How to deal with six relations in water conservancy work

Rainfall in China is unevenly distributed in time and space. Generally speaking, the water resources in the seven river basins are relatively abundant in Sanjiang (Yangtze River, Pearl River and Songhua River) and seriously insufficient in the four rivers (Yellow River, Haihe River, Huaihe River and Liaohe River). For a long time, water shortage, floods, sewage and soil erosion have caused great adverse effects and threats to the country's economic and social development and ecological environment. It is an urgent strategic task to strengthen the research on various water problems and take effective measures to solve them step by step. Let's talk about several relations that need to be handled well in implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, understanding and solving water problems, and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resources and water projects. 1. Handle the relationship between demand and possibility. With the continuous development of economy and society, the demand for water supply for urban and rural domestic production, water pollution prevention, flood control and waterlogging elimination, hydropower, water transport, soil and water conservation, and ecological environment water is increasing. Will be higher and higher. There has been and will be a long-term contradiction between these demands and the possibility of water resources and the possibility of project construction funds. To solve these contradictions, it is necessary to make overall plans and take comprehensive measures, especially to use limited resources and funds in urgent and important fields on the basis of making good preparations according to priorities. To solve the problem of water shortage, firstly, we should strengthen the management of water resources in river basins and regions, rationally allocate water resources and water rights according to the principles of high efficiency, fairness and unity, and establish and improve the water market; Second, adhere to the principles of open source, throttling and pollution control, put water conservation and pollution control in the first place, build a water-saving society, and improve the efficiency and benefit of water resources utilization. The open source project should not only study and increase traditional water sources, but also increase the development of non-traditional water sources such as flood resources, sewage resources, seawater resources and cloud water resources (artificial precipitation enhancement). The development of circular economy has great potential in the utilization of water resources, and it should be changed from bladder-type water use to heart-type water use, that is, to minimize sewage discharge and increase the utilization of reclaimed water. At present, although some projects are necessary, they have not been approved and implemented. Why, mainly because of lack of money. To solve the funding gap, we should broaden our thinking, comprehensively analyze the public welfare and operation of water conservancy projects, reform the water price formation mechanism, implement the mechanism of linking benefits with financing, optimize the corporate governance structure and broaden the sources of funds. While improving and strengthening the government's macro-control, we should make greater use of market mechanisms to raise funds. For example, sewage treatment should be market-oriented based on the polluter pays principle and the standard of not less than the sewage treatment cost. This is a necessary measure to do a good job in sewage treatment. 2. Handle the relationship between regions, industries and parts and the whole. Different regions, different river basins, upstream and downstream of river basins, and left and right banks are interrelated and interdependent, and we cannot beggar our neighbors. We should not only understand each other, unite to control water and negotiate water use, but also clarify the relationship between responsibility and rights. For example, in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, agreements or contracts should be further signed between parts and the whole, and between provinces in terms of water price and water quantity, so as to implement responsibilities and powers. At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the planning of supporting projects and implement them as soon as possible. Water is a life resource and a necessity for life and production. Water conservancy project is not only the lifeblood of agriculture, but also an important infrastructure in industries such as industry and service industry. To handle the relationship between industries well, we must establish and adhere to the people-oriented concept. For example, in terms of water resources allocation and related engineering construction, we must first ensure urban and rural domestic water; In urban and rural construction planning, the prevention of geological disasters such as floods, landslides and mudslides should be placed in a prominent position. Between departments and regions, it is necessary to strengthen information sharing and put yourself in the other's shoes. We should take mutual benefit and win-win as the starting point and the end result, and establish local interests on the basis of maximizing the overall interests. 3. Handle the relationship between short-term and long-term. China Dayu has been harnessing water for more than 4,000 years, and it may take hundreds or even thousands of years to harness water. Where will the cause of harnessing water be, before me, those lost years? Behind me, where is the next generation? . One generation should do what one generation does well, and it should be done well in five years. There are some things you would rather not do for the time being than make blind decisions and make mistakes that are difficult to correct. There are many examples at home and abroad. There are also some projects that were not only beneficial at that time, but also stood the test of history. For example, the Dujiangyan project in Sichuan Province has been running for more than 2,000 years, and its benefits have gradually expanded. The annual irrigation area reaches 6.5438+million mu. Planning should solve macro and strategic problems, first layout, then layout, on the premise of reasonable planning, according to conditions and possibilities, according to construction projects. 