Information introducing the characteristics of Wuhan

Overview of Wuhan

Wuhan is a municipality under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province and the capital of Hubei Province. It is located on the eastern edge of the Jianghan Plain, at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Han River. It is 1,190 kilometers away from the capital Beijing in the north. It is between 113°41′～115°05′ east longitude and 29°58′～31°22′ north latitude. It borders Huanggang City, Ezhou City and Daye City to the east, Xianning City, Jiayu County and Honghu City to the south, Xiantao City and Hanchuan City to the west, and Xiaogan City, Hong'an County and Macheng City to the north. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 155 kilometers, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 134 kilometers. The total area under its jurisdiction is 8,467 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 3,963.6 square kilometers and the urban built-up area is 202 square kilometers. It currently governs 11 districts and 2 counties including Jiang'an District, Jianghan District, Qiaokou District, Hanyang District, Wuchang District, Qingshan District, Hongshan District, Caidian District, Jiangxia District, Dongxihu District, Hannan District, Huangpi County and Xinzhou County. . The total population is 7.159 million, of which 3.821 million are urban residents. The residents are mainly Han nationality. The terrain is a residual hilly river-lake alluvial plain, with hills, lakes and plains alternating with each other. The small mountainous area in the north is the remnant of the Dabie Mountains. The altitude is 19.2~873.7 meters. The water surface of rivers (rivers) and lakes accounts for 25% of the total area. The main rivers include the Yangtze River, Han River, Yishui River, Fu River, Doushui River, Jiushui River, Jinshui River, Dongjing River, etc. The larger lakes include Liangzi Lake, Zhangdu Lake, Tangxun Lake, East Lake, etc. Two rows of low mountains running east-west and the Yangtze River running north-south form a vertical axis in the urban area. The Yangtze River and Hanshui River divide the urban area into three parts: Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang, forming a unique urban pattern of "three towns standing on top of each other". It has a typical subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. The average annual precipitation is 1284 mm, and precipitation is relatively concentrated from June to August. The annual average temperature is 16.4℃. The high temperature lasts for a long time in summer, with the extreme maximum temperature being 41.3℃ and the minimum temperature being -18.1℃.

Overview of Wuhan 2

Geographical conditions

Wuhan is a municipality under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province and the capital of Hubei Province. It is located on the eastern edge of the Jianghan Plain, at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Han River. It is 1,190 kilometers away from the capital Beijing in the north. It is between 113°41′～115°05′ east longitude and 29°58′～31°22′ north latitude. It borders Huanggang City, Ezhou City and Daye City to the east, Xianning City, Jiayu County and Honghu City to the south, Xiantao City and Hanchuan City to the west, and Xiaogan City, Hong'an County and Macheng City to the north. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 155 kilometers, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 134 kilometers. The total area under its jurisdiction is 8,467 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 3,963.6 square kilometers and the urban built-up area is 202 square kilometers. It currently governs 11 districts and 2 counties including Jiang'an District, Jianghan District, Qiaokou District, Hanyang District, Wuchang District, Qingshan District, Hongshan District, Caidian District, Jiangxia District, Dongxihu District, Hannan District, Huangpi County and Xinzhou County. . The total population is 7.159 million, of which 3.821 million are urban residents. The residents are mainly Han nationality. The terrain is a residual hilly river-lake alluvial plain, with hills, lakes and plains alternating with each other. The small mountainous area in the north is the remnant of the Dabie Mountains. The altitude is 19.2~873.7 meters. The water surface of rivers (rivers) and lakes accounts for 25% of the total area. The main rivers include the Yangtze River, Han River, Yishui River, Fu River, Doushui River, Jiushui River, Jinshui River, Dongjing River, etc. The larger lakes include Liangzi Lake, Zhangdu Lake, Tangxun Lake, East Lake, etc. Two rows of low mountains running east-west and the Yangtze River running north-south form a vertical axis in the urban area. The Yangtze River and Hanshui River divide the urban area into three parts: Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang, forming a unique urban pattern of "three towns standing on top of each other". It has a typical subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. The average annual precipitation is 1284 mm, with precipitation relatively concentrated from June to August. The annual average temperature is 16.4℃. The high temperature lasts for a long time in summer, with the extreme maximum temperature being 41.3℃ and the minimum temperature being -18.1℃.

