What is the brief introduction of Guangdong history?

What kind of history and culture does Guangdong have? The natural conditions in the Pearl River Basin are superior, so as early as 654.38+10,000 years ago, "Qujiang Maba people" lived in the Pearl River Basin. Guangdong was the residence of Baiyue nationality in the pre-Qin period. After Qin Shihuang unified China, Nanhai County was established in present-day Guangdong, and Panyu is now Guangzhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, Guangzhou got its name. For the needs of diplomacy and finance, Guangdong has always been an important area for China's overseas cultural and economic exchanges, so there are many foreign cultural colors in Guangdong culture. Compared with other areas in China, Guangdong culture is more inclusive. Due to historical reasons, Guangdong developed late, but in the Ming Dynasty, Guangdong came from behind and became one of the economically developed areas in China. In the late Qing Dynasty, Guangdong became the main source of China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution. Many important historical events in modern history took place here, and many historical figures who changed the fate of China emerged, leaving countless heroic deeds. What is the oldest name in Guangdong? About 654.38+29 million years ago, in the pre-Qin period, the early ancients (Maba people) appeared on the land of Lingnan. During the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, the ancestors of Guangdong who lived here had direct or indirect economic and cultural exchanges with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lingnan and Wu Yuechu had close relations and frequent contacts. The legends of Chuting and Nanwucheng in history reflect the relationship between Lingnan and Chuyue in this period. There is a record of "paying for the South China Sea" in Guoyu Chu Yu Shang, which shows that Lingnan had political ties with Chu at that time. From pre-Qin to Qin and Han dynasties, Guangdong was called Nanyue in ancient times, which was connected with Guangdong, also referred to as Guangdong for short, and generally referred to Lingnan area. Before the Qin Dynasty, Guangdong was a place where Yue people lived together, called Baiyue Land, not a foreign land. Chuting, established in the eighth year of Zhou Yiwang (887 BC), became the center of Guangdong. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Lingnan was unified and a county was established. Guangdong belongs to Nanhai County. In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo was called Nanyue State according to the three counties of Lingnan, with Panyu as its capital, which is now Guangzhou. Guangdong became the center of the South Vietnamese regime. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (BC 1 1 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty returned to South Vietnam. Yuanfeng entered Jiaozhou in the fifth year (BC 106). The secretariat of Jiaozhou was ruled as Guangxin (now Fengkai County), which means "it was widely distributed in Guangdong at the beginning of the year", and this name continued until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After that, the east of Guangxin was assigned to Guangdong, hence the name Guangdong. From the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, in the fifth year of Wu (226), it was divided into the northern part of Hepu, which is now Guangdong, and was designated as Guangzhou. Gold and the southern and northern dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Nanhai County was abolished and set up in Guangzhou. In the first year of Renshou (60 1), Prince Yang Guang was taboo and changed to Zhou Fan. In the third year of Daye (607), Nanhai County was restored to Zhou Fan. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), Guangzhou was restored, initially as the governor's house, and later changed to the governor's house. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Lingnan Road was established. In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), the ambassador of Lingnan Road was changed to the ambassador of Lingnan Province, which only governed the present Guangdong area. In the third year of Xian Tong (862), Lingnan was divided into east and west roads, and now Guangdong belongs to Lingnan East Road. During the Five Dynasties and the end of the Song, Yuan and Tang Dynasties, princes rose, established the Southern Han Kingdom in Lingnan, and abolished Lingnan Road. Guangdong became the center of the Southern Han regime and was directly under the jurisdiction of the Southern Han court. Song Taizu Kaibao four years (97 1), Pingnan Han abandoned the organizational system and rebuilt Lingnan Road. Guangnan East Road was established in the third year of Song to Dao (997), which is the origin of today's "Guangdong Province". In the fifteenth year of Yuan Dynasty (1278), it belonged to Jiangxi Province and set up Xuanwei ambassador in Guangdong Province. From Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Guangdong Road was changed to Guangdong Province in May. Hongwu nine years (1376), in July, Guangdong Province served as the secretary of Guangdong Chengxuan, commonly known as Guangdong Province. The Qing dynasty was Guangdong province, which was under the jurisdiction of the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. 