Biography of Felix Houphouet-Boigny

190510/0 18 was born in Ivory Coast, French West Africa (1985 was translated into C? te d 'Ivoire), and Yamoussoukro (now the capital of C? te d 'Ivoire) was a hereditary chieftain family of Bahulai, formerly known as Dia Houphouet. 19 10 the chief was killed in a conflict with his people because he cooperated with the colonists. According to the maternal lineage, the five-year-old Houphouet-Boigny was designated as the heir of the chief, and his stepfather (whose biological father died young) served as the regent until he came of age. I spent my childhood in Yamoussoukro and finished primary and secondary school in China. The French colonial government recognized his tribal chieftain status and arranged for him to receive education in a military fortress in Bang Qi, laying the foundation for him to become a leader in the future. 19 15 was sent to bangeville boarding school under the arrangement of the French. In the same year, in Bungert, Houphouet-Boigny converted to Christianity. He believes that Christianity is a modern religion that prevents the expansion of Islam, and he chooses "Felix" as his Christian name.

19 19, Houphouet-Boigny was admitted to William Ponty Normal School in Dakar, Senegal with the first place, and obtained a degree in education. 192 1 entered the French West African College of Medicine in Senegal, France, and obtained a doctorate in medicine because of his excellent academic performance. He was approved by the colonial authorities as a qualified African doctor. After graduation, Houphou? t-Boigny returned to C? te d 'Ivoire and began his medical career for 65,438+05 years (65,438+0925-65,438+0940). 192510126 October, he worked as a medical assistant in a hospital in the coastal city of Abidjan (the former capital of C? te d 'Ivoire and now the economic capital), where he established a local medical staff association. However, due to political considerations, the colonial government transferred him to a smaller hospital in Guiglo on April 27th, 1927. But he proved himself with his cleverness. On September 7th, 1929,/kloc-0, he was promoted to the position of physician in Abengourou, which was originally reserved for Europeans. In Abengourou, Houphouet-Boigny witnessed the abuse of indigenous growers by colonists.

1932, Houphouet-Boigny led the peasant movement to resist the exploitation of peasants by the white people's congress and the economic plunder policy of the colonial government. In the same year, on February 22nd, 12, he published an article entitled "Common sense of tropical voles" in the Ivorian socialist newspaper "Union of Trade Unions" (meaning that they stole too much from us), exposing and criticizing the cruel exploitation of African growers by the French colonial authorities. The following year, the tribe asked him to go back to assume the duties of chief, but he preferred to engage in medical career, so he gave up the title of chief and was replaced by his younger brother Augustine. He wanted to be closer to his hometown, so he was allowed to transfer to Dimbokro on February 3, 1934, and arrived in Loya on June 28, 1936. Although Houphouet showed his professional qualities in his work, his political attitude annoyed some people around him. 1September, 938, his clinical director asked him to choose between doctors and politics.

History soon made a choice for him. 1939, Houphouet-Boigny's only brother died suddenly. He became the chief of the tribe again and was appointed as the leader of Binville by the French colonial government. At the same time, the French colonial government set up a new institution to collect exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees from the colonial people. The ruthless reality made him realize that doctors can only relieve people's suffering, but they can't change people's poverty and backwardness. So in 1940, he stopped practicing medicine to take over as chief and turned to plantation management. He made friends everywhere and forged a deep friendship with the chiefs of neighboring tribes, so he was able to attract a lot of labor and expand the planting area of rubber, coffee and cocoa. His plantation covers hundreds of hectares and becomes one of the richest farmers in Africa. After the outbreak of the French occupation in World War II, the social economy of French West Africa under Vichy government deteriorated sharply. Later, when the Allies occupied North Africa, officials in French West Africa were replaced by free French. Under his active preparation and organization, the "African Agricultural Trade Union" was born on1September 3, 944. The trade union is the first local organization in the history of C? te d 'Ivoire. Houphou? t-Boigny, who was widely expected to be elected chairman, began to lead the dialogue between local growers and administrative authorities, expanded the mass base of African agricultural trade unions and became the capital of his political rise, and Boigny embarked on the road of politics. The African Agricultural Union put forward the slogan "strive for equal treatment between blacks and whites", which not only became the mouthpiece of Ivory Coast growers, but also safeguarded the interests of agricultural workers who worked hard in white plantations.

1945 In August, Houphouet participated in the first municipal council election in Abidjan. According to French election rules, half of the seats in parliament must come from French citizens (mostly Europeans) and the other half are non-French citizens (colonial aborigines). As a result, his African camp won a decisive victory. 1945 10 In the French Constituent Assembly election, C? te d 'Ivoire can send two representatives, one of whom must be a "French citizen" (white immigrant) and the other a "French national" from the local area. He wanted to stay in C? te d 'Ivoire to take care of his family, but his relatives and friends persuaded him to take part in the election. On June 4th, he was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly with a high vote of 1945+065438. At the same time, he added a surname "Boigny" from his grandfather to his surname "Houphouet", which means "Ram", symbolizing his status as a member of the Constituent Assembly.