4. Deal with the relationship between good people and water, and between man and nature. Man is the product of natural evolution, benefiting from and subject to nature. We should respect nature, deeply understand and consciously follow the laws of nature. Water is a gift from nature to human beings and other creatures. Only by rationally utilizing and cherishing water resources and leaving necessary storage space for floods can people live in harmony with water and nature. While planning economic and social development, we should also rationally plan ecological environment protection. In recent years, the international community has paid more and more attention to the greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse effect has caused a series of water problems, for example, the rise of surface temperature has brought certain influence on evaporation and rainfall. In some areas, such as some tributaries of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Basin, floods have intensified and water resources in some rivers have decreased. The more water-deficient basins such as Haihe River and Yellow River, the more water resources there are, and the less water resources there are. On the premise of solving immigration and ecological problems, properly increasing the development of hydropower resources will not only benefit economic construction, but also reduce the utilization of fossil energy and the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. 5. It is the general trend to deal with the relationship between urban and rural areas from the perspective of social development law and continuously improve the urbanization rate. However, in the next few decades, the number of people living in rural areas will still be quite large, currently exceeding 800 million, and by 2020, there may be more than 600 million people living in rural areas. While promoting China's urbanization, it is an important historical task to strengthen the construction of new socialist countryside. In accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development, study and formulate water-related policies including water resources allocation, water price, engineering construction, etc., and implement the policy of industry supporting agriculture and cities supporting rural areas. In quite a few areas, economic development has greatly improved the three-dimensional form, with many high-rise buildings, wide roads and large squares. However, some substances in liquid and gas form are getting worse and worse. Water pollution and air pollution have done great harm to people's health. We should seriously study and solve these problems in the future. For urban and industrial water use, relevant legal measures should be taken, such as water price lever, water conservation, reclaimed water reuse and appropriate increase of water sources, to improve the guarantee rate of urban and industrial water supply and gradually improve the water quality. At the same time, it is necessary to further strengthen the construction and management of rural water conservancy projects, especially rural drinking water safety projects. This year, the investment in rural drinking water safety projects arranged by the central government has doubled compared with last year, and will be further increased next year, so as to completely solve the drinking water insecurity problem of more than 300 million rural people within 10 year. At the same time, we will increase investment in strengthening dangerous reservoirs, reservoir construction, water-saving renovation of irrigation areas, regulation of large, medium and small rivers, soil and water conservation, and small hydropower in rural areas, so as to improve the production and living conditions and ecological environment in rural areas as soon as possible. 6. Deal with the pros and cons. Water and hydraulic engineering have duality. Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty in China, once said: Water is also beneficial. Where a water conservancy project is built, in order to publicize its advantages and predict its disadvantages, the construction project should be demonstrated and decided according to the principle of maximizing the two advantages and minimizing the two disadvantages. According to the principle of materialist dialectics, adhere to the dialectical unity of two-point theory and key theory. In the process of research and decision-making, it is necessary to prevent blindly going to the project only knowing its advantages and not knowing its disadvantages, nor to give up eating because of choking. For the problems caused by engineering construction, we should clarify and face up to them, and take active measures to prevent or solve them. For example, for the Three Gorges Project, we should actively study and take effective countermeasures such as resettlement and later support, prevention and control of geological disasters, prevention and control of water pollution, and siltation. The investment in water conservancy projects, if used well, will bring huge benefits, and if used badly, it will lead to huge waste and even negative effects. In the preliminary work and decision-making process, we should adhere to the principle of scientific democracy, follow reasonable procedures, and be good at listening to and analyzing different opinions, which are often beneficial to project decision-making. In short, according to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious society, we should learn from and absorb advanced ideas, concepts, science and technology and management experience at home and abroad, dialectically understand and gradually solve various water problems, and provide necessary support and guarantee for national economic and social development and ecological environment improvement.