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When did educated youth go to the countryside?

When did educated youth start to go to the countryside? And what are the reasons that lead to the problem of educated youth going to the countryside?

I found some answers from an article published by Comrade Feng Du in Life for the Aged. The title of Feng's article is: Young Intellectuals Going to the Countryside from the Soviet Union (by China).

Comrade Feng Du wrote in the article: