What country is called "American Garden"?

Independence day: 182 1 September 15.

National day: 182 1 September 15.

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of about 5: 3. The flag surface consists of five parallel wide strips, which are blue, white, red, white and blue from top to bottom. The national emblem is painted on the left side of the red part. The blue and white colors come from the colors of the original flag of the Central American Federation. 1848 When the Republic of China was founded, the red part was added.

National emblem: It's a coat of arms. There is a rising sun in Ran Ran on the shield, symbolizing the dawn of a new era; Barba Island, Irazu Island and Boaz Island lie between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. There are two white sailboats sailing on the sea, symbolizing the trade between our country and other countries; The seven white five-pointed stars above represent the seven provinces that make up the country, and the white ribbon above the stars says "Costa Rica * * * and the country". At the top of the coat of arms is a blue ribbon with the words "Central America" written in Spanish; On both sides are brown oval leaf patterns, representing the main cash crops such as coffee in the country.

National flower: chlorophytum-(Orchidaceae)

Capital: San Jose with a population of about1420,000.

Time: 6 hours later than GMT; Later than Beijing time 14 hour.

International telephone code: 506

Language: Spanish is the official language.

Currency: Costa Rica Colon

National dignitaries: President oscar arias sanchez was elected in March 2006 and sworn in in in May.

physical geography

[Edit this paragraph]

Costa Rica is located in the isthmus of Central America, north latitude 10 degrees; It borders the Caribbean Sea in the east and the North Pacific Ocean in the west at 84 degrees west longitude, with a coastline of1.290km (21.2km in the eastern Caribbean and 0/.01.6km in the western Pacific).

Costa Rica borders Nicaragua to the north (309 kilometers long) and Panama to the southeast (639 kilometers long). * * * The total area is 5 1 100 square kilometers, including 50,660 square kilometers of territory and 440 square kilometers of territorial waters, slightly smaller than West Virginia in the United States and equivalent to Ireland.

The topography of Costa Rica is: the coast is plain, and the middle is separated by rugged mountains. The state declared that its exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles and its territorial sea is 12 nautical miles. The climate is tropical and subtropical, and some are neotropical.

Human population

[Edit this paragraph]

4.27 million (2007). The official language is Spanish. 95% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Only a few Indians survived the western invasion in Costa Rica, and now there are only 29,000 indigenous people, less than 1% of the total population. /kloc-Black descendants who immigrated from Jamaica in the 0/9th century constitute a minority of about 96,000 people, accounting for 3% of the population. 94% of Costa Rican mixed-race and pure-bred Europeans, and 1% are Chinese.

There are about 65,438+00% Nicaraguans in Costa Rica, most of whom lived in exile during the civil war. The main immigrants are Germans, Poles, Italians and Jews. Nowadays, the number of Indians has increased, which is mainly due to immigration to Colombia to obtain opportunities for agricultural workers. In addition, the number of Colombians, Panamanians and Peruvians has also greatly increased.

history

[Edit this paragraph]

It was originally an Indian residence. 1September 502 18, Columbus discovered Costa Rica. 1564 became a Spanish colony. It is under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Guatemala, the Governor of Spain. 182 1 September 2008 15 declared independence. /kloc-0 joined the central American Federation in 823, and/kloc-0 withdrew in 838. 1848 On August 30th, the Republic of China was founded.

/kloc-In the 6th century, the local Mayans and Aztecs were conquered by the Spanish, so Costa Rica became the southernmost province of New Spain, with its capital in cartago.

Costa Rica temporarily joined Augustine I's Mexican empire and later became a member of the Central American Union Province. 1824, the capital moved to San Jose, and Costa Rica became an independent country on 1940s.

Costa Rica has escaped many troubles that hit Central American countries. Unlike some neighboring countries, Costa Rica is a model of stability, peace and democratic governance. /kloc-In the late 20th century, two brief violent activities persecuted the development of democracy. 1948 after the civil war, Costa Rican president josé figueres Jose Figueres Ferrer announced the dissolution of the army and incorporated it into the 1949 constitution. Since then, Costa Rica has entered a rare democratic pattern without military intervention.

politics

[Edit this paragraph]

182 1 year1February The Constitution stipulates that the President is the head of state and government, elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years, and cannot be re-elected. The House of Representatives is a unicameral system called the "Legislative Assembly". It is composed of 57 members with a term of four years. The speaker is re-elected once a year. 1950, Costa Rica's constitution stipulates the dissolution of the army, and the absence of an army is the characteristic of this country.

