Where do East, West, Nanyang and Beiyang refer to?

1, Toyo or Toyo represents Japan in the cultural circle of Chinese characters, which can be used as another name for the word Japan. This word was invented in Japan, which mainly translates the English word "Orient" (meaning the East), and its meaning is opposite to that of "Western", which refers to the eastern region including Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia.

Japan is also called Toyo, Fusang and Japan. There are many pronunciations of the word "Japan" in Japanese, and the Japanese usually refer to "にっぽん" (? Nippon) or "にほん" (? Nihon), but until the 20th century, the Japanese government has not stipulated the standard pronunciation of the word Japan; So the two reading methods coexist.

Because Japan is located in the ocean east of China, it is also called "Japan" or "East" in Chinese.

2. The West is a geographical concept centered on China in ancient China, and the West in Ming Dynasty refers to Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean coastal area west of Brunei today. This is the meaning of "Zheng He's voyages to the West" and "peep show", and the west in a broad sense also includes Europe and other places. ?

3. Beiyang: Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, near the Korean Peninsula. Such as Beiyang navy, Beiyang warlord, Beiyang government and Beiyang minister of trade. These words all originated from the military and commercial activities of a political force with Li Hongzhang as its founder in Beiyang area. ?

4. Nanyang was the name of Southeast Asia in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was a concept centered on China. Include Malay Archipelago, Philippine Archipelago and Indonesian Archipelago, as well as the coastal areas of Indian zhina Peninsula and Malay Peninsula. During the Qing Dynasty, the coastal area south of Jiangsu was also called "Nanyang" (the coastal area north of Jiangsu was called Beiyang).

Extended data

The concept of Nanyang corresponds to the West Sea, the East China Sea and the North Sea. The west refers to the Indian Ocean area west of the Straits of Malacca, including Europe or beyond. The Qing dynasty once referred to European and American countries. The east refers to Japan in particular.

China has the names of Xiamen Nanyang College and Nanyang Model Middle School. Southeast Asian names such as Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Some enterprises also use the word Nanyang.

Nanyang Islands refers to Indonesia Islands.

In ancient China, the Han nationality began to emigrate to Nanyang. During the Ming Dynasty and after its demise, a large number of Han immigrants flooded into this area to make a living and settle down, which was called "going to Nanyang" in history. The Han nationality established a series of political power.

There are still a few people who still call Southeast Asia Nanyang, but very few.

Oriental is a concept of geographical region in ancient China. The name of Toyo comes from the East China Sea in the Song Dynasty.

In Chen Yuan Dazhen's Records of Dade Nanhai, the oriental ocean is divided into two parts: the Great East Ocean and the Small East Ocean. Ocean refers to "the sea area between kalimantan island and Australia"; The small ocean refers to "the sea area between the Philippine Islands and kalimantan island".

The Japanese side believes that the geographical scope of the eastern ocean is roughly east of the South China Sea, while the western ocean is west of the South China Sea. The geographical dividing line between the east and the west is the South China Sea.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the word West was used to refer to European and American countries, which is equivalent to the meaning of "Western world (excluding Japan)" today.

Western concepts correspond to the concepts of the East and Nanyang. Nanyang refers to Southeast Asia, and the East refers to Japan.

The theory of Beiyang first appeared in the Song Dynasty, mainly referring to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Later, during the period from 179 1 to 182 1 in the Qing Dynasty, with Wusongkou in Shanghai as the boundary, all ports north of the Yangtze River were Beiyang, which was a regional concept including Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhili.

The existence of Beiyang stems from its political factors, and it is the existence of Li Hongzhang, Yuan Shikai and others and their established sphere of influence.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Nanyang

Baidu Encyclopedia-West

Baidu Encyclopedia-Dongyang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Beiyang