Historical evolution

The Shang Dynasty was controlled by the Central Plains Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the State of E, the State of Yun and the State of Chu. It belonged to Nanjun in the Qin Dynasty, and in the Han Dynasty it belonged to Shaxian County, Jiangxia County, Jingzhou. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, Wuhan became a battleground for military strategists. Castles began to form in the current main urban area and became the regional political center. Hanyang was built as a moon city at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it belonged to Shaxian County, Runan County, and Chuanyang County. In the early Sui Dynasty, Hanyang County was changed to Hanyang County, so it was named "Hanyang". From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it was successively called Mianzhou. , Hanyang Army, Hanyang Mansion and Hanyang County Government. Wuchang built Xiakou City in the second year of Wu Huangwu (223) during the Three Kingdoms period, and was initially governed by Wujiang Xiajun. In the Jin Dynasty, it was the administrative seat of Jingzhou, Shaxian County, and Jiangxia County. Later, it was the governor of Yingzhou in the Southern Dynasties, Ezhou in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Ezhou Road in the Song Dynasty, Zhongshu Province and Wuchang Road in Yuanhu Guangxing, Minghu Guangcheng Xuanzongxuan, Qinghuguang Governor, and Hubei Fan They were the administrative offices of various departments, Wuchang Prefecture in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the administrative offices of Jiangxia County in various dynasties, as well as the seat of the Prince of Ming and Chu. In 1898, Zhang Zhidong approved the establishment of Xiakou Hall, and Hankou was officially separated from Hanyang and became an independent administrative region. In 1912, the government of the Republic of China changed Jiangxia County to Wuchang County and Xiakou County to Xiakou County. The three towns began to form a tripartite structure at the same level. In 1926, the National Government established Wuchang City and Hankou Special City, and Hanyang County was affiliated to Hankou Special City. On New Year's Day of the following year, the National Government moved its offices to Hankou, and the three towns were combined to establish Wuhan City, called "Jingzhao District". Spin and divide. After 1949, the three towns were renamed Wuhan City. In the 1950s, it was a municipality directly under the Central Government, the seat of the Central and South Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central and South Administrative Commission (originally named the Central and South Military and Political Commission), the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Hubei Provincial Government. It is now the capital of Hubei Province.

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City Characteristics

Wuhan was a prosperous commercial port in ancient China and the center of the modern democratic revolution. It has preserved a very rich historical and cultural heritage and has formed a unique character over the long history. The dialect is "Han dialect" and it was listed as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council in 1986. Wuhan is located at the crossroads of north-south and east-west transportation. Since ancient times, it has been the intersection of cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the South, and the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Its history and culture contain the characteristics of each culture. There are 230 cultural relics protection units at all levels in the city, including 4 national key cultural relics protection units and 62 provincial-level cultural relics protection units. The history of its urban civilization began in the middle of the Shang Dynasty, and it is a gathering place for ancient and modern humanities. Famous ancient Chinese cultural figures such as Qu Yuan, Zhang Heng, Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Yue Fei, Li Shizhen, etc. all left their footprints here. Wuhan was a famous commercial port in the Southern Dynasties. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it developed into a commercial city with prosperous commerce and developed water transportation. When Hankou rose in the Qing Dynasty, it became one of the "four famous towns" in the country and a material distribution center in central China. The sea route leads to Sichuan, Guizhou, Henan, Shaanxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, so it is known as the "thorough of nine provinces". In modern times, Wuhan was opened as a commercial port to the outside world. Britain, Russia, France, Germany and Japan successively established concessions. Britain, Russia, the United States, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Mexico and other countries successively established concessions in Hankou. consulate. Especially after the Westernization Movement, modern industry and education emerged in Wuhan, shipping directly went overseas, and the Lu (Beijing)-Han and Guangdong-Han railways were connected here, and it developed into a prosperous modern industrial and commercial metropolis. Since the 20th century, it has become the center of the Revolution of 1911, the National Revolution (Great Revolution), and the center of the national anti-Japanese and national salvation movement in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War. Therefore, it is also a famous revolutionary city with an important political status. It has now become the economic, financial, trade, scientific, educational and information center of central China.

