How to transform Mars?

How to transform Mars into a "small earth"?

Source: Morning News

According to the analysis of scientists, in order to transform Mars into a "small earth", engineers must solve two primary problems. First, try to make the atmosphere of Mars denser. At present, the atmospheric pressure of Mars is only about 1% of that of the Earth. Second, "heat" Mars, because the surface temperature of Mars is below MINUS 60 degrees Celsius, which is not suitable for large organisms to survive.

However, scientists say that the two major problems of "thickening" the atmosphere and "heating" the surface temperature have been initially solved. The first plan they came up with was to build a reflector with a diameter of several miles in orbit around Mars, through which the sunlight would be concentrated on the ice sheets at the two poles of Mars, so that the ice there would melt and release a lot of gaseous carbon dioxide. These carbon dioxide will greatly increase the density of the Martian atmosphere, and cause obvious greenhouse effect, which will make Mars warm.

Another method that scientists have come up with may be more effective. They proposed to build some special factories on Mars. The products of these factories are all gases that can cause super greenhouse effect, such as mixed gases containing carbon, chlorine and fluorine. The greenhouse effect of this gas is thousands of times stronger than that of carbon dioxide. Scientists say that as long as these factories are built on various "strategic points" on the surface of Mars, the whole Mars can soon become as warm as the earth.

In addition to the greenhouse effect, a thicker Martian atmosphere can also reduce the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. At present, the level of ultraviolet radiation on Mars is far beyond the capacity of most life on earth.

Moving from Mars to Earth to Red Planet is no longer just a dream (Figure)

CCTV International Channel (08: 03 March 29, 2004)

Blue Planet: Earth

Red Planet: Mars

Morning News: With the progress of Mars exploration in the United States and Europe, people find that there is little hope of finding life on Mars in a short time. However, British media revealed on the 28th that scientists in the United States and Britain are planning a bold plan to transform red Mars into another earth, so that blue oceans, green fields and mild breezes can cover today's barren land and make life jump on Mars.

Of course, this seemingly sci-fi plan has also attracted many people's criticism. They think that the plan to turn Mars into the earth is more absurd than whimsical, because it is likely to bring fatal disaster to Mars.

Supporters: Turn Mars into a "paradise of life"

The British "Observer" published an article on the 28th, saying that more and more Mars researchers believe that today, millions of years after the oceans and rivers disappeared from Mars, it is possible for human beings to transform Mars into a "paradise of life" similar to the earth. Some scientists are seriously considering how to use human wisdom to help Mars recover its ancient glory-large and small craters have become dotted with lakes, red desolate ridges are covered with lush forests, and the red planet has taken on a new look and become a new home suitable for human habitation.

With the successful landing of Spirit and Opportunity on Mars at the beginning of this year, NASA launched a multi-billion-dollar Mars research program at the strong request of President Bush. As part of this huge plan, NASA will host a large-scale international seminar next week with the theme of how to transform Mars into a "small earth". At that time, Mars researchers from all over the world will attend the conference, and some famous science fiction writers including arthur clarke and Greg Bayer will also be invited to attend.

Michael mayer, a senior scientist in space biology at NASA University, said: "Transforming Mars has been a hot science fiction topic for a long time, but now, scientists are trying to turn this' Arabian Nights' into reality. We believe that the project of transforming Mars has the same possibility as other scientific research projects. "

Nowadays, most astronauts believe that Mars can indeed be transformed into a "small earth". However, to achieve this goal, there must be a lot of money, and scientists must struggle for it for at least several decades.

Chris McKay from the Ames Research Center of NASA in California will also attend the seminar next week. MacKay told reporters before the meeting that the two schemes proposed by scientists can effectively transform Mars, and they will also be a key step in transforming Mars. Once there is a dense and warm atmosphere, the ice in the Martian soil will melt, so that crops can be planted on Mars. Transplanting the flowers and trees on the earth to the reformed Mars can provide oxygen there, and the atmosphere of Mars will gradually become the same as that of the Earth. McKay said: "We should seriously consider the possibility of sending life on earth to Mars."

Comparison of data between Mars and Earth

Opponents: destroy the earth, not Mars.

Of course, like all "shocking" plans, the plan to transform Mars has also attracted many people's opposition. Many scientists think that the idea itself is terrible and irresponsible.