191111On October 9, Guangdong Province declared its independence, established an army and became the jurisdiction of the Republic of China. 1965438+July 6, 2006 changed to literati * * *. Later, it became the base camp of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's anti-Beiyang movement many times. 1926165438+1October 10 province * * * changed its name to provincial citizen * * *. During Chen's reign (1929-1936), Guangdong made remarkable progress in economy, culture, transportation and urban construction. 1938101October 2 1 August 945 15 parts (including Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Baoan and Huizhou) fell into the hands of the Japanese army. 1950 On June 27th, China people * * * captured Wanshan Islands in Zhuhai, and the whole province was liberated. After the liberation of Guangdong, the province adopted the national * * * system in its early years, but the national * * * was changed to the provincial people * * *. 1968 February 2 1, renamed Guangdong Revolutionary Committee. 1979 reverted to provincial people. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the administrative regions of Guangdong were adjusted, including Huaiji being transferred from Guangxi to Guangdong, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Beihai being transferred from Guangdong to Guangxi (1June 965), and Hainan being established as an independent province (1988). A Brief Introduction to the Historical Stories of Guangdong: Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is called "Baiyue", Historical Records is called "Nanyue" and Hanshu is called "Nanyue", which is connected with Guangdong, also referred to as Guangdong for short, and generally refers to the area around Lingnan. The ancestors of Guangdong lived, worked and multiplied in this land very early. In the long history, Guangzhou and Guangdong ranked first, and gradually evolved into Cheng Guangdong Province and its jurisdiction. Before the pre-Qin period, there were early ancients (Maba people) in Lingnan about 1.29 million years ago. During the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, Guangdong ancestors had economic and cultural exchanges with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lingnan and Wu Yuechu had close relations and frequent contacts. The legends of Chuting and Nanwucheng in history reflect the relationship between Lingnan and Chuyue in this period. "Mandarin. There is also a record of "writing to the South China Sea" in The Merchant of Chu Yu, which shows that Lingnan had a military and political relationship with Chu at that time. From the Qin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties in 222 BC, after Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified the six countries, he sent Tu Youyou to lead 500,000 Qin Jun to attack Lingnan. In 2 14 BC, Qin Jun basically occupied Lingnan. Immediately, Qin Shihuang established Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai counties in the Lingnan area he occupied. Nanhai County governs the Southeast South China Sea, Hezhou, Guangxi, and Bei Nanling, including parts of eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, central Guangdong and western Guangdong. It governs Panyu, Longchuan, Boluo, Jieyang and Sihui, and the county governs Panyu. Today, most of Guangdong Province belongs to Nanhai County, in addition, Zhanjiang and other places belong to Xiang County, parts of western Guangdong belong to Guilin County, and parts of northern Guangdong belong to Changsha County. This is the first time in the history of Guangdong to divide administrative regions. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the prefect of Nanhai County was critically ill, and appointed Longchuan County to make Zhao Tuo take his place. After Ren Tao's death, Zhao Tuo rose up and cut off Wuling's road to the Central Plains. When Qin died, Zhao Tuo attacked Guilin by force and established Nanyue State, calling himself the "King of Nanyue". At that time, except Lianzhou and Lechang North, Guangdong was under the jurisdiction of Changsha County. Zhao Tuo and later Nanyue implemented the county system like the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam. The Han Dynasty divided South Vietnam into Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaotou, Jiuzhen, Rinan, Yuer and Zhuyajiu counties. In order to facilitate the supervision of county officials, the Han Dynasty also set up a 13 resident supervision agency, called the "Thirteen Division", which was located in the Land Division of Guangxin County (now closed) in Cangwu County and was responsible for correcting the nine counties in Lingnan. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiaotoe Department was changed to Jiaozhou. Besides the supervisory power, Jiaotoe Department also had military power, which became a county-level * * *, and the local administrative system was changed from county level 2 to state, county and county level 3. Today's Guangdong Province includes the whole Nanhai County under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou (the central and eastern part of Guangdong), as well as Cangwu County, Hepu County, Guiyang County in Jingzhou and a part of Zhang Yu County in Yangzhou. Compared with the Qin Dynasty, Jieyang, Suzhong (now Qingyuan) and Zengcheng were added to its * * * counties. