Kunming, a famous historical and cultural city in Yunnan, where is it?

Kunming is a famous national historical and cultural city, with a life history of more than 30,000 years, a cultural history of central Yunnan of more than 2,400 years, and a city-building history of 1240 years. The history of Kunming was initiated by the famous "Kunming people". The discovery of the Paleolithic Site in Longtan Mountain pushed the emergence of human civilization in Dianchi Lake area to 300 million years ago. Around 65,438+00,000 years ago, many "Beiqiu" belonging to Neolithic culture appeared in Kunming, which shows that the bronze culture in Kunming had entered a prosperous period long before Zhuang Ting entered Yunnan.

In 280 BC, Zhuang Ti, a general of Chu State, entered Yunnan, was subordinate to the common name Wang, and established the Dian State, which is located in Jincheng Town, Jinning County. At the same time, he also built "Zhuangti Ancient City" and "Lanju City" on the north bank of Dianchi Lake. In the Qin Dynasty, General Chang Lian was sent to build the "Wuchi Road" and sent officials to "set up officials" in Yunnan, which became the symbol that the central dynasty began to formally rule Yunnan. In A.D. 109, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack southwest Yi, and the king of Yunnan entered the DPRK, establishing Yizhou County in Yunnan. In 225 AD, it was changed to Jianning County, and Yongchang County was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty established Zhou Kun in today's central, southern and eastern Yunnan, and Zhou Kuncheng under Bijiguan. In 765 AD, Ge Luofeng, the king of Nanzhao who unified Erhai Lake area, ordered his eldest son Feng Jiayi to build and expand the Dongcheng on the north bank of Dianchi Lake, which was later called Shanzhan City and became the Tokyo of Nanzhao. In 859, the East West Temple Pagoda was built. The following year, Tokyo was changed to Shangdu, and Shaxian Palace was built here. In a.d. 1253, Kublai Khan led 65,438+10,000 troops to cross the Jinsha River into Yunnan and destroy Dali. The following year, "Kunming 2,000 Households" was established in Dianchi Lake area, and "Kunming" was taken as the administrative place name of Dianchi Lake area for the first time. 1274, Kublai Khan sent Saidianchi Lake to Yunnan, established Yunnan Province, and appointed Saidianchi Lake as "the provincial government of Yunnan Province" to govern Zhongqing. 1276, Zhongqing Road was established in Dianchi Lake area, and its administrative office was located in Shanshan City, also known as Zhongqing City, with Kunming County as its capital. At this point, the administrative center of Yunnan Province officially moved to Dianchi Lake area. After Saidianchi arrived in Kunming, Shanshan City, Daxing Temple School, water conservancy and Songhua River Dam were rebuilt, and Panlong River was divided into golden branches. Kunming has thus become the political, economic and cultural center of the province.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Fu Youde, Lan Yu, Mu Ying and other 300,000 troops to the west to pacify Yunnan in138/. 1382, Zhongqing Road was changed to Yunnan House, and Yunnan House Brick City was built. At the same time, Yunnan Political Department (equivalent to the provincial government) and Metropolitan Command (equivalent to the provincial military region) are established in Yunnan, and the government and headquarters are located in the mainland of Yunnan. During the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Han people from Jiangnan, Jiangxi, Huguang and other places entered Yunnan, which promoted the rapid economic development in Dianchi Lake area, and the output of silver reached more than half of the country. 1423 Hong Zhong of 24,000 Jin fully reflects the development level of copper mining in Dianchi area during this period.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Qing soldiers entered Shanhaiguan and captured Beijing, and the rest of the peasant uprising army led by Zhang retreated to Kunming, implementing a set of political, economic and cultural systems, which affected the national situation 12 years.

In A.D. 1647, the peasant uprising army-Daxiliang Army, led by Li Dingguo and Sun Kewang, entered Kunming, pacified Yunnan and established political power. 1650, Yunnan changed to Kunming, and Kunming changed to Kunhai. 1655, Li Dingguo escorted Emperor Li Yong of Nanming to Kunming, changed Kunming to "the capital of Yunnan", and built a palace in Wuhua Mountain, beginning his six-year rule. Until February 1658 65438+, the Qing army attacked Yunnan in three ways. Under the protection of General Li Dingguo and college student Lei Yuelong, Emperor Li Yong fled to Myanmar. The following year, Wu Sangui captured Kunming. In A.D. 1662, King Bai Meng of Myanmar bound Emperor Li Yong, who was hiding in Myanmar, to Wu Sangui, and Emperor Li Yong of Nanming was hanged at the slope head, becoming the last ruins of the Ming Dynasty.

1679, after the Qing army conquered Kunming, it established the rule of Yunnan, vigorously promoted the "returning home" and immigrated the Han people from Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong to Yunnan, which objectively consolidated national unity and promoted the development of the frontier. In the Qing Dynasty, the mining and metallurgy industry in Yunnan developed greatly, and the seeds of capitalism began to appear. The development of copper industry in Dongchuan and other places has a considerable scale. From 1743 to 1802, the average annual output of Yunnan copper industry exceeded 10000 kg, and the highest annual output reached 14000 kg, ranking first in the country at that time.

After the Opium War, Kunming entered a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. Under the harsh semi-colonial and semi-feudal environment, China's national capitalism developed slowly. 1870, Yunnan Machinery Bureau, the earliest modern enterprise in Yunnan, was established in Qianju Street. 1905, Kunming opened its own commercial port. 19 10, Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was opened to Kunming. After the birth of the bourgeois political party alliance, the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle led by the bourgeoisie gradually began. 1902, Yunnan implemented the New Deal, established a modern school in Kunming and sent overseas students. In 1906, a new army was established in Kunming, and in 1909, the Yunnan Military Academy was established, becoming the "most progressive and fashionable" army in China at that time. 19110 June10, Wuchang uprising broke out, and Kunming revolutionaries decided to respond. 10 On June 30th, the Kunming Uprising was launched, and the military government of Dahan in Yunnan was established, which overthrew the rule of the Qing government in Yunnan.