List of great immigrants in Ming dynasty

There is a strong hometown plot in the hearts of China people, especially in ancient China, and the idea of moving to another place is even stronger. However, nine times out of ten, there are often many natural and man-made disasters that made the Lebanese people at that time? Run away? Home, go to other places.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a large number of northern Han people moved south, and the Anshi Rebellion ushered in the south again? Guest? Perhaps the migration of people in ancient China never stopped. During the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Jiangxi people moved to Huguang area to settle down. There are complicated historical reasons behind this phenomenon.

One: The early Ming Dynasty was chaotic, with frequent natural and man-made disasters.

1. War is frequent, suffering is unspeakable, and the people are pitiful.

Before understanding the great migration of Jiangxi in the early Ming Dynasty, let's look at the social chaos in the early Ming Dynasty. The first is frequent wars. Since the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there has been chaos in the world, and countless careerists have gathered together to conquer each other. There are several regimes in Jiangnan alone. Among them, Zhang Shicheng, Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Youliang, Fang Guozhen and others are representative regimes. They conquered each other, and the battle of Poyang Lake alone lost hundreds of thousands of people.

According to the situation of this battle recorded in Ming history, Battle of Longwan, defeat. The tide fell on the ship, not counting the dead, and hundreds of warships died. Take a light kudzu? Regardless of the outcome of the war, it is civilians who are ultimately injured. Frequent wars have made the population of some places reach? Ten don't save one? The point is.

2. The weather is not beautiful, and natural disasters continue.

In the early years of Ming Dynasty, besides frequent wars, there were many large-scale natural disasters. The problem of waterlogging in the south and drought in the north, which has plagued the ancient population of China for thousands of years, has not been solved so far. A slight carelessness in typhoon and flood in southern China may trigger a large-scale refugee tide. Especially in the south of the Yangtze River, the water system is developed, the flood disaster is more serious, and the grain failure is not uncommon.

Here? Eat by the weather? In this background, people's vulnerability is exposed. Not only that, large-scale earthquakes, hail and other disasters occurred from time to time in the Ming Dynasty. In that era when technology and productivity were relatively backward, these natural disasters were undoubtedly fatal. Frequent natural and man-made disasters will inevitably lead to the emergence of large-scale immigrants. During the Ming Dynasty? Jiangxi fills Huguang? It happened in this environment.

Second, love Huguang alone? Ming dynasty? Jiangxi fills Huguang?

1. Jiangxi fills Hubei

After understanding the frequent natural and man-made disasters in the Ming Dynasty, let's talk about the large-scale immigration tide in Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty. Different from the previous vertical migration, Huguang, Jiangxi is an immigration tide in the southern region. First, Hubei filled in Sichuan. At that time, a considerable number of Hubei people moved to Sichuan.

According to Sichuan annals,? Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, there have been many teeth and fireworks in Shu. After the late Ming Dynasty, Ding Kou was as rare as the morning star. ? Chu people entered Sichuan in the Ming Dynasty, which was the origin of Hubei filling Sichuan. Then Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Jiangxi people to move to Hubei to supplement Hubei's population. According to historical research, at that time, 80% of Hubei's population came from Nanchang counties in Jiangxi.

2. Jiangxi fills Hunan

In the early Ming Dynasty, a large-scale migration tide not only moved from Jiangxi to Hubei, but also moved to neighboring Hunan. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the peasant army in Hunan was also one after another. Frequent wars have caused the population of Hunan to shrink rapidly, and large-scale immigration has to be launched from neighboring Jiangxi.

According to the phenomenon of local population composition recorded in Xiangtan Escape Records, The Dingge dynasty poisoned all beings, but the Yuan and Ming dynasties were terrible. There are only a few indigenous families in Xiangtan, and most of the later people came from Zhang Yu. It can be seen that at that time, most of the late population in Xiangtan area came from Poyang Lake area in Jiangxi Province. It is reported that immigrants from Jiangxi account for half of Hunan's population, which is why people in Jiangxi and Huguang later called each other. Cousin? Reason.

3. Leaving home, Jiangxi fills Huguang.

After understanding the migration direction of Jiangxi people in the Ming Dynasty, let's take a look at the migration route of Huguang in Jiangxi at that time. First, Jiangxi fills Hunan. Because the two provinces are adjacent, most people in Jiangxi migrate to Huguang area by land, crossing many mountains and finally reaching the destination Dongting Lake Plain, while those who migrate to Hubei area go upstream along the Yangtze River, wading through countless rivers and reaching the Hanjiang Plain.