City status

Wuhan is an important industrial base and transportation and communication hub in the country, the largest comprehensive central city in the inland and an open city along the river, and a national comprehensive supporting reform pilot city. In 1996, the GDP was 78.21 billion yuan. The city currently has 40,427 industrial enterprises, including 33 industrial categories such as metallurgy, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electronics and electrical, food, clothing, electricity, transportation equipment manufacturing, and building materials, and has formed steel, automobiles, electromechanical, high-tech technology and other four pillar industries. The annual total industrial output value is 101.27 billion yuan. The city's cultivated land area is 225,000 hectares. Agricultural production has grown steadily, and forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and other industries and rural non-agricultural industries have risen rapidly. The agricultural products are mainly grain, cotton and oil, with vegetables, livestock and poultry, and aquatic products accounting for a large proportion. The annual agricultural output value is 10.98 billion yuan. The urban green coverage rate is 31.6%. Wuhan is one of the top ten railway hubs in the country. Its main external trunk lines include the Beijing-Guangzhou Line, Handan-Danzhou Line, Wuhan University Line and the Beijing-Kowloon Connection Line. The comprehensive capacity of waterway shipping ranks first in the country's inland rivers and it is an important water-land transport hub. The highways are based on National Highways 107, 316, 318 and 106, forming a highway network extending in all directions, with a highway mileage of 2826.5 kilometers. Wuhan Tianhe International Airport is an aviation hub in central China. The city's total freight turnover of all types of transportation is 79 billion ton-kilometers, and the total passenger transport turnover is 19.3 billion person-kilometers. The Wuhan Post Office is the postal dispatch center for the seven provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. Wuhan Telecommunications Bureau is one of the eight major long-distance communication hubs in China, with a total telephone capacity of 1.707 million and a telephone penetration rate of 27.7%. Wuhan has developed commerce, with a sales network based on a number of very large commercial enterprises and professional wholesale markets such as Wuhan Shopping Mall, Zhongnan Commercial Building, and Hanyang Shopping Mall, with a total retail sales of consumer goods of 38 billion yuan. The foreign trade import and export volume was US$1.4 billion, and the total import and export goods under Wuhan Customs supervision was US$2.82 billion. In 1996, it received 210,000 overseas tourists. Municipal infrastructure and urban landscape have been significantly improved in recent years. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, a number of major urban infrastructures such as Wuhan Airport, the Second Yangtze River Bridge, and Wuhan Passenger Port were successively built. The height of buildings such as Wuhan International Trade Center and Hankou Commercial City reached 200 meters. above. In order to adapt to the situation of reform and opening up and the rapid development of modern high technology, on the basis of the 12 industrial zones that were originally opened successively, 4 new industrial zones were opened, including the East Lake High-tech Development Zone and the Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone. Wuhan is the education center in central China. It now has 35 full-time colleges and universities, and its comprehensive strength in science and technology education ranks among the top in the country. Primary education is basically universal, and secondary vocational education is booming. Wuhan is also an important scientific research base in my country, with more than 100 independent research institutions. Culture and sports have also developed in an all-round way. ?

Overview of Wuhan’s administrative divisions and historical evolution

The city’s total: 16 municipal districts and 2 counties (as of December 31, 2002)

City Jurisdiction: Dongcheng District, County (Miyun Town)

Wuhan is the capital of the Republic of China and a world-famous historical and cultural city. It is the political, economic, transportation and cultural center of the country. China's splendid culture and art are gathered here, leaving behind many historical sites and cultural landscapes.

The earliest name for Wuhan found in literature is Ji.

In the 11th century BC, Ji State was a vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty that ruled northern China. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), Yan, another feudal state located in the southwest of Ji Kingdom, engulfed Ji and moved its capital to Jicheng. From then on, Jicheng remained the capital of Yan until the Yan State was destroyed by the powerful Qin State in 226 BC. According to research by archaeologists, Jicheng was located in the southwest of the current urban area of ??Wuhan.