Paul Muding of the American Astronomical Research Center said: "The plan to transform Mars can be called extreme, even if it is not crazy. This is a very terrible thing. If this is just a scene in science fiction, we can still laugh it off, but now it is becoming a horrible fact. "

Muding stressed: "The reason why I say that the plan to transform Mars is terrible is because human beings have destroyed the planet they live in at an alarming rate. Now, instead of reflecting and remedying this, we have begun to discuss how to destroy another planet. "

Because in the past few months, the United States and Europe have found that there is an environment supporting life on Mars during the exploration of Mars, and the possibility of life on Mars is not ruled out, some scientists are more resolutely opposed to the plan to transform Mars.

Lisa Pratt, a NASA space biologist who teaches at Indiana University, said angrily that the transformation of Mars will directly endanger the possible life on Mars, which will bring irreparable disaster to space biology.

Pratt said: "I am very sad to hear this plan (to transform Mars). Because we are discovering that there may be life on Mars, I feel more and more that those microorganisms may be hidden in the soil of Mars, and we are about to usher in the day when life on Mars is discovered. But now, some people are discussing how to completely transform Mars, which will completely destroy the life of Mars. This is a big mistake in science and ethics. "

With the progress of Mars exploration in the United States and Europe, British media revealed on the 28th that scientists in the United States and Britain are planning a bold plan to transform red Mars into another earth, so that blue oceans, green fields and mild breezes can cover today's barren land and make life jump on Mars.

Of course, this seemingly sci-fi plan has also attracted many people's criticism. They think that the plan to turn Mars into the earth is more absurd than whimsical, because it is likely to bring fatal disaster to Mars.

The British "Observer" published an article on March 28, saying that more and more Mars researchers believe that today, millions of years after the oceans and rivers disappeared from Mars, it is possible for human beings to transform Mars into a "paradise of life" similar to the earth. Some scientists are seriously considering how to use human wisdom to help Mars recover its ancient glory-large and small craters have become dotted with lakes, red desolate ridges are covered with lush forests, and the red planet has taken on a new look and become a new home suitable for human habitation.

At the beginning of this year, "Spirit" and "Opportunity" rovers successfully landed on Mars Dongfeng. At the urging of President Bush, NASA launched a multi-billion-dollar Mars research program. As part of this huge plan, NASA will hold a large-scale international seminar in the near future, the theme of which is how to transform Mars into a "small earth". At that time, Mars researchers from all over the world will attend the conference, and some famous science fiction writers including arthur clarke and Greg Bayer will also be invited to attend.

Of course, like all "shocking" plans, the plan to transform Mars has also attracted many people's opposition. Many scientists think that the idea itself is terrible and irresponsible.

Paul Muding of the American Astronomical Research Center said: "The reason why I say that the plan to transform Mars is terrible is because humans have destroyed the planet on which they depend at an alarming rate. Now, instead of reflecting and remedying this, we are beginning to discuss how to destroy another planet. " Because in the past few months, the United States and Europe have found that there is an environment supporting life on Mars during the exploration of Mars, and the possibility of life on Mars is not ruled out, some scientists are more resolutely opposed to the plan to transform Mars (according to Yangcheng Evening News)

NASA held a seminar on "transforming Mars" to make the red planet "green".

IT.SOHU.COM 2004-03-2916: 59 from: People's Daily Online.

Page function I want to say two words: I want to "pull" the wrong recommended font: large, medium and small print off.

World-class scientists and science fiction writers explore this week.

According to the British "Observer" reported yesterday, NASA will hold an international seminar attended by world-class scientists and science fiction writers this week to seriously discuss the possibility of human beings transforming Mars into a "green planet". Some American scientists believe that after the oceans and lakes on Mars have dried up for billions of years, through human wisdom and efforts, Mars can completely reproduce the scene of "green mountains and green waters".

Transforming Mars has become a serious topic.

It is reported that the idea of human beings "transforming Mars" will become a major discussion topic. In addition to many world-class scientists, the meeting also included famous science fiction writers, such as arthur clarke and Greg Bill. Some American and British scientists believe that through unremitting efforts, the "red planet" of Mars can be completely transformed into a green world, the huge crater on Mars can be turned into a lake, and the hot hillside on Mars will be covered with dense forests, thus making Mars the "second home" of mankind in the future. Michael Meyer, a senior scientist in astrobiology at NASA, said: "Transforming Mars has long been a topic in science fiction, but now, some serious scientists have been studying and discussing its possibility."