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Wei, Shu and Wu gradually formed a tripartite confrontation. In AD 2 10 (the 15th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Wu Sunquan appointed Bu Zhi as the secretariat of Jiaozhou and led his troops to Panyu. In 2 17 (the 22nd year of Jian 'an), Buzhi moved the state administration of Jiaozhou from Guangxin to Panyu. In 264 (the seventh year of Emperor Yongan's reign), Soochow divided four counties (Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin and Gaoliang) from Jiaozhou, and set up Guangzhou to govern Panyu, hence the name. During the period of Wu Dong, Guangdong Province now includes Shixing County and Hainan Island in Jingzhou, in addition to the four counties under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of Guangdong Province belonged to Guangzhou, northern Guangdong belonged to Jingzhou, and Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island belonged to Jiaozhou. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political situation in China was divided between the North and the South. During the Southern Dynasties, many states, counties and counties were added and repeatedly abolished. Most of the newly added states, counties and counties are concentrated in central Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong, with few in eastern Guangdong. Because the agricultural economy in eastern Guangdong is not as developed as that in western Guangdong, and the transportation is not as convenient as that in western Guangdong. During the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periods, Guangzhou and Zhou Xun (now Huizhou) were established as the governor's offices in the early Sui Dynasty. Yang Di abolished the state as a county and changed it to two levels, namely, county and county, and greatly increased the number of provinces. Today, Guangdong province belongs to 10 county and 74 counties. In the early Tang Dynasty, counties were established. The 45 States of Lingnan belong to Guangzhou, Guizhou, Rongzhou, Yongzhou and Annan (also known as Lingnan Five Houses). After 655 years, all the five governments were assigned to Guangzhou, and the governor called them five governments (governors), and Guangzhou secretariat concurrently held the post. In 756 (six years from Su Zong to Germany), he was promoted to be the economic envoy of the five governments in Lingnan. In 862 (Zong Yi lived in Xian Tong for three years), Lingnan Road was divided into East Road and West Road, with Guangzhou as the host and Guangdong as the host. This is the origin of the word "East" in the name of Guangdong Province, and it is also the beginning of the division of Guangdong and Guangxi into things. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Lingnan was occupied by Liu, and the administrative divisions basically inherited the organizational system of the Tang Dynasty. South Han promoted Guangzhou to prosperity, and increased 1 state in eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong, where the county was scarce. In the late Southern Han Dynasty, the whole territory governed 60 states, 2 14 counties. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the local administrative system was divided into three levels: state (government, army) and county. Today, Guangdong Province includes Guangnan East Road 14 State and Guangnan West Road 7 States ***6 1 County. The Song Dynasty inherited and adjusted the Tang system. Eight prefectures were abolished in western Guangdong and Hainan Island, and four prefectures added in southern Han Dynasty were retained in eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong except the Tang Dynasty. In 997 (three years from Song Taizong to Daoguang), Guangnan Road was divided into Guangnan East Road and Guangnan West Road, Guangzhou East Road and Guizhou West Road, and most of Guangdong was Guangnan East Road. "Guangdong" is the abbreviation of Guangnan East Road. The local administrative system in Yuan Dynasty was divided into four levels: provincial, provincial, prefectural (state, military) and county, and there was another way, that is, transport agencies below the provincial level and above the provincial level. Today, Guangdong Province is divided into Guangdong Road and Haibei South Road. Guangdong is ruled in Guangzhou, and Haibei Hainan is ruled in Leizhou today. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), Guangdong Road was changed to Guangdong and other provinces, and Haibei Hainan Road was placed under Guangdong, becoming one of the thirteen provinces in the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island, which belong to the same region as Guangxi for a long time, were included in Guangdong, ending the situation that Guangdong belonged to different administrative regions in the past, and the regional outline of Guangdong Province was basically formed. