mao and socialism and the yearning for a better life in the future. During this period, two new songs appeared in Shui folk music: Xinmin song and children's song. The traditional dances of Shui people mainly include bronze drum dance, horn dance and Lusheng dance.

Bronze drum dance, called "throwing pressure" in water language, means "jumping on the bronze drum", which is often performed at festivals, sacrifices or funerals. Bronze drum dance is a group dance for men. There is no limit to the number of participants, but it must be even.

Doujiao dance, also known as "bullfighting dance", is often performed at sacrifices, festivals and funerals, and its movements show some scenes of the aquarium bullfighting. This dance stopped in spring and began to dance after jointing and heading of rice seedlings, which was seasonal.

Lusheng dance, called "dance" in water language, is often performed at sacrifices, festivals and funerals. The performers are mostly three men and six women. They wear colorful ancient dance costumes, white feather skirts around their waists, red or dark gray baotou, honeysuckle flowers and young tails. During the performance, a man played the smallest lusheng and led the dance in front, followed by others, dancing with the beat.