Traces of water and methane make this transformation possible.

It is reported that in the past few months, the Mars Express spacecraft of the European Space Agency and the Mars rovers Opportunity and Spirit of NASA have both detected clear evidence of water on Mars. At the same time, another group of scientists revealed on the 27th that they found traces of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. Most of this gas is the waste gas discharged by organisms, which is probably the by-product of Martian microorganisms living in Martian soil. Many astronomers admit that Mars can be transformed into a vibrant "small earth" because of the existence of water on Mars, although it may take decades and the incalculable high price of human beings.

Heating Mars is the first step in the transformation.

It is reported that the first step for scientists to "transform Mars" will be to find a way to thicken its atmosphere. At present, the atmospheric pressure on Mars is only 1% of that of the Earth. In addition, scientists will also find ways to warm the surface of Mars. At present, the temperature on the surface of Mars can drop to minus 60 degrees Celsius or even lower. Dr michael kay, a scientist at the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in California, said that heating Mars will be a crucial starting point for human beings to "transform Mars". Only with a thicker and warmer Martian atmosphere will the ice frozen in Martian soil melt and afforestation on Mars be possible.

A voice of opposition

May destroy native life on mars.

However, other scientists are cautious about "transforming Mars". Monica Grady, a planetary scientist at the National Museum of History in London, said: "We know that Mars once had an atmosphere, but somehow it disappeared. If we don't know why, even if we restore the atmosphere of Mars, it will easily disappear again. And human behavior is likely to have brought some destructive results to this planet, which is very irrational. "

Dr Lisa Pratt, an astrobiologist from NASA and Indiana University, holds the same view. She told reporters: "The idea of transforming Mars is likely to pose a great threat to indigenous microorganisms that may exist on Mars.

Pratt said that before life on Mars is finally found, the super experiment of "transforming Mars" by human beings is likely to destroy valuable evidence of the existence of native life on Mars, which is obviously not worth the candle for scientific research.

It is better to protect the earth than to "green" Mars.

In addition, many scientists think that the idea of "transforming Mars" is terrible. Paul Muding of the Astronomical Society of Cambridge University said: "Although the idea of transforming Mars is extreme, it is not crazy. If it's just a stupid idea in science fiction, we can totally laugh it off. But this idea is obviously very realistic, which is why it is very terrible. We are destroying our planet at an incredible speed and discussing how to beautify another planet! " Ireland

Two ways to warm Mars

According to some scientists, heating the surface of Mars and thickening the Martian atmosphere can be done at the same time. One way is to make a huge mirror with a diameter of several miles or even dozens of miles wide and let it hover in the orbit of Mars. This "big mirror" will focus sunlight on the polar ice sheet of Mars, making it melt and releasing frozen carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide gas increases, it can cause the greenhouse effect and warm the surface of Mars.

Another way to heat Mars is to build a "super greenhouse gas factory" on Mars. These super greenhouse gases are compounds composed of carbon, chlorine and fluorine, which are thousands of times more effective than carbon dioxide in creating the greenhouse effect. Such a "super greenhouse gas factory" can be built at various strategic locations on the surface of Mars, so that the temperature of Mars will rise slowly. When the atmosphere on Mars becomes thicker, it can also effectively block the irradiation of space radiation rays on the surface of Mars, thus providing a reliable barrier for future terrestrial creatures to "immigrate" to Mars.

Understanding Mars and Transforming Mars

On October 4 and 25, 2004/kloc-0, 65438+, the American Mars probes Spirit and Opportunity landed successfully on the Gusev Crater and Meridian Plain on the surface of Mars, respectively, and their series of exploration activities aroused great interest. 1after the successful landing on the moon on July 20, 969, can Mars become the planet where humans landed and turn it into an immigrant area? Mars is very attractive and has become the focus of people's research and attention.

In short, Mars

Mars, the meaning of God of War in Greek mythology, is one of the nine planets in the solar system, ranking fourth in the order from near to far from the sun, about 65.438+0.9 billion kilometers away from the earth. Compared with the Earth, the mass of Mars is less than 1/9 of that of the Earth, and its radius is only 1/2 of that of radius of the earth. But Mars is similar to Earth in many aspects: its rotation period is 24 hours, 39 minutes and 22 seconds, and 1 Mars Day is only 4 1 minute 19 seconds longer than1Earth Day. The axial inclination of Mars is almost the same as that of the Earth, so Mars also has four seasons. The temperature is lower than that of the earth, and the living conditions are far worse than that of the earth. The obvious difference between Mars and the Earth is that the period of revolution of Mars is almost twice that of the Earth, and each season on Mars lasts for six months instead of three months.