T filling in Huguang, Jiangxi Province is a trip for Jiangxi people to leave their hometown. It also laid a solid foundation for the deep friendship between Huguang and Jiangxi people. But Huguang is not the only land of plenty. Why did Jiangxi people choose Huguang at that time?

Third, why did the people in Jiangxi prefer the large-scale immigration in Huguang area in the Ming Dynasty?

1. After years of war, Huguang area is deserted.

After understanding the general situation of filling Huguang in Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty, let's talk about why Jiangxi people chose Huguang. First of all, there are large tracts of barren land in Huguang area. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, peasant uprisings in Huguang area also swarmed and attacked each other. Huguang area is not only the contention point of Chen Youliang, Zhu Yuanzhang and Yuan government, but also the scuffle point of small warlord Peng Like and Yu Ying.

According to the Ming Dynasty, when the rebellion at the end of Yuan Dynasty happened, the Yuan government was not good at it, and thieves were everywhere. He plundered the land and many people. The world is in chaos. Years of melee left the aborigines in Xiangtan Prefecture (Dongting Lake Plain) empty, and a large number of people either died or fled to other places.

After the founding of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty, there were frequent natural and man-made disasters in Huguang area, and people's livelihood was depressed, which provided objective conditions for large-scale migration of immigrants.

According to the tragedy after the flood in Huguang area recorded in Yuan history, Countless people died, and many villages and cities became waste markets. ? There are wars and natural disasters everywhere, and fighting for the king is unsustainable. A large number of fields are barren, and Huguang, which is sparsely populated, is still a potential land of plenty, so people in Jiangxi will leave their homes in the Ming Dynasty and seek better living conditions.

2. With the encouragement of the rulers' policies, ordinary farmers are allowed to insert the standard and occupy the land.

In the ancient feudal dynasty of China, no matter how wise the supreme ruler was, loving the people could not change the exploitation essence of the feudal landlord class. Especially in the middle and late period of a dynasty, the phenomenon of land annexation became more and more serious and became a chronic disease of society. The land of the country was highly concentrated in the hands of a few big landlords.

Take the land annexation in Ming Dynasty as an example. According to the Ming History, the phenomenon of land annexation in Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty said:? The city is vast and fertile, covering several counties in Jiangxi. Nanjing Yangzhou has fertile land and beautiful houses. There are dozens of fertile fields in eight provinces of Guinea, which can be regarded as half a powerful family. And at that time, the government stipulated that land could not be reclaimed at will. In this context, we can see farmers' desire for land.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, satisfied the farmers' desire for land to a certain extent. Zhu Yuanzhang once ordered all parts of the country to reclaim wasteland without limiting the number of acres. The official clothes also provided scalpers and seeds, which were tax-free for three years to encourage people to move from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas.

It can be said that Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of protecting the people not only solved the worries of Jiangxi people moving to Huguang area, but also greatly stimulated the motivation and vitality of immigrants. The rapid economic recovery in Huguang area is closely related to the relevant policies of the rulers.

3. During the Ming Dynasty, the population of Jiangxi was in the forefront of the country.

Jiangxi has been a land of plenty since ancient times, and Poyang Lake Plain is a real land of plenty. Superior natural and geographical conditions allow local people to multiply with peace of mind and the population grows rapidly.

According to relevant historical records, in the early Ming Dynasty, the local population of Jiangxi alone reached120,000, second only to the prosperous Zhejiang at that time, while the population of Huguang area added up to only 4 million. The huge population difference makes the local land situation in Jiangxi increasingly worrying. On the other hand, Huguang area is uncultivated and a large number of fertile fields are abandoned, so the huge population of Jiangxi is the premise and foundation for Jiangxi to fill Huguang.

Huguang and Jiangxi are geographically adjacent.

At that time, there were many lakes and sparsely populated areas. Why do Jiangxi people choose Huguang instead of Sichuan and other places? Huguang may not be the best for the people of Jiangxi at that time, but it must be the most convenient. Immigrants who come to Jiangxi can arrive in ten days if they choose land, but it is extremely convenient if they choose land and move to Hubei by boat. Therefore, Huguang, a world-famous land of fish and rice, which is close to home, has naturally become the first choice for Jiangxi people to migrate.

Four. conclusion

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, natural disasters and man-made disasters continued, especially in Huguang, where white bones were exposed in the wild and there was no crying for thousands of miles. The great migration of Jiangxi people to Huguang has undoubtedly brought vitality and vitality to Huguang. The reason why Jiangxi people prefer Huguang is not only because Huguang has a lot of fertile land and the government's policy support, but also closely related to the huge population size of Jiangxi and the geographical proximity between Huguang and Jiangxi.

refer to

Ming history, Sichuan annals and Yuan history