In 938 AD, Jicheng became the capital of Liao. The Liao Dynasty was founded by the Khitan people, a minority group that emerged in northeastern China. Because Ji was located in the southern part of the territory under its jurisdiction, it was renamed Nanjing and also called Yanjing. More than a century later, the Jin Dynasty established by another minority group, the Jurchens, destroyed Liao and moved its capital to Yanjing in 1153, renamed Zhongdu. In 1214, the Jin Dynasty was attacked by the emerging Mongolian army and was forced to move its capital to Bianjing (today's Kaifeng, Henan). The next year, the Mongolian cavalry occupied the central capital. In 1267, the Mongolian leader Kublai Khan ordered a new city to be built on the northeastern outskirts of Zhongdu. Four years later, the leader ascended the throne of emperor in the capital city under construction and established the Yuan Dynasty in Chinese history. In 1276, the new city was completely built. This was the Italian traveler Marco. In his travel notes, Polo called the capital of the Yuan Dynasty "unparalleled in the world". From then on, Wuhan replaced the status of ancient capitals such as Chang'an, Luoyang, and Bianliang and became China's political center, which lasted until the Ming and Qing dynasties. On October 10, 1911, the bourgeois democratic revolution broke out in China, and the Qing emperor was forced to abdicate in February of the following year. At this point, China's last feudal dynasty collapsed, and Wuhan's history as an imperial capital came to an end.

In the following 30 years, Wuhan went through many hardships: first, the continuous warlord wars made the imperial capital weak and dilapidated; in 1937, the Japanese invaders invaded, and the ancient city suffered in blood and fire for 8 years. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government took over the city. Suffering, humiliation, blood and tears finally made the people fight. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, Wuhan became the capital of the new Republic of China, and the history of the ancient city opened a new page. The history of a city is the history of a country. Wuhan, the imperial capital for generations and the capital of China today, is a microcosm of China's history and current situation. Wuhan is ancient, but at the same time it is an ancient city full of beauty and youth. Wuhan is appearing in the world with a majestic, beautiful, fresh and modern attitude.

Overview of Wuhan’s administrative divisions and historical evolution

The city’s total: 16 municipal districts and 2 counties (as of December 31, 2002)

Municipal districts ：Dongcheng District (Miyun Town)

Wuhan is the capital of the Republic of China and a world-famous historical and cultural city. It is the political, economic, transportation and cultural center of the country. China's splendid culture and art are gathered here, leaving behind many historical sites and cultural landscapes.

The earliest name for Wuhan found in literature is Ji. In the 11th century BC, Ji State was a vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty that ruled northern China. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), Yan, another feudal state located in the southwest of Ji Kingdom, engulfed Ji and moved its capital to Jicheng. From then on, Jicheng remained the capital of Yan until the Yan State was destroyed by the powerful Qin State in 226 BC. According to research by archaeologists, Jicheng was located in the southwest of the current urban area of ??Wuhan.

In 938 AD, Jicheng became the capital of Liao. The Liao Dynasty was founded by the Khitan people, a minority group that emerged in northeastern China. Because Ji was located in the southern part of the territory under its jurisdiction, it was renamed Nanjing and also called Yanjing. More than a century later, the Jin Dynasty established by another minority group, the Jurchens, destroyed Liao and moved its capital to Yanjing in 1153, renamed Zhongdu. In 1214, the Jin Dynasty was attacked by the emerging Mongolian army and was forced to move its capital to Bianjing (today's Kaifeng, Henan). The next year, the Mongolian cavalry occupied the central capital. In 1267, the Mongolian leader Kublai Khan ordered a new city to be built on the northeastern outskirts of Zhongdu. Four years later, the leader ascended the throne of emperor in the capital city under construction and established the Yuan Dynasty in Chinese history. In 1276, the new city was completely built. This was the Italian traveler Marco. In his travel notes, Polo called the capital of the Yuan Dynasty "unparalleled in the world". From then on, Wuhan replaced the status of ancient capitals such as Chang'an, Luoyang, and Bianliang and became China's political center, which lasted until the Ming and Qing dynasties. On October 10, 1911, the bourgeois democratic revolution broke out in China, and the Qing emperor was forced to abdicate in February of the following year. At this point, China's last feudal dynasty collapsed, and Wuhan's history as an imperial capital came to an end.