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Guangdong set up 10 mansion and 1 zhili mansion, which governed 7 states and 75 counties. Among them, 22 counties such as Shunde, Conghua, Gaoming, Raoping, Huilai, Tai Po, Puning and Chenghai were newly established in the Ming Dynasty. Most of these newly established counties are concentrated in eastern Guangdong, basically forming the distribution pattern of county system today. In the early Qing Dynasty, the local administrative institutions were divided into provinces, prefectures and prefectures. What was the history of human activities in Guangdong during the primitive society? Judging from the excavated ancient human sites, as early as12-140,000 years ago, human beings lived and multiplied here. The main primitive social and cultural sites in Guangdong are: 30 thousand years ago, the Yanzhen site in Dongzhong was over-closed from the primitive group to the clan commune; 1000 to 16000 years ago, the site of Yangchun Dushizi and the site of Fengkai Huangdong during the formation of matriarchal clan; From 7000 to 8000 years ago, the Qingtang market in Yingde was in the development period of matriarchal clan commune; About 4000 ~ 6000 years ago, the cultural site of Beiqiu in the prosperous period of matriarchal clan commune; About 3000-4000 years ago, Xiqiao Qiao Shan Cultural Site and Maba Shi Xia Cultural Site went from the end of matriarchal clan commune to paternal commune. In the pre-Qin period, Guangdong was far away from the Central Plains and its economic and cultural level was relatively backward, so it was called the "Na Man" land. In order to promote the communication between Baiyue region and the Central Plains region, the rulers of Zhou Dynasty established Chu Ting in Lingnan region. During this period, the Central Plains regime had no actual control over Guangdong. After Qin unified China in Qin and Han Dynasties, a large number of soldiers and civilians were deployed to pacify Nan Man (now Guangdong and Guangxi) and set up Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County. Nanhai County is located in Guangdong, where Panyu (now Guangzhou) is located. At the end of Qin dynasty, the Central Plains was in a state of chaos. At that time, Nanhai County made Ren Tao seriously ill. Before he died, he passed his position to his right-hand man, Zhao Tuo, and told him to stand on his own feet in the Central Plains. In 206 BC, Zhao Tuo established South Vietnam in Guangdong, calling himself the King of South Vietnam. After the death of Zhao Tuo, the second son Zhao Wei (now the owner of the tomb of Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty in Guangzhou) succeeded to the throne and became the second generation Nanyue King. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang sent Lv Jia to South Vietnam in 196 to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to the Han Dynasty. Under Lv Jia's persuasion, Emperor Gaozu Zhao Tuo gave him the seal of the King of South Vietnam and made him a vassal of the Han Dynasty. Before 1 12, Zhao Jiande, the last monarch of South Vietnam, betrayed the Han Dynasty and was destroyed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in 1 1 year. After the destruction of Nanyue by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Nanhai County was restored. In five years, Yuanfeng was merged into the Three Kingdoms period of Jiaozhou, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Guangdong belonged to Sun Wu and Wu Huang Wu for five years, and the area north of Hepu in Jiaozhou (now Guangdong) was designated as Guangzhou, which lasted until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Guangdong's oldest prefecture-level city, Guangdong National Historical and Cultural City (all prefecture-level cities are listed, except for the four listed, there is also a county-level city in Leizhou) 1, Guangzhou Guangzhou is a cultural city with a long history of more than 2,200 years. As early as the Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century BC, the "Baiyue" people here had contacts with Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and built a "Chu Pavilion", which was the earliest name of Guangzhou. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), after the reunification of Lingnan, Nanhai County was built (the county is located in Panyu, which is today's Guangzhou). In 226 AD, Sun Quan divided Jiaozhou into Jiaozhou and Guangzhou, hence the name "Guangzhou". It was not until 192 1 established the city hall that Guangzhou was specially named. Guangzhou was a prosperous metropolis in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the starting port of the Maritime Silk Road since the Han and Tang Dynasties, the only port open to the outside world in China in the Qing Dynasty, and the earliest trading port in China. Chaozhou Chaozhou is an ancient city with a history of 1400 years. In the tenth year of Emperor Wendi (AD 590), counties were removed and states were established. Yi 'an County belongs to Yi 'an County, which descended from Suizhou, and was promoted to state in 1920. Later generations also have a poem: "Chaozhou, the sea is in the south." The official appearance of the name "Chaozhou" began at this time. 1400 years later, this name has basically been used. 3. Zhaoqing Zhaoqing has a history of 1400 years since it was founded. Duanzhou was established in the 9th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), and governed nine counties including Gaoyao and Duan Xi. In the third year of Daye (AD 607), the county was abandoned and Duanzhou was changed to Xin 'an County. During the Wude period of Tang Dynasty, the first year of Tianbao (AD 742) was renamed Gaoyao County, and the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758) was renamed Duanzhou. Until the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (l 10 1), Song Huizong was Duan Wang before he ascended the throne, and