In the French Constitutional Convention, Houphouet-Boigny was appointed as a member of the Overseas Territories Affairs Supervisory Committee. On March 1946 and 1 day, Houphouet-Boigny submitted a bill to abolish the forced labor system, which was unanimously passed by 1947. 1946 On April 3rd, he put forward a proposal to implement a unified labor law in French Africa, which was adopted in 1952. 1On September 27th, 946, he proposed to reform the medical and health system in overseas territories. After the adoption of the Constitution of the Fourth French Republic by referendum in 1946+00, Houphouet-Boigny was elected as a member of the first National Assembly of the Fourth French Republic, and still serves as a member of the Overseas Territories Committee, and served as the secretary of the Committee from 1947 to 1948. 1946 member of the general election and regulation Committee. 1947 February 18 proposed to reform the parliamentary system and the French federal Senate in French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, so as to make them more broadly representative. He also advocated the establishment of local councils in Africa so that Africans can learn how to manage themselves.

1946 On April 9, with the help of the French Production Party, Houphouet-Boigny transformed the African Agricultural Union into the Democratic Party of C? te d 'Ivoire, and served as its chairman. At the Bamako meeting in May-438+10 of the same year, he and Ahmed Sekou Toure and others founded the "African Democratic Union", which soon became the most powerful political party in French Africa, with Boigny as the chairman and the Democratic Party of C? te d 'Ivoire as the local branch. 1949 1 The second congress was held in Abidjan, attended by 700 delegates, at which Boigny gave a report on the African Democratic Union. With the outbreak of the Cold War, the African Democratic Union, which is allied with the * * * production party, has been suppressed and destroyed. 1950 65438+1On October 24th, the French colonial authorities issued a wanted order on the pretext that Boigny had participated in * * * political activities, but it could not be executed because Boigny enjoyed immunity from the French Parliament. In order to resolve the crisis, Houphou? t-Boigny defended himself in the National Assembly on the one hand, and had frequent contacts with francois mitterrand, Minister of Overseas Territories in René Pleven's Cabinet on the other. 1In June, 950, he announced that the African Democratic Union had severed all ties with France. Then he turned to form an alliance with Mitterrand's Democratic and Socialist Resistance Alliance. 195 1 and 1956 were elected to the French national assembly for two consecutive terms and served as members of the general election, constitution, regulations and petition committees. 1952 was elected as a member of the territorial assembly of Korhogo province,1953 was elected as the chairman of the territorial assembly of C? te d 'Ivoire on March 24th-1959165438+1October 30th,1959 65438.

1956 February1——1957 June 13 served as the ministerial representative of guy mollet. 1956 1 1 was elected mayor of Abidjan. 1957 June13 ——165438+1October 6, as French minister of state Maurice Bourget-Maunouri. 1957165438+1October 6 ——1958 may 14 served as the minister of health and population in the French cabinet of Felix Gelhard. 1May 1958 14 —— 17 served as the minister of state in the cabinet of Pierre Fleming, France. 65438+June 09581-65438+June 0959 65438+1October 8 served as the Minister of State of Charles de Gaulle's Cabinet. 1958 10 10. On 4 October, as a member of the cabinet, he signed the document of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic of France with Charles de Gaulle. 1959 65438+1October 8-May 20, served as Minister of State in Michel Debray. 1July 23, 959 —— 196 1 May, 2008 19 served as an adviser to the foreign minister of Michel Debray's cabinet.

1On June 23, 1956, France promulgated the "Framework Law" to grant African colonies autonomy.1On March 3, 1957, C? te d 'Ivoire held its first legislative assembly election, and the Democratic Party of C? te d 'Ivoire won an overwhelming victory. 1958 In September, when French West African countries held a referendum on the "Charles de Gaulle Constitution", Boigny lobbied everywhere and called on all territories to vote for it. 1958 In February, C? te d 'Ivoire became an "autonomous republic" within the French territory. 1958—— President of the National Assembly of the Autonomous Republic of C? te d 'Ivoire. 1In April, 959, he served as the chairman of the autonomous government committee of C? te d 'Ivoire (equivalent to the Prime Minister). 1May 2, 959-1August 7, 960 as Prime Minister of the Autonomous Republic of C? te d 'Ivoire,1September 8, 959-196 1 as Minister of the Interior. From June 6 to September 59, 438, the Consultative Committee of the Regional Economic Cooperation Organization of French-speaking West African States was established in C? te d 'Ivoire, with Boigny as its chairman.

1On August 7, 1960, C? te d 'Ivoire declared its official independence, but remained in the French Commonwealth, and left the French Commonwealth in April of196/kloc-0. On August 7th, 1960- 1960,165438+1October 27th, he was appointed Prime Minister of the People's Republic of C? te d 'Ivoire. 1960165438+1October 3rd, he was elected President of the First Republic of C? te d 'Ivoire and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces with over 99% of the votes, and was re-elected for seven times. 1960165438+1October 27th-1990165438+1October 7th served as the head of government (removed from the post of prime minister), 196165438+1October 3-1963 September10-196654381975, C? te d 'Ivoire. 1980 was elected chairman of the democratic party in September.

199365438+On February 7th, Felix Houphouet-Boigny died in Yamoussoukro at the age of 88. The government of C? te d 'Ivoire held a grand state funeral for him. Representatives from 140 countries and international organizations attended the funeral, including his close friends Giscard d'Estaing, francois mitterrand, Jacques Chirac and others.

Houphouet-Boigny received honorary doctorates from the University of Pennsylvania, Georgetown University, Rennes University and Tel Aviv University.