Why do you say that citrus production in China has a long history?

Citrus has long been cultivated by wild oranges. Citrus has been planted in China for 4000 years. Records of this aspect can be found in ancient books, such as Zhou Shu (5th century BC), Shan Hai Jing (3rd century BC), Yu Gong and Lv Chunqiu. According to Yu Gong's records in the 3rd century BC, "Yangzhou is a masterpiece of citrus and pomelo" and "Jingzhou is a color art Mao Jing". The "Yangzhou" mentioned here refers to the south of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, the east of Jiangxi, and the east corner of Henan and Hubei provinces. "Jingzhou" refers to today's Hubei, Hunan and western Jiangxi. Bao, orange and pomelo are different kinds of oranges. In recent years, well-preserved citrus seeds have been found in the cultural relics unearthed from Zenghou Tomb in Sui County, Hubei Province (2450 BC), Mawangdui Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province (2000 BC) and Radish Bay Tomb in Gui County, Guangxi. From ancient records to unearthed cultural relics, it shows that citrus was planted in the south of China, especially in many areas of the Yangtze River valley as early as 2000 BC in the Yu Xia era, and was regarded as a treasure and presented to the emperor as a tribute.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties from 2265438 BC to 0-220 BC, with the unification of the country, the establishment of centralization and the development of agricultural production, citrus planting areas expanded to Sichuan, southern Shaanxi and other places, which were recorded in many ancient books at that time. For example, there are thousands of oranges in Jiangling, Shu Han, and this person and thousands of households (Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi), there are orange pomelo gardens in Chengdu Plain, Sichuan (Shudu Fu), Nanyang in Henan to Luoyang, and Dunan Fu in Shaanxi. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, citrus production in China further developed, especially in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan provinces. Just as Zhang Tong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised the grand occasion of planting oranges in Zhejiang, he wrote: "Shuang Ling is far away from Taihu Lake, with two volumes of Zhu Qi looking at the orange forest, trees and cages with fireworks, and the mountains are as bright as gold." Looking at picking Fang Ying's hand, I feel full of fragrance (Waiting for Picking Gong Ju), which vividly shows the orange forest in the south of the Yangtze River. In Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, Chen Jingyi in Song Dynasty also described "every family hangs oranges" in "North Ancestor of Fang Quan".

Working people in our country have accumulated rich experience in the long-term citrus planting process and chose favorable microclimate areas to plant citrus. For example, "Dongting (referring to Dongting Mountain in Taihu Lake) is surrounded by water, and the water vapor rises, especially avoiding frost, so Dongting citrus is the best, and the annual harvest is not consumed. This is why". It also comprehensively summarizes the valuable experiences of citrus planting in mountainous areas, such as building terraces, burning manure to smoke and prevent cold, and using natural enemies-scared ants to control pests and diseases. In the classification of citrus, many scientific explanations have also been made. Among them, the most famous one is The Record of Oranges written by Han Yanzhi in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 178), which clearly divides oranges in China into three categories for the first time. Then, the "oranges" are divided into eight kinds (real oranges, raw oranges, sea red oranges, Dongting oranges, Zhu oranges, kumquat, wood oranges and sweet oranges). "Orange 14 species" (yellow orange, collapsed orange, packed orange, cotton orange, sand orange, litchi orange, soft orange, oil orange, green orange, milk orange, kumquat, natural orange, early yellow orange and frozen orange); "There are five kinds of oranges" (orange, bamboo luan, fragrant luan, fragrant margin and hook chrysanthemum); There are twenty kinds and twenty-seven kinds. He basically classified the ancient citrus in China scientifically, which still has important reference value. The book also systematically expounds the grafting, cultivation, management, pest control, storage and processing of citrus, and is known as the first citrus monograph in the world.

Countless history shows that China has been a major country rich in citrus since ancient times. However, in the past hundred years since the Opium War, due to the invasion of imperialism, a large number of foreign oranges were dumped and flooded the market, and the cruel oppression and exploitation of feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, many orange farmers were on the verge of bankruptcy, citrus orchards were abandoned, the output dropped sharply, and citrus production was on the verge of extinction. After liberation, with the strong support of the party and the government, citrus production in China has been revitalized. The old citrus producing areas have been rapidly restored and developed, and new citrus producing areas have been established like mushrooms after rain, and a number of citrus production bases have been initially built, which has expanded the area of citrus orchards in China and increased the output. Especially after 1978, the citrus production in China developed rapidly, and the output increased from 7.654 million tons in 1978 to 36166,000 tons in 1985. In recent seven years, the output has increased by 3.7 times, and the average annual growth rate is higher than 16%. This achievement first depends on the strength of the correct line, principles and policies after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party. Secondly, we must rely on vigorously promoting fine varieties. For example, in Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province, the cultivation methods of dwarfing, increasing density and close planting have created a high-yield record of banana orange with an yield of over 10,000 kilograms per mu. At present, China has become one of the largest citrus producers in the world, ranking seventh in the world, just behind the United States, Brazil, Japan, Italy, Mexico and Spain.

Citrus production in China has a long history. According to research, as early as 1000 years ago, citrus originated in China began to spread to all countries in the world. Wenzhou tangerine, which is famous for its seedlessness, was originally cultivated by a Japanese monk named Tian Zhongshou. He went to the National Assembly Temple in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China for a pilgrimage, where he tasted oranges with good taste and few stones. Later, he returned to China, brought the orange pit back to Japan and introduced it to Changdao Village in Kagoshima. After seedling variation and long-term artificial cultivation, it has been planted in many places in Japan. Because it is produced in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, the Japanese call it "Wenzhou Tangerine". Now, it has traveled all over Africa, Europe and many other countries, and settled down there to carry on the family line. However, their ancestors were descendants of citrus trees introduced in Tanaka at that time. In addition, the sweet orange, which accounts for about 70% of the total citrus production in the world, was brought to the Mediterranean region by the Portuguese from the island of Taiwan Province Province, China in A.D. 1520. It was first planted in Lisbon Garden, and then flourished in European countries such as Italy, France and Spain. In A.D. 1492, after Columbus discovered the New World, Sweet Orange moved to Latin America and the United States with European immigrants. 1892, the United States introduced ponkan from China and planted it in California and Florida. However, due to the rare freezing injury in history in the winter of 1894, all citrus trees were frozen to death. Until the beginning of this century, the United States introduced citrus from China again, and finally established the world's largest citrus production base in Florida Peninsula. In Britain, people call it "Mandanin", which means "precious Chinese citrus". When the British introduced kumquat from China, it was also cultivated in 19 12. Throughout the ages, citrus is not only a symbol of the prosperity of the Chinese nation, but also a symbol of the friendly exchanges between our people and people all over the world.