What are the transmission routes of AIDS?

The full name of AIDS is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a disease of human immune defense system caused by retrovirus. When the human body is in a normal state, the immune system in the body plays a good "defense" role against the attacks of various pathogens. Once infected with HIV, this good defense system of human body will be destroyed, and the defense function will decline, so pathogens and microorganisms can take the opportunity to directly take blood and broken wounds. In addition, some abnormal cells in the body, such as cancer cells, also take the opportunity to grow rapidly, multiply and develop into various cancers. In other words, AIDS patients are mainly characterized by severe damage to the immune system, decreased physical resistance, and even induced serious infections and some rare cancers. Once HIV invades the human body, it will destroy T 4 lymphocytes and make the body lose its disease resistance, and patients are prone to various rare diseases. Such as Kaposi sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The transmission route of AIDS is similar to that of hepatitis B. Although with the development of science and technology, people's awareness of AIDS is improving, but their fear of AIDS is also increasing. AIDS originated in Africa, and it was also 1979 that spread among Haitian youth and was brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5th, 198 1, the centers for disease control in Atlanta, USA briefly introduced the medical history of five AIDS patients they found in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly for the first time. 1982, the disease was officially named "AIDS". Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents. 1In June 1985, a young Argentine male tourist from Shanghai was hospitalized for AIDS and died in China, which was the first AIDS patient in China. From 65438, when AIDS entered China, to 0985, nearly 10,000 people were HIV carriers. According to the speculation of relevant departments, the development trend of AIDS in the next few years is: the developed countries show a downward trend, while the developing countries show a sharp upward trend. AIDS, known as "contemporary plague" and "super cancer", has attracted great attention from the World Health Organization (WHO) and governments around the world. No matter the investment in personnel and funds, it has been listed as a Class B legal infectious disease in China, and it is one of the infectious diseases monitored by frontier health. AIDS is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus, that is, HIV. It takes several years for HIV to enter the human body, even as long as 10 years or longer before it becomes ill. Aids virus seriously damages human immune function, and patients are repeatedly infected with many diseases due to the extremely decreased ability to resist diseases, such as herpes zoster, oral mold infection, tuberculosis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis and other special pathogenic microorganisms, and malignant tumors often occur in the later stage. Eventually died of long-term consumption and general failure. So far, there is no specific medicine to treat AIDS, and there is no effective vaccine to prevent AIDS. Once you get sick, you will die in a short time under the current medical conditions in China. So at present, AIDS is still a very serious infectious disease, and the mortality rate is as high as 100%. Characteristics of HIV (I) Characteristics of HIV AIDS has been proved to be caused by a retrovirus: 1983, Montagni-Eyre, director of the tumor virus room of the famous French Pasteur Institute, first isolated an AIDS lymphadenopathy-related virus (LAV for short) from the lymph nodes of a gay man with lymphadenopathy syndrome. In 1984, researchers from the National Cancer Institute also reported that several retroviruses were isolated from blood samples of AIDS patients. Because this virus mainly attacks immune lymphocytes, it is named human T lymphotrophic virus III III (HTLVⅲ III for short). These two viruses are considered to be variants of the same retrovirus, and they must be the pathogens that cause AIDS, so they are called LAV/LTLV-III. 1On July 25th, 986, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a communique, and the International Committee for Virus Classification decided to rename HIV as Hmuan immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a bag-shaped sphere with a diameter of about 150 nm. The capsule is composed of a thin layer of lipid and has antigenicity. HIV has a different base sequence of 10%. It is a single-stranded RNA virus with core-shell protein. In addition, there is a special reverse transcriptase, which can transcribe single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA. This double-stranded DNA can be combined with the DNA of the host cell and then reverse transcribed into the single-stranded DNA of the virus. Therefore, after being infected with HIV, the nucleic acid of the virus will always combine with the host cell, so that the infection cannot disappear and the body cannot eliminate the virus. It has been proved that HIV is a virus with T4 lymphocytes and neurophiles. HIV enters human blood through skin or mucous membrane, mainly attacking and destroying target cell T4 lymphocytes (T4 lymphocytes play a central role in the cellular immune system and can promote B cells to produce antibodies), so that T4 cells lose their original normal immune function. When almost all T4 cells that activate immune response are eliminated by HIV, the number of T4 cells that inhibit immune response will increase sharply. On the contrary, the number of T4 cells in the patient's body decreased sharply, which led to the complete failure of the patient's immune function and created extremely favorable conditions for conditional infection. Aids virus has affinity for nerve cells, which can invade the nervous system, cause the destruction of brain tissue, or cause various central nervous system diseases due to secondary conditional infection. HIV is like other retroviruses. When retrovirus uses viral RNA as a template to synthesize DNA, the proviral DNA is integrated into the DNA of the host cell, and the oncogene carried by HIV can make the cell cancerous, especially when the cell immunity is destroyed and the immune monitoring function is lost, it is more likely to cause cell canceration. (II) Immunological characteristics of HIV: Many evidences show that the immune deficiency of AIDS is mainly in the cellular immune system, and its immune characteristics are as follows: 1, and the number of circulating lymphocytes in peripheral blood (1) is obviously reduced, often lower than 100 /mm2 (normal1500-40000). (2) In T lymphocytes, the number of helper cells (T4) decreased, while the number of suppressor cells (T8) increased relatively, and the ratio of T4 to T8 decreased (the ratio of T4/T8 in normal people was 1.75-2. 1), while that in AIDS patients was.

Satisfied, please adopt.