Mars is the only earth-like planet that can be clearly seen through a telescope. Through a telescope, Mars looks like an orange ball. With the change of seasons, white polar caps appear in the north and south poles. Space exploration shows that there are still traces of the great flood on Mars. Scientists speculate that Mars was once warm and humid, and there may have been life.

Because there are signs of polar cap and water on the surface of Mars, these signs are the main factors leading to the origin of life. Therefore, whether there is life on Mars and whether it can be transformed into a planet suitable for human habitation has always attracted scientists' exploration and research. In order to find the answer to this question, people have shown great interest in Mars.

Cold radiation on Mars

The Mars probes "Courage" and "Opportunity" launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States carried out unprecedented scientific exploration activities on Mars after landing on Mars. For example, the detector uses a rock grinding tool, which can grind the surface of a large rock, which is much more advanced than the sampling and analysis technology used in previous detection. At that time, the Viking probe in the United States only sampled and analyzed the surface soil, and the Mars Pathfinder only crushed small stones and then conducted on-site analysis.

The grinding tool that landed on Mars this time is powerful, and it can drill holes with a diameter of 45 mm and a depth of 5 mm on the Martian rocks. Expose rocks to new surfaces for scientists to study. The fresh rock surface has not been eroded and irradiated by cosmic rays, which is helpful to reveal the formation and structure of primitive rocks on Mars. The instruments that landed on Mars sent back several images to the earth, which enabled scientists to truly analyze and evaluate the composition of rocks and soil, thus evaluating the possibility of liquid water on ancient Mars and understanding the current ecological situation of Mars.

Happily, after landing in the meridian plain of Mars, Opportunity has been driving in a small crater, focusing on detecting the exposed bedrock of Mars and the rocks on it. The detection results show that the surface of its landing zone was soaked in liquid water in the past, which proves that Mars once had a "water world" and may have had a good environment suitable for life.

After analyzing the recently obtained scientific data, NASA and the Geographical Association of the United States believe that, in addition to proving that there was liquid water on Mars, as far as the current ecological situation is concerned, the conditions that Mars is unfavorable to human survival are very obvious. First, Mars is much colder than the Earth, with an average temperature of-40℃ ~-60℃; Second, there are cosmic high-energy ion radiation and cosmic magnetic field on Mars. Although these rays will not lead to the immediate death of the people who landed on Mars, the radiation received by the people who landed on Mars is about twice that of the astronauts on the International Space Station, and its harm to the human body and thousands of lives may be chronic. In addition, the gravity of Mars is only 38% of that of the Earth, and the atmospheric pressure is only 1% of that of the Earth.

Traveling to Mars is a long way.

Human beings are smart and intelligent groups, and human beings have always said that conditions must be created without conditions. So, what conditions can be created for humans to move to Mars?

From June 5, 2000 to 10, researchers from different disciplines held a seminar on "Physics and Biology of Making Mars a Habitat" at the Ames Research Center of NASA in California. At the meeting, Professor Cherish McKay of the Space Development Research Center of the United States discussed the related research results of him and his colleagues.

At the meeting, the experts gained the knowledge that the search for Martian creatures should be completed before the huge project of transforming Mars is started. At the meeting, participants discussed the application of "super greenhouse gas" and proposed planting coniferous forest trees on Mars and carrying out biological genetic modification to make Mars globalized as soon as possible.

Interestingly, in order to restore the warmth of Mars, McKay proposed to set up many mirrors in the orbit of Mars, which are 90 kilometers apart, and use these mirrors to reflect sunlight to Mars. The sun's light and heat melt the ice sheet at the South Pole of Mars, and create greenhouse gases on the surface of Mars, or let a large number of meteorites filled with greenhouse gases such as ammonia and methane fall to the surface of Mars. In this way, the average temperature of cold Mars rises to freezing point, which is helpful for the growth of plants. The massive reproduction and growth of plants can generate enough oxygen. After hundreds or even thousands of years, Mars will have an atmosphere suitable for human breathing, and then Mars will become an ideal habitat for human beings. As McKay said, the attraction of Mars is not only now, but also in the distant future! (Wang Xianzhong)?

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