Costa Rica is a democratic republic with a strong system of constitutional checks and balances. The administrative responsibility belongs to the president, who is the power center of the country. The country has two vice presidents and a cabinet of 15 people, including one vice president. The President and 57 members of the Legislative Assembly are elected for a term of four years. The constitutional amendment approved by 1969 limits the term of office of the President and members of the Legislative Council to one term. However, former legislators can participate in elections every other term. At present, it is proposed to amend the constitution and let the president be re-elected. At the same time, some people in the Legislative Council questioned whether the law prohibiting the president from re-election was unconstitutional. In April 2003, after a heated debate, the Legislative Council formally confirmed the legal provisions prohibiting any president from seeking re-election at any time after the end of his term. According to this resolution, Oscar Arias (? Scarrias) (1987 Nobel Peace Prize winner), it is unconstitutional to run again in the upcoming government election in 2006. Arias is an advocate of free trade. He supports the free trade treaty signed with the United States. The signing of this treaty is extremely controversial, and the intensity of the controversy can lead to a national demonstration. Costa Rica elects members of the Legislative Yuan in proportion.

Autonomous Prefecture organs enjoy considerable operational autonomy, including the exclusive right to use telecommunications and electricity, the independence of nationalized commercial banks, the monopoly of state insurance and the independence of social insurance intermediaries.

The governors of seven provinces are appointed by the president, but they have little power. There is no independent legislature in this province. According to the Constitution, Costa Rica has no army, only the police and security forces maintain domestic security. Costa Rica is the first country in the world without an army.

administrative division

[Edit this paragraph]

Costa Rica has seven provinces:

Alajuela (central, northwest of San Jose)

Cartagena, cartago (central, east of San José)

Guanacaste Guanacaste (Northwest)

Jeremiah, Jeremiah (central, north of San Jose)

Limon (East, Caribbean coast)

Punta reinas Punta reinas (west, along the Pacific Ocean)

San Jose (near the capital)

economy

[Edit this paragraph]

Costa Rica's economic development level is among the best in Central America, with a per capita GDP of over $4,600. Colombia is rich in natural resources, with bauxite reserves of about10.50 billion tons, iron reserves of about 400 million tons, coal reserves of about 50 million tons and forest coverage of 600,000 hectares. Its industries are mainly light industry and manufacturing, mainly textiles, instruments, food, wood and chemicals. Agriculture mainly produces traditional products such as coffee, bananas and sugar cane. Costa Rica is the second largest banana exporter in the world, second only to Ecuador. Coffee is the second largest agricultural product in Colombia.

Costa Rica's tourism industry is very developed, and tourism income is one of the main sources of foreign exchange income. Since 1990s, tourism has become the most dynamic industry in Colombia. Tourist attractions include Irazu, Mount Boaz and Spanish colonial cultural sites.

Although Costa Rica is still an agricultural country, it has achieved a high standard of living, land ownership has generally expanded and tourism has flourished.

Costa Rica's economy is mainly tourism, agriculture and the export of electronic components, which began to grow rapidly after the economic depression of 1997. Costa Rica is located in the narrow strip of Central America, in the middle of America. It has direct access to Europe and Asia and can easily enter the American market.

The rapid economic development of Costa Rica benefits from the government's seven-year high-tech development plan. Investment in this country is tax-free, and the national education is in good condition, making it a paradise for investment. Many multinational high-tech companies have begun to export their products.

The currency unit is the Costa Rican krona, and the exchange rate with the US dollar is 450-500, and the exchange rate with the euro is 600.

cultural education

[Edit this paragraph]

Costa Rica has many cultures, and Central America and South America meet here. /kloc-When the Spanish conquered America in the 6th century, the northern part of Costa Rica was the southernmost territory of Mayan civilization, the central and southern parts were the territory of Chibucha people, and the west coast was inhabited by slaves trafficked from Africa in the 7th and 8th centuries. At this time, many China laborers came here to build railways.

Costa Rican music, including Tambito and Ponto, is very unique. For example, "punto guanacasteco" comes from Guanacaste province, while "punto sancarle? O "from San Carlos, Alavera Province. There are many music and legends from northern Costa Rica (once the Maya's sphere of influence) and the Atlantic coast.

The Colombian government has always attached importance to education. All primary and secondary schools are compulsory and 12% of the population can receive higher education. The adult literacy rate is 95.8%, and the education level ranks in the forefront of Latin American countries.

diplomacy

[Edit this paragraph]

Pursue a peaceful foreign policy of "positive, non-military and permanent neutrality" and advocate maintaining friendly relations with people all over the world.

Relations with China: On June 1 2007, China and Costa Rica signed the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between People's Republic of China (PRC) and Costa Rica, and decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level from the date of signing the Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. In 2007 10, President Arias will pay a state visit to China.

The two governments set up embassies on August 23, 2007.

China and Costa Rica have had economic exchanges for a long time. Colombian officials announced in February 2007 that China has become Costa Rica's second largest trading partner. According to the statistics of China Customs, the bilateral trade volume between the two countries in 2006 exceeded 2 1 billion US dollars.