Duanzhou was his "hiding place", so Xingqing Army was established in Duanzhou. In the third year of Zheng He (ll 13), Duanzhou was changed to Xingqing House; In the first year of Zhonghe (1 1 18), the imperial book Zhaoqing House was given to him personally, and it was renamed Zhaoqing from then on. 4. The history of Foshan as the capital is nearly 1400 years. One day in the second year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 628), Tapogang was resplendent and the villagers rushed to tell each other. So people got together, dug on Tapogang and dug up three bronze buddhas. When the Buddha statue was removed, a clear spring gushed out. According to the inscription, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Buddhist monk, Da Piyeshe, who once lectured and built a sutra hall here. The villagers then dug wells for water and rebuilt Tapo Temple on the pillars to worship three bronze buddhas. People think this is the mountain of Buddhism, so they named it "Foshan". 4. Meizhou City Meizhou City is also one of the prefecture-level cities with a long history in Guangdong Province. It has been 1000 years since it was built. In the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (97 1), Meizhou was named after many plum blossoms and streams. Meixian county was established in 1924, and Meizhou city was established in 1979. 1983 merged with Meixian County to be called Meixian City. 1988 moved to Meizhou city. What are the most famous historical events in Guangdong? The five ridges are towering and the Pearl River is vertical and horizontal. The history of Guangdong ancestors, judging from the unearthed cultural relics that have been excavated, whether the earliest human beings in Guangdong were Maba people. From the fossils of Maba people, it can be strongly proved that in ancient times, the ancestors of the Chinese nation thrived not only in the north, but also on the land of Lingnan, and created our ancient historical civilization through labor. The Pearl River Basin, the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin are also the cradles and birthplaces of the development of the Chinese nation. Time has passed, and after tens of millions of years of vicissitudes, ancient human beings in Guangdong have realized the transformation from primitive groups to clan communes and even slave societies. During this long time, Guangdong ancestors left many widely distributed cultural sites for future generations at every step, mainly including: the site of Dongyan people in Fengkaidong, which reflected the transition from primitive groups to clan commune 30,000 years ago, about 1 10,000 years ago to10.6 million years ago, which reflected Yangchun Du's poems and the site of Fengkai Huangyan Cave in the formation period of matriarchal clan society; About seven or eight thousand years ago, it reflected the development period of the matriarchal clan commune in the Qingtang market in Yingde; The cultural sites of "Beiqiu" in the Hanjiang River and Pearl River Delta about 4000-6000 years ago reflect the prosperity of matriarchal clan commune. About three or four thousand years ago, it reflects the cultural sites of Xiqiao Qiaoshan and Mabaxia from the end of matriarchal clan commune to the period of paternal commune. Guangdong Gendarmerie escorted Gu Shoufu, an important criminal of Nanjing Massacre, to the execution ground. Guangdong pilots shot down two ace pilots of Japanese invaders. Guangdong soldiers and civilians fought against the Japanese aggressors 1/8. Please see://south/news/gdnews/SZ/kangzhan/guangdong/introduction of human ancestors. The original inhabitants of Guangdong are the descendants of ancient Baiyue-Cantonese. According to archaeological findings, the human history of Guangdong can be traced back to 10 million years ago. The skull fossil of "Maba Man" found in Lion Rock Cave in Maba Township, Qujiang County, Shaoguan, northern Guangdong Province/kloc-0.0 million years ago is the earliest human fossil found in Guangdong. The discovery of "Maba Man Fossil" reveals the history of human beings in Guangdong in Paleolithic Age. There are hundreds of sites in the middle and late Neolithic period all over the country, including Shi Xia in Qujiang, Nianhu Brick and Zoumagang Site in Shaoguan. A large number of beautifully made stone books, axes, chisels, knives, shovels and other stone tools, as well as fish net pendants, ceramic spinning wheels, various stone and bone ornaments, artificially cultivated rice grains and other relics were unearthed, and a picture was outlined. It shows the ancient civilization of northern Guangdong opened by Maba people. Shaoguan in northern Guangdong is known as Shaozhou in history. According to legend, Shun Di visited "Shaole" among the stone peaks 30 kilometers north of the city. The 36 stones here were later collectively called Shao Shi. Since the Qin Dynasty, many Cantonese have migrated to Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries, and some people have come to Hainan Island, Xisha Islands and the coastal areas of Guangdong now, as well as the waters near Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta to make a living by fishing. The first batch of immigrants in the past dynasties: the second batch in Qin and Han Dynasties: the third batch in Eastern Jin Dynasty: the fourth batch in Northern Song Dynasty: Southern Song Dynasty.