Wenchang is the place with the largest number of ethnic minorities.

1. The origin of Minnan culture: Hainan used to be a settlement of Li nationality, and Wenchang was the first stop of Han immigrants in Putian, southern Fujian during the Song Dynasty, so Wenchang belongs to Minnan cultural circle. After that, the Li nationality gradually retreated to Wuzhishan, and the Han nationality gradually rose along the coast. Wenchang is the only place in Hainan where there are no mixed ethnic minorities. The folk proverb "Ding 'an has no sea, Wenchang has no Lebanon" reflects that Wenchang belongs to Hainan's "Lebanon-free area".

Mainly reflected in: Wenchang dialect, Wenchang proverbs, ancestral beliefs, public holidays, Mazu worship, the origin of Hainan surnames, Wenchang traditional Han folk houses (Hainan traditional folk houses), Wenchang murals, the origin of Wenchang place names, doll plays, four-color cards, Qiongju and so on.

2. Lingnan culture (life)

Cause: Located in Lingnan area of China, it is often integrated with Guangfu cultural exchange, and there are certain typical Lingnan cultural elements in life.

Mainly reflected in: leisure and entertainment, tea culture, residential decoration, furniture and so on.

3. Nanyang culture (foreign)

Cause of formation: Southeast Asia tide during the Republic of China, with a large number of overseas Chinese from Wenchang to Southeast Asia. At present, the number of overseas Chinese is more than 6.5438+200,000, distributed in more than 50 countries and regions in the world, with Hainan being the highest, with a population ratio of 2:0.9. Hainan is the hometown of overseas Chinese, and the Nanyang culture brought by overseas Chinese is extremely strong.

Mainly reflected in: Ke Fan, Nanyang costumes, refreshments and cakes, loanwords in Wenchang dialect, exotic crops, arcades, volleyball, etc.

4. Tropical culture (environment)

Cause: Being in the tropics, being influenced by the climate after emigrating from southern Fujian has gradually changed some aspects of life and labor, which is the only cultural embodiment of climate factors among the four major cultures.

Mainly reflected in: the law of work and rest, farming time, crop types, life time concept and so on. 1. Introduction to Dialect

Wenchang dialect (Hainan dialect) is a Minnan language family of Chinese, which is close to Fujian dialect, Chaozhou dialect, Leizhou dialect and Taiwan dialect. Wenchang dialect is regarded as the standard language of Hainan dialect because of its clear pronunciation and great influence. Hainan dialect, represented by Wenchang dialect, is the language used by Hainan Radio and Television Station to broadcast Hainan dialect news and Hainan opera standard singing.

Due to the special geographical location of Hainan Island, Hainan dialect is less interfered by external languages. So far, it proudly retains a large number of ancient Chinese vocabulary and intonation, which can be described as a living fossil of ancient Chinese.

2. Dialect writing

The writing form of Hainan dialect is Chinese characters. You can write whatever you say, and vice versa, that is to say, it is consistent with writing. So it's ancient Chinese, so there are many uncommon words, such as "left out", which means what to do. Read Mi in mandarin and mi in Hainan dialect. The word "left extinction" in Hainan dialect is also pronounced as dod mi. More such as "rice chopsticks" (chopsticks), waste (cockroaches), kitchen (kitchen), grandfather (man) and so on. Wenchang clogs

Wenchang clogs have a long history. At first, it was shaped like a small stool nailed with wooden boards, and the two feet of the upper touching the ground were called fangs. Because of the small contact area of fangs, they can adapt to muddy roads or rainy days, and people are not easy to slip. Later, due to the needs of life, clogs carved from a whole piece of wood into slippers gradually appeared.

There are many kinds of clogs in Wenchang, including those of Azadirachta indica, those of Guchang and those of Fu Jiang. Especially, clogs made of Azadirachta indica are beautifully painted, because the wood of Azadirachta indica is light and durable. It is really wonderful to take the first step.

Wenchang has the habit of wearing clogs, especially before the founding of the People's Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the improvement of people's living standards, although clogs were gradually eliminated and replaced by cloth shoes, leather shoes and plastic shoes, they still like to wear clogs in urban and rural areas. With the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, Wenchang Clogs spread abroad, especially to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia.

Cup dance

Cup dance is a folk dance with a long history in Wenchang. In the folk, every Lantern Festival, with lanterns cruising to every household for fun, small literary teams are active in every corner of the countryside, which is very lively.

