Causes and prevention measures of soil erosion in loess plateau

Introduction to the Loess Plateau The Loess Plateau is the largest loess deposition area in the world. Located in the middle reach

Causes and prevention measures of soil erosion in loess plateau

Introduction to the Loess Plateau The Loess Plateau is the largest loess deposition area in the world. Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is more than 0/000 kilometers from east to west and 700 kilometers from north to south. Including the vast areas west of Taihang Mountain, east of Sun Moon Mountain in Qinghai, north of Qinling Mountain and south of the Great Wall. It spans Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Henan Province, covering an area of about 400,000 square kilometers.

Main features:

1. There are many rivers and gullies in the Loess Plateau, and the gully area accounts for about 50% of the total land area.

2. The Loess Plateau is affected by monsoon climate, and the annual change rate of precipitation is large, and the distribution is uneven during the year.

3. The groundwater in the Loess Plateau is very poor, and the destruction of the environment by human beings intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Protecting water sources and environment has become a major issue in social development.

4. The Loess Plateau is rich in coal resources, and its reserves and output rank first in China.

Causes of soil erosion in loess plateau. Natural causes:

(1) Characteristics of Loess

This area has a deep surface coverage and is a unique loess distribution area in the world. Loess is mainly composed of silt particles, with loose soil, easy to disintegrate when it meets water, easy to be eroded and transported by running water, and easy to form landslides.

(2) Precipitation

Less precipitation and uneven seasonal distribution. In July, August and September, precipitation is concentrated and there are many heavy rains. When there is a rainstorm, mud and sand flow down, and the water flow becomes a rolling mud flow.

(3) Geological topography (providing basic preconditions for soil erosion)

This is one of the earthquake-prone areas. There have been many earthquakes in history. During the earthquake, the loess slope is easy to lose its balance, resulting in landslides, which make the ground more broken, the terrain undulating obviously and the soil erosion further aggravated.

(4) Vegetation (seemingly natural conditions, but actually implies the destruction of vegetation by human activities)

Vegetation has the function of retaining mud and storing water, so there will be no serious soil erosion in places with good vegetation.

2. Man-made reasons: (1) deforestation.

There are a large number of immigrants in Guanzhong area. Vigorously develop agricultural production and return farmland to forests and grasslands.

(2) excessive logging of firewood

(3) shortage of crop rotation and unreasonable farming system

When the topsoil of the land is lost and the fertility is exhausted, people abandon the wasteland and look for other places, so that the original land vegetation is exhausted and cannot be restored.

(4) Mining

Control measures of soil erosion in loess plateau. Returning farmland to forest and grassland: reducing agricultural land, expanding forest and grass planting area, and building shelter forests, economic forests, firewood forests and timber forests according to local conditions;

2. Adjust the land use structure;

3. Strengthen the engineering measures of comprehensive management of small watersheds-damming and silting up land, leveling land, building terraces-biological measures-agricultural technical measures of planting trees and grass-scientific fertilization, fine seed breeding and plastic film mulching;

4. When mining, it is necessary to store topsoil in a planned way and vigorously carry out reclamation work.