In the following 30 years, Wuhan went through many hardships: first, the continuous warlord wars made the imperial capital weak and dilapidated; in 1937, the Japanese invaders invaded, and the ancient city suffered in blood and fire for 8 years. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government took over the city. Suffering, humiliation, blood and tears finally made the people fight. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, Wuhan became the capital of the new Republic of China, and the history of the ancient city opened a new page. The history of a city is the history of a country. Wuhan, the imperial capital for generations and the capital of China today, is a microcosm of China's history and current situation.

Wuhan is ancient, but at the same time it is an ancient city full of beauty and youth. Wuhan is appearing in the world with a majestic, beautiful, fresh and modern attitude.

Natural Geography of Wuhan Overview

Introduction to Wuhan City: Beijing for short. The capital of the People's Republic of China. It is a world-famous ancient city with a long history. It is located on the northwest edge of the North China Plain, about 150 kilometers southeast from the Bohai Sea. It covers an area of ??more than 16,800 square kilometers. The city's total population is 14.927 million. There are Jundu Mountain in the north and Xishan Mountain in the west. The mountainous areas account for 62% of the city's area; the southeast is a plain formed by the alluvial deposits of Yongding River, Chaobai River and other rivers, and gently slopes towards the Bohai Sea. The mountains have various minerals such as coal and iron, as well as fine building materials such as granite and marble.

Geography and landforms: The city center of Wuhan is located at 39 degrees north latitude and 116 degrees east longitude. It occupies the northern end of the North China Plain. Wuhan is surrounded by mountains to the west, north and northeast, and to the southeast is a large plain that gently slopes toward the Bohai Sea. The altitude of the Wuhan Plain is 20 to 60 meters, and the mountains are generally 1,000 to 1,500 meters above sea level. Dongling Mountain at the border with Hebei is 2,303 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Wuhan City. Five major rivers run through the territory, mainly Chaobai River and Beiyun River in the east, and Yongding River and Juma River in the west. The terrain of Wuhan is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The west is the Xishan Mountains of the Taihang Mountains, and the north is the Jundu Mountains of the Yanshan Mountains. The two mountains intersect at Nankoguangou, forming a large semicircular mountain bend that spreads to the southeast. People call it the "Wuhan Bend". The small plain is the Wuhan small plain. Looking at the topography of Wuhan, it is surrounded by mountains and sea, and the situation is majestic. As the ancients said: "The land of Youzhou is surrounded by the sea on the left, Taihang on the right, Juyong on the north, and Heji on the south. It is a land of abundance."

Land area: Wuhan’s land area is 16,807.8 square kilometers. Among them, the plain area is 6390.3 square kilometers, accounting for 38%. The mountainous area covers an area of ??10,417.5 square kilometers, accounting for 62%. The urban area is 87.1 square kilometers. The area of ??the inner suburbs is 1,282.8 square kilometers and the outer suburbs are 3,198 square kilometers. The county's area is 12,239.9 square kilometers. Urban planning scope: Dingfuzhuang in the east, Shijingshan in the west, Nanyuan in the south, Qinghe in the north, covering an area of ??750 square kilometers. The city center area (that is, the old city, bounded by the center line of the Second Ring Road to the east and west, and the center line of the moat to the north and south) covers an area of ??62.5 square kilometers.

Climate characteristics: Wuhan’s climate is a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summers, cold and dry winters, and short spring and autumn. The annual average temperature is 10~12 degrees Celsius, -7~-4 degrees Celsius in January, and 25~26 degrees Celsius in July. The extreme minimum is -27.4 degrees Celsius, and the extreme maximum is over 42 degrees Celsius. The frost-free period lasts 180 to 200 days throughout the year, and is shorter in the western mountainous areas. The average annual rainfall is more than 600 mm, making it one of the areas with the highest rainfall in North China. The windward slope of the mountain front can reach more than 700 mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven. 75% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in summer, and heavy rains often occur in July and August.