Cup dance, with cups, plates, chopsticks and spoons as props, takes the posture of using cups, plates, chopsticks and spoons as the basic movement of the dance, and dances frequently with the rhythm of hitting cups, plates and spoons. Dancers: Sheng, Dan and Ugly. Props used: the protagonist holds two small glasses in one hand, the horn holds a plate in the other hand, chopsticks in the other hand, and the clown holds four or six spoons in the other hand.

wall painting

Wenchang people pay more attention to the decoration of houses and have always had the custom of painting murals when building houses. The mural layout of Wenchang residential buildings is generally painted on the upper and both ends of the gatehouse, the herringbone eaves of the veranda of the main hall, the upper wall, door arch and window arch on the west side of the main hall gate, which makes the whole house more elegant and solemn.

Murals are widely used and have a strong local flavor. People like to draw folk mascots at home, such as magpies climbing plum blossoms on the main gallery; Pine, bamboo and plum symbolizing noble morality; In Happy Ever After, it means goldfish and begonia, as well as lotus and carp. On the west wall of the main hall gate, there is a picture of "a lion playing with a ball". On the arch of the window door, pine crane grass symbolizing longevity and the so-called rich shepherd Dan flower are often painted. People with window shapes like to carve the word "Xi". Many murals in residential buildings are paper-paste reliefs, which are lifelike and lifelike.

People are accustomed not to draw figure paintings in residential murals. Figure paintings are common in ancestral temples, such as dragons, phoenixes and unicorns. There are myths and legends, drama stories, woodcutter who cuts wood, fisherman who wears a hat, and shepherd boy who rides on the back of cattle. There are birds and animals, flowers and birds, insects and fish, landscape pavilions and so on.

The lasting color of these murals is mainly due to the preparation of pigments. In the past, the pigment used by folk mural artists was a natural color powder stone, which was mixed with rice wine and brown sugar. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the decoration of houses has become very important. In order to adapt to this situation, folk mural artists not only inherited the high branches of traditional painters, but also made innovations. In addition, they also worked hard on color, using poster color, red, peacock orchid.

the Lantern Festival

Sending lanterns at Wenchang Lantern Festival is a traditional project. On the fifteenth night of the first month, people hold lanterns (the whole lantern can see 72 words "happiness" and 36 words "longevity". The front of the lamp is printed with auspicious words such as "the way to make money" and "the birth of your son", or the scenery of people who miss the past). A "lantern master" led the team along the village, beating gongs and drums, setting off firecrackers, and then went to the public temple not far from the village. As soon as the lights are hung, people flock to grab the flower-picking lights.

Public period

"Public Sacrifice" is a local cultural custom in Hainan, and it is also an annual regional activity to worship the gods. This kind of activity is not only in Hainan, but also in Yunnan and parts of Guangdong and Guangxi, and the "public holiday" in Hainan is the most distinctive.

In fact, the word "public period" is mainly used in Wenchang area, and most areas in Hainan are generally called "Junpo". The essence is the same thing, but the name is different. On the contrary, some Wenchang people don't know what a "military slope" is, while people in other parts of Hainan and Yunnan and Guangzhou generally understand what a "public period" is. Because Wenchang is a special place in Hainan, it is the first stop for most mainlanders to immigrate to Hainan, and it is also one of the main cultural birthplaces in Hainan. "Qigong" is the elegant name of "Junpo". National level

(Applicable to this Municipality) Nanhai Waterway passes through the puppet show (Wenchang Doll Show) and the coconut carving in the eastern suburbs is all over the country.

(Haikou application) Qiongju is from other provinces.

(Application of this Municipality) Wenchang Cup Dance Wenchang Chicken Breeding and Cooking Skills Coconut Carving at the Provincial Level

(Haikou Shen Lun) Hainanfen Hainan Eight-tone Musical Instrument Tianhou Worship (Mazu Belief) Others

(Incomplete statistics) Wenchang mural Wenchang dialect (ancient Chinese and loanwords) written by Wu Fafeng hainan mahjong Wenchang nine-person volleyball play Penglai rice basket Wenchang Diecha midpoint Wenchang Diecha West Point Lantern Festival to send lights to snow (sacrifice) Gongdie Tea Shop before worshipping the sea Wenchang modern residential design layout four-color board (ten lines) skills Cai Qiong Wenchang banquet first course "Family photo" cooking skills Bao Luofen Wenchang clogs Wenchang folk proverb